jis k 6251 rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastics - determination of tensile stress-strain properties

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JIS K 6251: 2010 (JRMA/JSA) JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastics- Determination of tensile stress-strain properties ICS 83.060 Reference number: JIS K 6251 : 2010 (E) PROTECTED Copyright Japanese Standards Association Provided by IHS under license with JSA Licensee=Grupo Unido Por El Canal (Grupo UPC)/5984646001, User=Rivera, Juan Ar Not for Resale, 11/25/2011 12:59:05 MSTss No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,`,,,,`,``,`,,,`,,,``````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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  • JIS K 6251: 2010 (JRMA/JSA)

    JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD

    Translated and Published by Japanese Standards Association

    Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastics- Determination of tensile stress-strain properties

    ICS 83.060

    Reference number: JIS K 6251 : 2010 (E)

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  • K 6251 : 2010

    Date of Establishment: 1993-02-01 Date of Revision: 2010-12-20 Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2010-12-20 Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee

    JSA 2011

    Standards Board Technical Committee on Chemical Products

    JIS K 6251: 2010, First English edition published in 2011-08

    Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN

    In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents, the original JIS is to be the final authority.

    All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

    Printed in Japan AT

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  • K 6251 : 2010

    Contents

    Page

    Introduction ...................................................... 1

    1 Scope ...................................................... 1

    2 Normative references ...................................................... 1

    3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................. 2

    4 Principle ............................................................................................................ 4

    5 General ...................................................... 4

    6 Test piece 5 6.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece ...................................................... 5 6.2 Ring-shaped test piece ...................................................... 6 6.3 Selection of test pieces ............................................................................................ 6

    7 Testing apparatus ...................................................... 8

    8 Number of test pieces ...................................................... 10

    9 Sampling and preparation of test pieces ...................................................... 10 9.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece ...................................................... 10 9.2 Ring-shaped test piece ...................................................... 10

    10 Conditioning of samples and test pieces ...................................................... 10 10.1 Period from vulcanization or moulding to testing 10 10.2 Storage of samples and test pieces ...................................................... 10 10.3 Conditioning of samples ...................................................... 11 10.4 Conditioning of test pieces ...................................................... 11

    11 Gauging of dumb-bell test pieces ...................................................... 11

    12 Measurement of test pieces .................................................................................. 11 12.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece ...................................................... 11 12.2 Ring-shaped test piece ...................................................... 11 12.3 Median thickness ...................................................... 12

    13 Procedure ................................................................................................................ 12 13.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece ...................................................... 12 13.2 Ring-shaped test piece ...................................................... 12 13.3 Measurement for obtaining tensile strength, tensile stress at break

    and elongation at break ...................................................... 13 13.4 Measurement for obtaining tensile stress at a given elongation 13 13.5 Measurement for obtaining tensile stress at yield and elongation at

    yield ............................................................................................................ 13

    (i)

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  • K 6251 : 2010

    14 Temperature of test ............................................................................................... 13

    15 Calculation of results .................................................................... ................ 13 15.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece ................................................................................ 13 15.2 Ring-shaped test piece .......................................................................................... 14

    16 Expression of results ............................................................................................. 16

    17 Test report ........................................................................................ 16

    Annex A (informative) Precision .................................................................................. 17 Annex B (informative) Analysis of ITP data and dumb-bell shape ........................ 21 Annex JA (informative) Comparison table between JIS and corresponding

    International Standard .... .......................... 26

    (ii)

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  • K 6251 : 2010

    Foreword

    This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial Standard revised by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee as the result of proposal for revision of Japanese Industrial Standard submitted by the Japan Rubber Manufacturers Associa-tion (JRMA)/Japanese Standards Association (JSA) with the draft being attached, based on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law applicable to the case of revision by the provision of Article 14.

    Consequently JIS K 6251: 2004 is replaced with this Standard. This JIS document is protected by the Copyright Law. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the said technical properties.

    (iii)

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  • JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS K 6251 : 2010

    Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastics-Determination of tensile stress-strain

    properties

    In troduction This Japanese Industrial Standard has been prepared based on the fourth edition

    of ISO 37 published in 2005 and ISO 37 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 published in 2008 with some modifications of the technical contents.

    The portions given sidelines or dotted underlines are the matters in which the con-tents of the original International Standard have been modified. A list of modifica-tions with the explanations is given in Annex JA.

    1 Scope This Standard specifies the determination method of the tensile stress-strain prop-

    erties of vulcanized rubbers and thermoplastic rubbers. The properties to be determined shall be the tensile strength, elongation at break,

    stress at a given elongation, elongation at a given stress, tensile stress at yield and elongation at yield. The measurement of the tensile stress at yield and the strain at yield applies only to vulcanized rubbers and thermoplastic rubbers having the yield.

    NOTE: The International Standard corresponding to this Standard and the sym-bol of degree of correspondence are as follows.

    ISO 37: 2005 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic-Determination of tensile stress-strain properties and TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 :2008 (MOD)

    In addition, symbols which denote the degree of correspondence in the contents between the relevant International Standard and JIS are IDT (identical), MOD (modified), and NEQ (not equivalent) according to ISO/ lEe Guide 21-1.

    Warning: Persons using this Standard should be familiar with normallabora-tory practice. This Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibil-ity of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices.

    2 Norma ti ve references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,

    constitute provisions of this Standard. The most recent edition of the standard (including amendments) indicated below shall be applied.

    JIS K 6200 Rubber-Vocabulary

    JIS K 6250 Rubber-General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods

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  • 2 K 6251: 2010

    NOTE: Corresponding International Standard: ISO 23529 Rubber-General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods (MOD)

    JIS K 6272 Rubber-Tensile, flexural and compression test equipment (constant rate of traverse)-Specification

    NOTE: Corresponding International Standard: ISO 5893 Rubber and plastics test equipment-Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse)-Specification (MOD)

    JIS Z 8401 Guide to the rounding of numbers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Standard, the terms and definitions given in ~~_~_~ __ ~~~_~_,

    and the following terms and definitions apply. In addition, the illustration for explanation of terms for tensile test is shown in

    figure 1.

