jim tang, ph.d. · ipcc, 2001 ipcc, 2001 60 pg 4 55 5.4 88 120 90 global carbon cycling ? 2.4 unit:...
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![Page 1: Jim Tang, Ph.D. · IPCC, 2001 IPCC, 2001 60 Pg 4 55 5.4 88 120 90 Global carbon cycling ? 2.4 Unit: Billion ton](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071112/5fe80133caf2367b864ea445/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What Can Tea Bags in Salt Marshes
Tell Us About Climate Change?
Jim Tang, Ph.D. Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole
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Funding:
NOAA/National Estuarine Research Reserve
System Science Collaborative (BWM1 and BWM2)
Collaborators:
Faming Wang, Kevin Kroeger, Omar Abdul-Aziz,
Serena Moseman-Valtierra,, Meagan Gonneea, Kate
Morkeski, Jordan Mora, Joanna Carey, Tonna-Marie
Surgeon-Rogers, James Rassman, Chris Weidman
Acknowledgements
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IPCC, 2001 IPCC, 2001
55 4 60 Pg 5.4
88
120
90
Global carbon cycling
?
2.4 Unit: Billion ton
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G lobal m ean tem perature anom aly
(re la tive to 1961-1990 m ean)
Y ear
1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Te
mp
era
ture
(oC
)
-0 .6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Atm ospheric CO2 record
from Mauna Loa
Y ear
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
pp
m)
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
Carbon-climate-ecosystems-Earth system
Carbon
cycle
Climate
change:
warming,
sea level,
storms
Ecosystems
Earth system processes
and modeling
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Coastal blue carbon
Tang et al. 2018.
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + heat
Calcification: Ca2+ + 2HCO3- ↔ CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
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Therefore,
• to understand and predict climate change,
we need to understand the carbon cycle;
• to mitigate climate change, we need to
increase carbon uptake (the negative
carbon emissions), where coastal salt
marsh plays an important role.
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Negative Emissions Technologies (NET)
Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon
Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
http://nas-sites.org/dels/studies/cdr/
US NAS 2018, Negative Emissions Technologies
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CH4
GPP
C stocks
R
N
F(L)
Carbon cycling components
CH4
GPP
C stocks
R F(L)
restore
Tang et al. Unpublished
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In-situ GHG
Chamber flux
measurement for
salt marsh
CO2/CH4 Analyzer
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Flux measurement for
Phragmites
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Blue carbon monitoring system
CO2 & CH4 Fluorescence
Camera
Weather system
Yang, Tang, et al. 2015 Geo. Res. Letter; Yang, Tang, et al. 2017, Global Change
Biology; Lu at al. 2018 Agri. For. Met.; Lu et al. 2018a,b, Remote Sensing
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Use 210Pb to date sediment cores (Gonneea et al.)
Long sediment cores
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Tea
decomposition
experiment:
to understand the
decomposition
rate of organic
carbon
Djukic et al. 2018
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Djukic et al. 2018
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Tang et al. 2016
Ecosphere
Using Cameras to record leaf phenology
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Gre
en
ne
ss
Day of the year
Quiescence
Senescence
Bud-break
Full canopy
Leaf Abscission
October January April July
Summer Spring Winter Autumn
Courtesy of Jeremy Fisher
Leaf phenology vs. carbon (i.e. GPP)
GPP
Phenology
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CO2 and CH4 fluxes
in the pristine site
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Flu
x (
mol m
-2s-1
)
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
NEP
GPP
R
DOY
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Flu
x (
nm
ol m
-2s-1
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
CH4
CH4(4)
GPP
(773)
C stocks
R(394) F(L) (215)
NECB (160)
Tang et al. unpublished
(gC m-2y-1 )
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Dike
Degraded marsh
Case study: Herring River wetland
restoration project
Natural
marsh
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161
54
135
0
40
80
120
160
200
Saltmarsh PhragmitesBrackish TyphaMarsh
CBurialRate
(gCm
-2yr-1)
60.00
9,150.00
75.00
1
10
100
1000
10000
Saltmarsh PhragmitesBrackish TyphaMarsh
CO2-equavalentCH4emission
(gCO2-Cm
-1yr-1)
Net CO2 uptake
CH4 emissions
C from
different
ecosystems
Salt marsh:
100-200 gC
m-2y-1)
Wang et al. in review
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Blue Carbon Credit
Carbon credit =
Carbon storage after human intervention -
Carbon storage baseline
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• We use gas analyzers, cameras, and
tea bag experiments to understand the
carbon cycle.
• We found that the coastal wetland is a
significant carbon sink (blue carbon).
• Restoration increased carbon
sequestration and decreased CH4
fluxes.
Conclusions
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IPCC, 2001 IPCC, 2001
55 4 60 Pg 5.4
88
120
90
Global carbon cycling 2.4
Unit: Billion ton