jindřich duras vltava river authority czech republicvltava river authority czech republic nitrates...

NITRATES COMPLICATE NITRATES COMPLICATE MANAGEMENT OF MANAGEMENT OF

RESERVOIRS AND THEIR RESERVOIRS AND THEIR DRAINAGE BASINSDRAINAGE BASINS

JindJindřřich DURAS ich DURAS Vltava Vltava RiverRiver AuthorityAuthority CzechCzech RepublicRepublic

NITRATES NITRATES –– dangerousdangerous?!?!

HealthHealth threatthreat!!

KeyKey nutrientnutrient for for blueblue--greensgreens!!!!

ONLY IN HIGH ONLY IN HIGH CONCENTRATONSCONCENTRATONS

USUALLY NOTUSUALLY NOT

StrongStrong effortsefforts to to eliminateeliminate NONO33--

TheThe role for role for bufferingbuffering ofof redoxredoxconditionsconditions isis largelylargely ignoredignored

NITRATES NITRATES –– redoxredox bufferbuffer

OO2 2 consumptionconsumption

MnMnIIIIII--IV IV MnMnIIIIDENITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION

NONO33--NN NN22

FeFeIIIIII FeFeIIII

+ P!!!+ P!!!00

EEhh

++

--

ReductionReduction processesprocesses

CHANGES AFTER 1989CHANGES AFTER 1989

DecreaseDecrease ofof agricultureagriculture –– 50 % 50 % cutcut ofoffertilizersfertilizers, , reductionreduction ofof arablearable landland areaarea

ImprovementImprovement ofof wastewaste--waterwater treatmenttreatment ––oftenoften withwith N N andand lesserlesser withwith P P removalremoval

EliminationElimination ofof organicorganic pollutionpollution andand overalloveralldecreasedecrease ofof nutrientnutrient concentrationsconcentrations in in riversrivers..

ResultResult::

Foto: V. Foto: V. ŠŠoltysoltys

PRAHAPLZEN

LOCALITIESLOCALITIES

HRACHOLUSKY:

ZLUTICE:

40 mil. m3, 3.63 km2, depth - 25 m

11.5 mil. m3, 1.41 km2, depth - 20 m

HRT: 50 days in Summer 200 days

HRT: 130 days in Summer 300 days

EUTROPHICRecreation

SlightlyEUTROPHICDrinking water

HRACHOLUSKY HRACHOLUSKY -- INFLOWINFLOW

0

2

4

6

67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03

mg.

l-1

Annual mean

Summer mean (IV.-IX.)

NO3-N

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

I III V VII IX XI

mg.

l-1

NO3-N, 2004

2004

HRACHOLUSKY 2004HRACHOLUSKY 2004


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2

Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Pritok

MayMay

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


JuneJune

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


JulyJuly

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


AugustAugust

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


SeptemberSeptember

OO22

NONO33--NN



MayMay

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


JuneJune

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2

Hraz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov PritokJulyJuly

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


AugustAugust

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2

Hráz Radost Sil. most Zel. most Butov Prítok

r. km-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


r. km-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

SeptemberSeptember

-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


FeFe tottot..

P P tottot..



-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


22.9

26.5

31.9

36.2

40.3

43.2


r. km-20 m

-15 m

-10 m

-5 m

0 m

AugustAugust

SeptemberSeptember

August 1999August 1999

ZLUTICE ZLUTICE -- INFLOWINFLOW

0

2

4

6

73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06

mg.

l-1

Annual Mean

Summer mean (IV.-IX.)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

mg.

l-1

NO3-N

NO3-N, 2004

2004Fish ponds

ZLUTICEZLUTICE20042004

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

19991999

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

Temperature

Diss. O2 mg.l-1

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

Mn tot. mg.l-1

ZLUTICEZLUTICE20042004 19991999

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

NO3-N mg.l-1

Fe tot. mg.l-1

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

P tot. mg.l-1

ŽŽLUTICELUTICE

490

495

500

505

14.4. 18.5. 24.6. 12.7. 19.8. 20.9.

20042004 19991999

490

495

500

505

21.4. 10.5. 10.6. 19.7. 12.8. 9.9. 5.10.

WoronichiniaWoronichinia naegeliananaegeliana

2003

100

1000

10000

1000008.

1.

19.2

.

26.3

.

29.4

.

4.6.

16.7

.

26.8

.

8.10

.

19.1

1.

buňk

y.m

l-1

ZLUTICEZLUTICE––WATERWORKSWATERWORKSrawraw waterwater, cell , cell countscounts ofof

W. W. naegeliananaegeliana

2005

11.1

.

13.2

.

29.3

.

3.5.

6.6.

19.7

.

23.8

.

29.9

.

1.11

.

6.12

.

2004

100

1000

10000

100000

6.1.

18.2

.

31.3

.

5.5.

30.6

.

11.8

.

5.10

.

10.1

1.

15.1

2.

buňk

y.m

l-1

LIPNO RESERVOIRLIPNO RESERVOIR

Area: 48.5 kmArea: 48.5 km22, volume: 300 mil. m, volume: 300 mil. m33

Max. Max. andand meanmean depthdepth: 21 : 21 andand 6.2 m6.2 mUnstableUnstable stratificationstratification withwith temporarytemporaryanoxicanoxic conditionsconditions nearnear thethe bottombottomSummerSummer NONO33--N = 0.1N = 0.1-- 0.5 mg.l0.5 mg.l--11

EasyEasy FeFe + P + P releaserelease fromfrom sedimentssediments....……more P more P forfor fytoplankton (fytoplankton (bloomsblooms ofofMicrocystisMicrocystis))……lowerlower P P retentionretention in in thethe reservoirreservoir

Nitrate deficits may cause higher chlorophyllconcentrations than expected

by Hejzlar et al., 2000

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS


TheThe „„nutrientnutrient““ conceptconcept shouldshould bebe revisedrevised::WasteWaste waterwater treatmenttreatment processesprocesses shouldshould bebeaimedaimed more more atat P P eliminationelimination..EliminationElimination ofof N N shouldshould bebe appliedapplied reasonablyreasonably, , despitedespite financialfinancial sourcessources are are accessibleaccessible..DenitrificationDenitrification in in watershedswatersheds shouldshould bebe regulatedregulatede.g. via e.g. via betterbetter management management ofof fishfish pondsponds. .

SummerSummer nitratenitrate concentrationsconcentrations decreaseddecreased in in somesomereservoirreservoir inflowsinflows to to thethe extentextent thatthat massivemassive releaserelease ofofFeFe andand P P fromfrom sedimentssediments occuredoccured andand waterwater bloomsbloomswerewere supportedsupported. .

jindřich duras vltava river authority czech republicvltava river authority czech republic nitrates...

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