    3.1 tensile stress S the force applied so as to extend the test piece divided by the area of the initial cross-section of the test piece

    3.2 elongation E tensile strain produced in the test piece by tensile stress, which is expressed by the ratio to the initial length

    NOTE: The elongation is expressed by the ratio (%) to the gauge length.

    3.3 tensile strength TS maximum tensile force recorded in expanding the test piece to the break divided by the area of the initial cross-section of the test piece

    NOTE: See figure 1 a) to figure 1 c).

    3.4 tensile strength at break TSb tensile force recorded when the test piece is broken divided by the area of the initial cross-section of the test piece

    NOTE 1 See figure 1 a) to figure 1 c). NOTE 2 The values of TS and TSb may be different if, after yielding at Sy, the

    elongation continues along the drop in stress resulting in TSb being lower than TS. See figure 1 c).

    3.5 elongation at break Eb elongation when the test piece is broken, expressed by the ratio (%) to the initial length

    NOTE: See figure 1 a) to figure 1 c).

    3.6 elongation at a given stress Es elongation when the test piece is subjected to a given tensile stress, expressed by the ratio (%) to the initial length

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  • 3 K 6251: 2010

    3.7 stress at a given elongation Se tensile force required to produce a given elongation (E %) to the test piece divided by the area of the initial cross-section of the test piece

    NOTE: In the rubber industry, this definition is widely identified with the term "modulus"; however, care should be taken to avoid confusion with the use of "modulus" in other industries to denote the slope of the stress-strain curve at a given elongation.

    3.8 tensile stress at yield Sy tensile stress at the first point where some further increase in elongation occurs without any increase in tensile force before the test piece is broken

    NOTE: This corresponds to the inflection point [see figure 1 b)] or the maximum point [see figure 1 c)].

    3.9 elongation at yield Ey elongation at the first point where some further increase in elongation occurs without any increase in tensile force before the test piece is broken, expressed by the ratio (%) to the initial length

    NOTE: See figure 1 b) and figure 1 c).

    S S

    y S y I------::~--"""

    Eb E Ey Eb E a) b)

    S Y

    Sy TS TS b E : elongation

    Eb : elongation at break Ey : elongation at yield S : tensile stress Sy : tensile stress at yield TS : tensile strength TSb : tensile strength at break

    Ey Eb E y : yield c)

    Figure 1 Illustration for explanation of terms for tensile test

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  • 4 K 6251: 2010

    3.10 test length of a dumb-bell (gauge length) reference length used to measure the elongation within the narrow portion of a dumb-bell-sha ped test piece

    NOTE: Generally, it is indicated by gauges, and hereafter referred to as "gauge length" (see figure 2).

    4 Principle The standard test pieces of either dumb-bell-shaped test pieces or ring-shaped test

    pieces are expanded by the tensile testing machine at a constant rate of traverse of the grip or the pulley. The tensile force or the elongation shall be measured when the test piece is expanded at the specified rate of traverse.

    5 General The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces and the ring-shaped test pieces do not necessar-

    ily give the same values for their respective stress-strain properties. This is mainly because the stress is not uniform over the cross-section of the ring. Also, this is be-cause the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces may give different measured values depend-ing whether the narrow portion thereof is parallel or at right angles to the grain.

    The main points to be noted in selecting the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces and the ring-shaped test pieces are as follows.

    a) Tensile strength The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces are preferable for determi-nation of tensile strength. The ring-shaped test pieces give lower values than those of the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces.

    b) Elongation at break The elongation of ring-shaped test pieces and that of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces give approximately the same values, provided that the elon-gation of ring-shaped test pieces is calculated as the ratio to the initial internal circumference and the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces are taken at right angles to the grain.

    If it is required to study grain effects, the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces should be used, for which ring-shaped test pieces are not suitable.

    c) Elongation at a given stress and stress at a given elongation For the test pieces, the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 and the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 are prefer-able.

    The elongation of ring-shaped test pieces and that of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces give approximately the same values, provided that the elongation of ring-shaped test piece is calculated as the ratio of initial circumference to the median and the elongation of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces is calculated as the average of the values when taken parallel to the grain and when taken at right angles to the grain.

    The ring-shaped test pieces are suitable for automated testing due to the ease of handling of the test pieces, and also for the determination of stress at a given elongation.

    d) Selection of test pieces For the test pieces used for testing, dumb-bell-shaped test pieces of seven types, dumb-bell-shaped type 1, dumb-bell-shaped type 2, dumb-

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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  • 5 K 6251: 2010

    bell-shaped type 3, dumb-bell-shaped type 5, dumb-bell-shaped type 6, dumb-bell-shaped type 7 and dumb-bell-shaped type 8, and ring-shaped test pieces of two types, ring-shaped type 1 and ring-shaped type 2 shall be used.

    The dumb-bell-shaped type 3 and the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 shall be the stan-dard test pieces among dumb-bell-shaped test pieces. Dumb-bell-shaped type 1 test pieces are used for the sample with small elongation, dumb-bell-shaped type 2 test pieces are for the sample with small tensile strength, and dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test pieces are for the sample whose width is too narrow to prepare the standard test piece.

    For the ring-shaped test pieces, ring-shaped type 1 test pieces shall be the stan-dard test pieces.

    Miniature test pieces of the dumb-bell-shaped type 7, dumb-bell-shaped type 8 and ring-shaped type 2 shall only be used where insufficient material is available for the larger test pieces. Miniature test pieces may give somewhat higher val-ues for tensile strength at break and elongation at break than the larger test pieces.

    The results obtained for a given material are likely to vary according to the shape of test piece used, therefore the results obtained for different materials shall not be regarded as comparable unless the same shape of test piece has been used.

    When preparation of test pieces requires buffing or thickness adjustment, test results may be affected.

    6 Test piece

    6.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece The shape of dumb-bell-shaped test piece shall be as specified in figure 2.

    2

    1 Gauge 2 Gauge length (see table 1)

    Figure 2 Shape of dumb-bell-shaped test piece

    The shapes and dimensions of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be as specified in figure 3 and table 1. The initial gauge length shall be as specified in table 1, and shall not exceed the length of narrow portion of the test piece.

    The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be prepared using the appropriate punch-ing die (see table 3).

    For the non-standard test pieces prepared by cutting out from the product, the maxi-mum thickness of the narrow portion shall be 3.0 mm for _~_~!!?-_1?_~~~g~~~_~~~~ __ ~;YJ?_~ __ ~~ dumb-bell-shaped type 2, dumb-bell-shaped type 3 and dumb-bell-shaped type 5, 2.5 mm --------------------------------------------

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  • 6 K 6251: 2010

    for dumb-bell-shaped type 6 and dumb-bell-shaped type 8, and 2.0 mm for dumb-bell-shaped type 7.

    Table 1 Shapes and dimensions of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces Unit: mm

    Shape Dimensions of main part Designation in

    Thickness of Width of Initial gauge corresponding International narrow portion narrow portion length Standard (ISO 37)

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 1 2.00.2 10.00.1 40.0 0.5 -

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 2 2.00.2 10.00.1 20.00.5 -

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 2.00.2 5.00.1 20.00.5 Type lA

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 5 2.00.2 60+0.4 . 0.0 25.00.5 Type 1

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 6 2.00.2 4.00.1 20.0 0.5 Type 2

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 7 1.00.1 2.00.1 10.00.5 Type 3

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 8 2.00.2 4.00.1 10.00.5 Type 4

    6.2 Ring-shaped test piece The shapes and dimensions of ring-shaped test pieces shall be as specified in fig-

    ure 3 and table 2. The standard ring-shaped type 1 test piece shall have the inside diameter of 44.6 mm

    0.2 mm. The average thickness and the average width shall be 4.0 mm 0.2 mm. The standard ring-shaped type 2 test piece shall have the inside diameter of 8.0 mm

    0.1 mm. The average thickness and the average width shall be 1.0 mm0.1 mm. The width of every ring-shaped test piece shall nowhere deviate from the median by not less than 0.1 mm.

    6.3 Selection of test pieces For both dumb-bell-shaped test pieces and ring-shaped test pieces, those contain-

    ing foreign matters, containing bubbles or having flaws shall not be used for testing.

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  • 120 40 40

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 1

    100 (25) 20 40

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 75

    (12.5) 25

    -;3-:& ..-'

    N '(ji

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 6

    50 (8.5) 16 17

    I r-- \" - 1-- ~ ---

    --P.\ ~~ -0 'S'

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 8

    o

    o

    -.;;j"

    LD N

    LD oj

    LD ~

    0

    LD ~

    Ring-shaped type 1

    LD N

    100

    7 K 6251: 2010

    Unit: mm

    o LD ~~ __ ~ ______ +-~N

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 2

    (25)

    ~~ y

    115 33 41

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 5

    35 (4.5) 1 2 11.5

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 7

    I

    --~~ I

    Ring-shaped type 2

    Figure 3 Shapes and dimensions of test pieces

    Table 2 Shapes and dimensions of ring-shaped test pieces

    Unit: mm Shape Outside Inside Width Thickness One half of internal

    diameter diameter circumference of test piece

    Ring-shaped type 1 52.6 44.60.2 4.00.2 4.00.2 70.0

    Ring-shaped type 2 10.0 8.0 0.1 1.00.1 1.0 0.1 12.6

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  • 8 K 6251: 2010

    7 Testing apparatus

    7.1 Punching die and cutter All punching dies and cutters shall be as specified in 8.3 of JIS K 6250. The punch-

    --------------------------------

    ing die for sampling the test piece shall satisfy the dimensions specified in figure 4, figure 5, table 3 and table 4.

    A o

    For dumb-bell-shaped test piece For ring-shaped test piece

    Figure 4 Shapes of punching die for test piece

    ! I ! I

    ! I ! L _____ I ___ ~

    x~ A

    o

    \ N (Y)

    lLJ lL. ~--------_+~--------_+-r---+

    1 Fixing position to punching device 2 Ground smooth 3 Ground

    Unit: mm

    x

    x

    Figure 5 Shape of punching tool for dumb-bell-shaped test piece (example of fixed die)

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  • 9 K 6251: 2010

    Table 3 Dimensions of punching die for dumb-bell-shaped test piece

    Unit: mm

    Shape Dimension measuring position A a) B b ) C b ) D E F Rl R2

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 1 120 (15) (25) 40.0+~:g 10.00.1 25.00.5 21.0 2.0 25.0 2.0 Dumb-bell-shaped type 2 100 20.0+~:g Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 5.00.1 11.0 1.0

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 5 115 (16) (25) 33.02.0 60+0.4 . 0.0 25.0 1.0 14.0 1.0 25.0 2.0

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 6 75 (12.5) (12.5) 25.0 1.0 4.00.1 12.5 1.0 8.00.5 12.5 1.0 Dumb-bell-shaped type 7 35 (7) (4.5) 12.00.5 2.00.1 6.00.5 3.00.1 3.00.1 Dumb-bell-shaped type 8 50 (8.5) (8.5) 16.0 1.0 4.00.1 8.50.5 7.50.5 10.0 0.5 Notes a) To avoid the breaking at shoulder part (part of RJ or R2) of dumb-bell-shaped test piece,

    a greater overall length may be necessary for the length of wide end tab (grip part). b) Band C are the numerical values for reference, which are determined by Rl and R2.

    Table 4 Dimensions of punching die for ring-shaped test piece

    Unit: mm

    Shape Dimension measuring position

    G H I

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 1 52.6 44.60.2 4.00.2

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 2 10.0 8.0 0.1 1.0 0.1

    7.2 Thickness gauge The instrument for measuring the thickness of dumb-bell-shaped test piece and the

    thickness of ring-shaped test piece shall be as specified in 10.1 a) of JIS K 6250. The instrument for measuring the width of ring-shaped test piece shall be that the

    contact point and base plate shall be shaped to fit the curvature of the ring-shaped test piece.

    7.3 Cone gauge A calibrated cone gauge or other suitable instrument shall be used to measure the

    inside diameter of ring-shaped test pieces. The instrument shall be capable of mea-suring the diameter with an error of not exceeding 0.01 mm. The means of support-ing the ring-shaped test piece to be measured shall be such as to avoid any significant change in the dimension being measured.

    7.4 Tensile testing machine

    7.4.1 The force-measuring system and the extensometer shall be as specified in clause 6 and clause 9 of JIS K 6272. The force-measuring system shall have an ac---------------------------------------------------------------------

    curacy of Class 1 or superior. The testing machine shall be capable of operating at rates of traverse of 100 mm/min, 200 mm/min and 500 mm/min.

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  • 10 K 6251: 2010

    7.4.2 The testing machine shall be equipped with the device capable of indicating the maximum tensile force, and in the case of using a dumb-bell-shaped test piece, with automatically clamping grips, and in the case of ring-shaped test piece, with the de-vice capable of rotating the test piece while expanding.

    7.4.3 For tests at temperatures other than the standard laboratory temperature, a suitable thermostatically controlled chamber shall be fitted to the tensile testing machine. The procedures for achieving higher or lower temperatures shall be as speci-fied in 11.2.2 of JIS K 6250.

    8 Number of test pieces A minimum of three test pieces shall be tested.

    NOTE: The use of five test pieces will give a lower uncertainty than the test with three test pieces.

    9 Sampling and preparation of test pieces

    9.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be prepared as specified in clause 8 of JIS

    K 6250. The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be taken, as far as possible, parallel to the grain of the material. Ifit is required to study grain effects, the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be taken at right angles to the grain.

    9.2 Ring-shaped test piece The ring-shaped test pieces shall be prepared as specified in clause 8 of JIS K 6250

    by cutting, punching or moulding.

    10 Conditioning of samples and test pieces

    10.1 Period from vulcanization or moulding to testing For all test purposes, the minimum period from vulcanization or moulding to test-

    ing shall be 16 h. For non-product tests, the maximum period from vulcanization or moulding to testing

    shall be 4 weeks and, for evaluations intended to be comparison, the tests shall be carried out after the same interval, as far as possible.

    For product tests, as far as possible, the period from vulcanization or moulding to testing shall not exceed 3 months.

    In other cases, tests shall be made within 2 months of the date of product receipt by the customer.

    10.2 Storage of samples and test pieces Samples and test pieces shall be stored to protect from all external influences such

    as light and heat likely to cause damage during the period from vulcanization or moul-ding to completion of testing.

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  • 10.3 Conditioning of samples

    11 K 6251: 2010

    All samples other than those taken from latex shall be conditioned as specified in 6.1 of JIS K 6250 without humidity control, for not less than 3 h prior to taking the test pieces.

    Latex samples likely to be affected by humidity shall be conditioned under the en-vironment with humidity control as specified in 6.1 and 6.2 of JIS K 6250 for not less than 96 h prior to taking the test pieces.

    10.4 Conditioning of test pieces All test pieces shall be conditioned as specified in clause 9 of JIS K 6250. If the

    preparation of test pieces involves buffing, the interval between buffing and testing shall be 16 h or over to and including 72 h.

    For tests at the standard laboratory temperature, test pieces that do not require further preparation may be tested immediately, if they are taken from the conditioned test samples. Where additional preparation is involved, the test may carried out after the minimum conditioning of 3 h at the standard laboratory temperature.

    For tests at temperatures other than the standard laboratory temperature, the test pieces shall be conditioned at the temperature of test for a period sufficient to enable the test pieces to attain substantial equilibrium as specified in 11.2.2 of JIS K 6250 (see 7.4.3).

    11 Gauging of dumb-bell test pieces The dumb-bell-shaped test pieces shall be marked with two gauges to define the

    initial gauge length specified in table 1 with a suitable marker. The test piece shall be unstrained when it is marked, and the gauges shall be marked

    clearly and with accuracy on the narrow portion of the test piece equidistant from the -----------------------------------------------

    centre of the test piece at right angles as shown in figure 2.

    12 Measurement of test pieces

    12.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece The thickness of the dumb-bell-shaped test piece at the centre and at each end of

    the initial gauge length in the narrow portion shall be measured with the thickness gauge. The median of the three measurements shall be used in calculating the area of the cross-section. The distance between the cutting edges of the die in the narrow portion shall be used as the width of the test piece, and this length shall be measured as specified in clause 10 of JIS K 6250 to the nearest 0.05 mm.

    12.2 Ring-shaped test piece The width and thickness of the ring-shaped test piece shall be measured at six ap-

    proximately equally spaced positions around the ring. The median of each set of mea-surements shall be used in calculating the area of the cross-section. The inside diameter shall be measured to the nearest 0.1 mm. The internal circumference and the mean circumference shall be obtained according to the following equation.

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  • 12 K 6251: 2010

    Ci=nXH

    Cm=n x (H+ W) where, Ci = internal circumference (mm)

    H = inside diameter (mm) Cm = mean circumference (mm) W = width of ring (mm)

    12.3 Median thickness If two groups of test pieces (either dumb-bells or rings) are being compared, the

    median thickness of each group shall be within 7.5 % of the median thickness of the two groups.

    In anyone ring-shaped test piece, none of the thickness measurements shall differ by not less than 2 % from the median thickness.

    13 Procedure

    13.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece The test piece shall be attached to the tensile testing machine ensuring that the

    end tabs thereof are gripped symmetrically so that the tensile force is distributed uni-formly over the cross-section. If necessary, the extensometer shall be set. The test-ing machine shall be activated and the change of gauge length and the change of force shall be monitored throughout the test to an accuracy according to the required prop-erties or within 1 %.

    The nominal rate of traverse of the grip shall be 500 mm/min 50 mmlmin for dumb--------- ------------

    ~~~_l_~~_J:l:~J?~~_~~r~}~_~_~~~~?_~~_~~~~~J?~~ __ ~yJ?~_~? dumb-bell-shaped type 3, dumb-bell-shaped type 5 and dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test pieces, and 200 mmlmin~_?g_ mmlmin for dumb-bell-shaped type 7 and dumb-bell-shaped type 8 test pieces.

    Any test piece that broke outside the gauges or yields outside the narrow portion shall be discarded, and the test shall be repeated on an additional test piece.

    13.2 Ring-shaped test piece The test piece shall be attached with a minimum of tensile force around the two

    pulleys. The testing machine shall be activated and the change of transverse distance of pulley and the change of force shall be monitored throughout the test to an accu-racy according to the required properties or within 1 %.

    The nominal rate of traverse pulley shall be 500 mm/min _~_~Q mm/min for ring-shaped type 1 test pieces and 100 mm/min 10 mm/min for ring-shaped type 2 test pieces.

    The diameter of a pulley, when a ring-shaped test piece is attached, shall 25 mm for ring-shaped type 1 test pieces and 4.5 mm for ring-shaped type 2 test pieces.

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  • 13 K 6251: 2010

    13.3 Measurement for obtaining tensile strength, tensile stress at break and elongation at break

    For the purpose of obtaining tensile strength and tensile stress at break, the maxi-mum tensile force and the tensile force at break until the test piece broke shall be measured as specified in 7.4. In the case of dumb-bell-shaped test piece, the elonga-tion at break shall be obtained by measuring the gauge length when it broke by the suitable means. In the case of ring-shaped test piece, the elongation at break shall be obtained by measuring the distance between two grips which is equal to the traverse distance of the centre of pulley at break.

    13.4 Measurement for obtaining tensile stress at a given elongation In the case of dumb-bell-shaped test piece, the tensile stress at a given elongation

    shall be obtained by reading the tensile force when the distance between gauges has reached to the given distance by the suitable means. In the case of ring-shaped test piece, the tensile stress at a given elongation shall be obtained by reading the tensile force when the distance between two grips has reached to the given distance.

    13.5 Measurement for obtaining tensile stress at yield and elongation at yield The tensile stress at yield and the elongation at yield shall be obtained by mea-

    suring the tensile force and the gauge length at the first point where tensile force does not increase but elongation increases as specified in 7.4. For the measurement, a re-corder capable of recording the tensile force-elongation curve or a device capable of mea-suring the tensile force and elongation automatically shall be required.

    14 Temperature of test The test shall be carried out as specified in 6.1 of JIS K 6250. When other tem-

    peratures are required, these should be selected from 11.2.2 of JIS K 6250. The same temperature shall be used throughout anyone test or series of tests in-

    tended for the comparison.

    15 Calculation of results

    15.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test piece The tensile strength TS (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equa-

    tion (1).

    TS = Fm ............................................................................ (1) Wt

    The tensile strength at break TSb (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equation (2).

    Fb TSb =- ........................................................................... (2) Wt The elongation at break Eb (%) shall be calculated according to the following equa-

    tion (3).

    Eb = Lb -Lo xiOO .............................................................. (3) Lo

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  • 14 K 6251: 2010

    The stress at a given elongation Se (MPa) shall be calculated according to the fol-lowing equation (4).

    S = Fe ............................................................................ (4) C Wt

    The elongation at a given stress Es (%) shall be calculated according to the follow-ing equation (5).

    E = Ls - Lo x 100 ............................................................... (5) S L

    o

    The value of force Fe (N) corresponding to the required stress shall be calculated according to the following equation (6).

    Fe = SeWt .......................................................................... (6)

    The tensile stress at yield Sy (MPa) shall be calculated form the force recorded at yield according to the following equation (7).

    Fy S =- ...................................................... (7) y Wt

    The elongation at yield Ey (%) shall be calculated according to the following equa-tion (8).

    L -L E = y 0 x 100 .............................................................. (8) y Lo

    where, Fb : Fe :

    Fm:

    Fy :

    La: Lb : Ls :

    Ly :

    Se : t :

    W:

    15.2 Ring-shaped test piece

    force at break (N) force at given strain (N) maxim urn force (N) force at yield (N) initial gauge length (mm) gauge length at break (mm) gauge length at given stress (mm) gauge length at yield (mm) stress at given elongation (MPa) thickness of narrow position (mm) width of narrow portion of punching die (mm)

    The tensile strength TS (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equa-tion (9).

    TS = Fm .......................................................................... (9) 2Wt

    The tensile strength at break TSb (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equation (10).

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  • 15 K 6251: 2010

    Fb TSb =- ......................................................................... (10) 2Wt The elongation at break Eb (%) shall be calculated according to the following equa-

    tion (11). nd+2Lb -Cj Eb = x 100 ....................................................... (11)

    Cj

    The tensile stress at a given elongation Se (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equation (12).

    S = Fe ........................................................................... (12) e 2Wt

    The distance between pulley centres (mm) corresponding to given elongation Le (mm) shall be calculated according to the following equation (13).

    L = CmEs + Cj -nd ............................................................ (13) e 200 2

    The elongation at a given stress Es (%) shall be calculated according to the follow-ing equation (14).

    E = 1td + 2Ls - Cj x 100 ........................................................ (14) s C

    m

    The value of force Fe (N) corresponding to the required stress shall be calculated according to the following equation (15).

    Fe = 2SeWt ........................................................................ (15)

    The tensile stress at yield Sy (MPa) shall be calculated according to the following equation (16).

    Fy Sy = 2Wt ........................................................................... (16)

    The elongation at yield Ey (%) shall be calculated according to the following equa-tion (17).

    1td +2Ly -Cj Ey = xl 00 ....................................................... (1 7) em

    where, C: initial internal circumference of ring (mm) Cm: initial mean circumference of ring (mm)

    d: diameter of pulley (mm) Es: elongation at given stress (%) Fb: force at break (N) Fe : force at given strain (N) Fm: maximum force (N) Fy: force at yield (N)

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  • 16 K 6251: 2010

    16 Expression of results

    Lb: distance between pulley centres at break (mm) Ls: distance between pulley centres at given stress

    (mm) Ly: distance between pulley centres at yield (mm) Se: stress at a given elongation (MPa) t: thickness of ring-shaped test piece (mm)

    W: width of ring-shaped test piece (mm)

    The tests shall be carried out for tensile strength, tensile stress at break, tensile stress at yield, tensile stress at given elongation, elongation at break and elongation at yield on at least 3 test pieces, and the median of respective values obtained by clause 15 shall be rounded as specified in JIS Z 8401.

    ----------------------

    The tensile strength and the tensile stress shall be expressed with three signifi-cant figures. The rounding range in such a case shall be that equivalent to the small-est place of significant figures. The elongation at break and the elongation at yield shall be expressed with 10 of rounding range.

    1 7 Test report The following items shall be included in the test report.

    a) the number of this Standard b) details of sample and test piece

    1) a full description of sample and test piece 2) compound details and moulding condition (vulcanized conditions, etc.) 3) a description of preparation for test pieces

    the method of preparation of test pieces (buffing, etc.), shape and dimensions of test piece

    the sampling direction of dumb-bell-shaped test piece relative to grain (if known) 4) the number of test pieces tested

    c) test details 1) test conditions (temperature of test, and humidity if necessary) 2) testing apparatus 3) any deviations from the specified measuring method 4) items not specified in this Standard and details of items that likely influence

    results

    d) test results, i.e., the median of properties determined as specified in clause 15 e) the date of test

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  • A.l General

    Annex A (informative) Precision

    17 K 6251: 2010

    The within-laboratory repeatability and the inter-laboratory reproducibility of this method were calculated as specified in ISO/TR 9272. Original data were treated for outliers at the 5 % and 2 % significance level on the basis of the procedures specified in ISO/TR 9272.

    A.2 Details of inter-laboratory reproducibility test programmes

    A.2.1 Two inter-laboratory test (ITP) programmes The first ITP in 2001 was as follows: Three different compounds of NR, SBR and EPDM were used for tensile tests. A

    test result for this test method was the average or median of five separate measure-ments of each of the properties as indicated in A.2.2. A total of 23 laboratories in eight countries participated in the programme.

    The second ITP in 2002 was as follows: One compound of NR was used for tensile tests. The compound formulation was

    the same as the NR compound used in the first ITP. A total of 17 laboratories in six countries participated in the programme.

    The fully vulcanized rubber test pieces were sent to each laboratory for evaluation in both ITPs. The composition of rubber compound used in test are shown in table A.5.

    A.2.2 Test properties The test properties to be measured were the tensile strength at break (TSb ), elongation at break (Eb), stress at 100 % elongation (SlOO) and stress at 200 % elongation (S200)

    A.2.3 Test pieces Three types of dumb-bell-shaped type 3 (Type 1A in ISO 37), dumb-bell-shaped type 5 (Type 1 in ISO 37) and dumb-bell-shaped type 6 (Type 2 in ISO 37) were tested.

    The dumb-bell-shaped type 5 was tested with two initial gauge lengths of 20 mm and 25 mm in the first ITP, but for the second ITP, only test pieces with the gauge length of 25 mm were tested.

    A.3 Precision results The calculation results ofNR, SBR and EPDM of the first ITP are shown in table A.1,

    table A.2 and table A.3. Also, the calculation results of NR of the second ITP are shown in table A.4.

    Symbols used in these tables are as follows. r = within-laboratory repeatability in measurement unit (r) = within-laboratory repeatability in percent (relative value) R = inter-laboratory reproducibility in measurement unit (R) = inter-laboratory reproducibility in percent (relative value)

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  • 18 K 6251: 2010

    Table A.I Precision for NR compound (first ITP) Property Dumb-bell shape/gauge length Median Within-laboratory Inter-laboratory

    N= 23 x 2 = 46 repeatabili ty rep rod ucibili ty

    r (r) R (R) TSb Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 34.88 0.67 1.91 2.63 7.54

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 34.25 1.10 3.20 3.35 9.79 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 34.17 1.53 4.47 2.49 7.29 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 31.93 1.25 3.93 2.85 8.94

    Eh Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 687 29.9 4.35 57.8 8.41 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 671 42.1 6.28 57.2 8.52 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 670 66.3 9.89 63.1 9.41 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 651 29.9 4.60 60.5 9.29

    S100 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 1.89 0.07 3.90 0.28 14.81 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 1.83 0.18 10.00 0.36 19.50 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 1.86 0.12 6.73 0.32 17.24 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 1.84 0.15 8.33 0.40 21.95

    S200 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 4.58 0.38 8.25 0.70 15.26 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 4.49 0.45 10.08 0.85 18.97 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 4.42 0.52 11.82 0.77 17.36 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 4.39 0.39 8.79 0.87 19.85

    Table A.2 Precision for SBR compound (first ITP) Property Dumb-bell shape/gauge length Median Within-laboratory Inter-laboratory

    N= 23 x 2 = 46 repeatabili ty rep rod ucibili ty r (r) R (R)

    TSh Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 24.70 1.01 4.11 2.38 9.65 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 24.87 1.48 5.94 2.12 8.53 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 24.60 1.17 4.74 2.58 10.47 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 24.38 1.52 6.22 2.84 11.65

    Eh Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 459 13.9 3.04 41.1 8.96 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 457 29.3 6.40 39.0 8.53 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 458 31.4 6.85 31.6 6.90 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 462 32.9 7.12 48.2 10.43

    SIOO Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 2.65 0.10 3.87 0.43 16.15 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 2.64 0.20 7.46 0.51 19.47 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 2.61 0.20 7.52 0.41 15.75 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 2.66 0.24 9.11 0.57 21.30

    S200 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 7.81 0.45 5.74 1.00 12.79 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 7.76 0.59 7.62 1.28 16.52 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 7.74 0.47 6.08 0.94 12.15 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 7.68 0.56 7.31 1.48 19.25

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  • Property

    TSb

    Eh

    S100

    S200

    Property

    TSh

    Eb

    SlOO

    S200

    19 K 6251: 2010

    Table A.3 Precision for EPDM compound (first ITP) Dumb-bell shape/gauge length Median Within-laboratory Inter-laboratory

    N= 23 x 2 = 46 repeatabili ty reproducibility

    r (r) R (R) Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 14.77 0.65 4.39 1.87 12.65 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 14.51 1.13 7.78 2.01 13.83 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 14.59 1.57 10.76 2.22 15.20 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 14.50 1.20 8.26 2.14 14.74 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 471 20.2 4.28 39.2 8.34 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 470 22.2 4.71 32.4 6.90 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 474 33.8 7.13 44.5 9.38 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 475 21.9 4.60 42.4 8.93 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 2.40 0.09 3.87 0.29 12.04 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 2.33 0.21 8.99 0.36 15.32 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 2.30 0.18 7.61 0.32 13.94 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 2.39 0.17 7.21 0.32 13.52 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 5.20 0.22 4.22 0.46 8.84 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/20 mm 5.11 0.35 6.87 0.65 12.80 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 5.05 0.25 4.88 0.62 12.35 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 5.08 0.27 5.24 0.71 14.04

    Table A.4 Precision for NR compound (second ITP) Dumb-bell shape/gauge length Median Within-laboratory Inter-laboratory

    N= 17 x 2 = 34 repeatabili ty reproducibility

    r (r) R (R) Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 33.13 1.19 3.60 2.71 8.17 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 32.26 1.86 5.76 2.21 6.84 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 34.75 1.53 4.41 4.04 11.63 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 665 22.94 3.45 83.52 12.56 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 640 27.26 4.26 54.44 8.50 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 683 30.80 4.51 94.49 13.83 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 1.78 0.13 7.06 0.22 12.19 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 1.74 0.13 7.29 0.32 18.17 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 1.83 0.20 11.08 0.30 16.18 Dumb-bell-shaped type 3/20 mm 4.35 0.21 4.78 0.87 20.11 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5/25 mm 4.27 0.32 7.42 1.10 25.81 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6/20 mm 4.31 0.44 10.31 1.03 23.91

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  • 20 K 6251: 2010

    Table A.5 Composition of rubber compound used in test Unit: phr

    Compound (1) NR Compound (2) SBR Compound (3) EPDM Natural rubber (RSS#l) 100 SBR 1502 100 EPDM (JSR EP24) 100 HAF carbon black (N330) 35 HAF carbon black (N330) 50 HAF carbon black (N330) 80 Zinc oxide 5 Zinc oxide 3 Zinc oxide 5

    Stearic acid 2 Stearic acid 1 Stearic acid 1

    Antioxidant 6PPD a) 2 Antioxidant 6PPD a) 2 Paraffin oil (PW-90) 50 Antioxidant TMDQ b) 2 Antioxidant TMDQ b) 2 Antioxidant TMDQ b) 2 Antioxidant wax 1 Antioxidant wax 1 Accelerator TMTD d) 1

    Accelerator TBBS c) 0.7 Accelerator TBBS c) 1 Accelerator MBT e) 0.5

    Sulfur 2.25 Sulfur 1.75 Sulfur 1.5

    Total 149.95 Total 161.75 Total 241

    Notes a) N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylendiamine b) 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer c) N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide d) Tetramethylthiuram disulfide e) 2-merca ptobenzothiazole

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  • Annex B (informative)

    21 K 6251: 2010

    Analysis of ITP data and dumb-bell shape

    B.t General This Annex considers the performance of different dumb-bell shapes including the

    dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece that was measured through the ITP programmes. The dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece is a new addition to the corresponding Inter-national Standard (ISO 37), but it has been in use in Japan and other countries for many years.

    Inter-laboratory repeatability in ITP showed that the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece has advantages over the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece and the dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test piece of better repeatability and, particularly, lower incidence of breaks outside the test length. The finite-element analysis demonstrated that the strain distribution in the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece is more uniform, which probably accounts for its improved performance.

    The values of tensile stress-strain properties determined with the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece are very similar to those obtained with the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece, but they cannot be expected to be identical in all cases.

    The dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece has similar overall dimensions to the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece and can be considered as an alternative; however, it has not replaced the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece because of the huge bank of data obtained.

    B.2 Three variances for three-factor fully-nested experiments In the comparison of the precision calculated as specified in ISO/TR 9272, R is an

    indicator of the variance between laboratories (aL2), and the r is an indicator of the total variance (on2 + 0ivr2 ) for a particular laboratory, made up of the variance between the measurement days (aD2) and the variance due to measurement errors (0ivr2 ). In order to analyse on2 and aM2 separately, it is enough to make an estimate of each component of the variance by the so-called three-factor fully-nested experiments specified in ISO 5725-3.

    The estimate of each component of the variance in the measurements in the sec-ond ITP are shown in table B.1 and table B.2.

    Table B.t Estimate of each component of variance according to average of three-factor fully-nested experiments for tensile strength in second ITP

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6

    OL2 (0.80)2 (0.60)2 ( 1.80)2

    OD2 (0.17)2 (0.67)2 (0.54)2

    OM2 (1.04)2 (1.60)2 (1.08)2

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  • 22 K 6251: 2010

    Table B.2 Estimate of each component of variance according to average of three-factor fully-nested experiments for elongation at break in second ITP

    Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 Dumb-bell-shaped type 5 Dumb-bell-shaped type 6

    OL2 (24.3)2 (20.4)2 (43.7)2

    OD2 (28.6)2 (13.6)2 (21.9)2

    OM2 (19.3)2 (28.1)2 (19.3)2

    Of the three variances, the variance due to measurement errors (0ivr2 ) is the most important for the dumb-bell-shaped test pieces. Other variances (OL2 and OD2) are influenced by many factors other than the shape of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces.

    It is shown that OM2 is smallest for dumb-bell-shaped type 3, which means that the measurement precision is the best with this shape of dumb-bell-shaped test pieces.

    B.3 Analysis of test pieces that broke

    B.3.I Number of test pieces that broke outside gauges Figure B.1 shows the numbers of test pieces that broke outside the gauges. For

    each dumb-bell-shaped test piece, 230 test pieces were tested, as 23 laboratories each tested five test pieces on two test days.

    y 160

    140

    120

    100

    80

    60

    40

    20

    0 A B

    NR C ABC

    SBR Y number of test pieces that broke outside gauges A dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece B dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece C dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test piece

    ABC EPDM

    Figure B.I Number of test pieces that broke outside gauges (First ITP -total of 230 of each shape of test piece)

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  • 23 K 6251: 2010

    In the case of the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test pieces made of NR compound with a 20 mm gauge length, 159 test pieces broke outside the gauges which corresponds to about 70 %. Also in the case of the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test pieces with a 25 mm gauge length, about 60 % of the test pieces broke outside the gauges. In the case of the dumb-bell-shaped type 6, it was about 47%. However, in the case of the dumb-bell-shaped type 3, only 13 % of the test pieces broke outside the gauges.

    With SBR and EPDM, the probability of breaking outside the gauges for the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 is also considerably smaller than for the other dumb-bell-shaped test pIeces.

    B.3.2 Relationship between proportion of test pieces that broke outside gauges and tensile energy

    The relationship between the proportion of test pieces that broke outside the gauges and the tensile energy (product of tensile strength at break and elongation at break) was also investigated. NR test pieces differing in the volume of carbon black they contained were prepared, and their TSb and Eb were measured. The proportion of test pieces that broke outside the gauges was observed. Figure B.2 shows the results of this experiment.

    y

    100

    80

    60

    40

    20

    o

    2

    1 0 000 to 1 3 000 to 13000 16000

    X TSh X Eh (MPa %)

    16 000 to lq 000 to 22 000 to lq 000 22 000 25 000

    Y percentage of test pieces that broke outside gauges 1 dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece 2 dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece 3 dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test piece

    x

    Figure B.2 Relation between percentage of test pieces that broke outside gauges and tensile energy (TS b x E b )

    As the value of the tensile energy increased, the proportion of test pieces that broke outside the gauges increased. At values of the tensile energy of not exceeding 20 000 MPa %, most of the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test pieces broke inside the test length.

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  • 24 K 6251: 2010

    B.4 Finite-element analysis A finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted on part of the test pieces. Figure B.3

    shows the strain distribution. The analysis of the strain distribution shows that the highest strain area appears

    near the edge of the dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece and the dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test piece. This observation coincides with the results of the tensile testing described in clause B.3.

    On the other hand, for the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece, the strain near the edge is at the same level as in the central area, which means the dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece has a relatively uniform strain distribution.

    Small

    Strain

    a) Dumb-bell-shaped type 3 test piece

    Large

    b) Dumb-bell-shaped type 5 test piece

    c) Dumb-bell-shaped type 6 test piece

    Figure B.3 Example of strain distribution obtained by finite-element method

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  • Bibliography

    25 K 6251: 2010

    ISO 5725-3 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and re-sults-Part 3: Intermediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method

    ISO/TR 9272 Rubber and rubber products-Determination of precision for test method standards

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    Annex JA (informative) Comparison table between JIS and corresponding International Standard

    JIS K 6251 :2010 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastics-Determination of tensile ISO 37 : 2005 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic-Determination stress-strain properties of tensile stress-strain properties

    (I) Requirements in JIS (II) Inter- (III) Requirements in (IV) Classification and details of (V) Justification for the national International Standard technical deviation between JIS and technical deviation and Standard the International Standard by clause future measures number

    No. and title Content Clause Content Classifi- Detail of technical of clause No. cation by deviation

    clause

    5 General Addition The dumb-bell-shaped The dumb-bell-shaped type 1 and the dumb-bell- type 1 and the dumb-bell-shaped type 2 used in the shaped type 2 are left rubber industry of Japan because they are referred are added. in other JISs; however, the

    6 Test piece 6.1 Dumb-bell-shaped test Addition Requirements on dumb- deletion of dumb-bell-sha ped type 1 and the piece bell-shaped type 1 and dumb-bell-shaped type 2 dumb-bell-shaped type 2 will be considered.

    are added. 6.3 Selection of test pieces Addition Notes on testing are

    added.

    7 Testing 7.1 Punching die and 6 Addition The dumb-bell-shaped The dumb-bell-shaped apparatus cutter type 1 and the dumb-bell- type 1 and the dumb-bell-

    shaped type 2 are added. shaped type 2 are left because they are referred in other JISs, however, the deletion of dumb-bell-sha ped type 1 and the dumb-bell-shaped type 2 will be considered.

    7.4 Tensile testing Addition An explanation on grips is Added for helping under-machine added as 7.4.2. standing. There is no

    technical deviation.

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    (I) Requirements in JIS (II) Inter- (III) Requirements in (IV) Classification and details of (V) Justification for the national International Standard technical deviation between JIS and technical deviation and Standard the International Standard by clause future measures number

    No. and title Content Clause Content Classifi- Detail of technical of clause No. cation by deviation

    clause

    13 Procedure 13.1 Dumb-bell-shaped Addition Requirements on dumb- The dumb-bell-shaped test piece bell-shaped type 1 and type 1 and the dumb-bell-

    dumb-bell-shaped type 2 shaped type 2 are left are added. because they are referred

    in other JISs; however, the deletion of dumb-bell-shaped type 1 and the dumb-bell-shaped type 2 will be considered.

    13.2 Ring-shaped test Addition Requirements on pulley Will be proposed to ISO. piece diameter are added. 13.3 Measurement for Addition Added as requirements of Will be proposed to ISO. obtaining tensile strength, JIS. tensile stress at break and elongation at break 13.4 Measurement for Addition Added as requirements of Will be proposed to ISO. obtaining tensile stress at JIS. a given elongation 13.5 Measurement for Addition Added as requirements of Will be proposed to ISO. obtaining tensile stress at JIS. yield and elongation at yield

    Overall degree of correspondence between JIS and International Standard (ISO 37: 2005): MOD NOTE 1 Symbols in sub-columns of classification by clause in the above table indicate as follows:

    - Addition: Adds the specification item(s) or content(s) which are not included in International Standard. NOTE 2 Symbol in column of overall degree of correspondence between JIS and International Standard in the above table indicates as follows:

    - MOD: Modifies International Standard.

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  • Errata for JIS (English edition) are printed in Standardization and Quality Control, published monthly by the Japanese Standards Association, and also provided to subscribers of JIS (English edition) in Monthly Information. Errata will be provided upon request, please contact: Standards Publishing Department, Japanese Standards Association 4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN TEL. 03-3583-8002 FAX. 03-3583-0462

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