if 10(' I~ _lJlf\ _lui 1\"i1linll' 10 toml'Cte wilhIhtl t1olll('ttlt ..OIl(\l'10lll 011 Ihe Itali.u mar·kl't .n,l 10 I"." Ibtl luflalt'li l'ri«'8 aJIk~ for.11.... rJlT't"r ltl'lIl. ,,"ill Itt' unl ('ud all in fro­.tralion. ~.I.I i. a 'er.... illierelltiug a"dJllltlldhl' firM fur lhto f'Ol~lor. !tut andl'TII... 1'1'....111 l'UudiliolL••"e~ 0111,. ...Id.. toJi .p ••y HlN to KO M!oi.." hlto ii, 8­«"I'l ..b(oa _ ...k('t _Ilf''' lite ....r aaod hiwilliag t.o "'Ilf'n I il lib a d..-.ak~ .Hor.Ol",,,,,~ it ......... ad ...iMble 10 ..-ail IlIIIiI..OIOdirio!q ..ill "&"1(1". n.e pbilalelie t.

II"" ..a. "L,o .... ad_~ to nar a1l"J"frIMM tltf' fidd 1«._ it ..... '- ..IhoI'crDalllr l"r...."lr'll"' lor .ble It.lia. nu­<lMlI "Ilh I~ "Jlf""Plion or tllf' III't'-StJllllPI"'riod-tbal IlOf'r __Id oalr 8", d~

_pl",""t_,- f ... '''I' anI"r.XXXV. NETHEllAHDS

n... Io;'nl(d._ .r I .\-,.'Juor....u--XN-""1a1M! n. IIOf' INI ~ .r il i.lla...ilaata-. __ .f , -I1rr _trial .f

W 1m t:•..,.... ","",piG ...~ ter­ril"",," ."_1 ,......, ..riroI 01. IIw ri~

Rbi_. )ba,. -.I _Idr. ~ Sortlof...- t_ . I..... ....~ bonk-nflf ,.........,,,.••i'li • "D.bt:r of b~blaa.1 i. tliw d"lt. or Ille mu- .... )f<I..U

... ,",U .. a ('bi••f ~Ier 1a1Mb. t.IIoe.'';'1&11 bb..I •• i. thor 1I"r1.... To 1__tit..

rll.. :\"Il~rb...dli t~ .....l ..........1 OD Belgium. 1011fC' _I ".. thfo (k'nlUllI t'ollfeo.lf'n.tiooo.nanlt·l, 11M' KlnRd-. or lIauon'l' ill liteaortherll I..rt 1111,1 lhl.' Kiugdo.. Itt ['ruMb(fUliu.. I'ro,h!<'e AA,I ['rO"i_ of WHI­1,...lIa, hi Ihe IIUlllb til 1'"11. III 1866.IlAIIO'"(" "WI 11t"\'1l1t11' I·r_i:l.u_ The Gt'rlll#ul'oufl"I",allon WII~ Irllll.fonlletl inlo tbfo:-':ottl> lkrlllAlI l',,"r.~I,,·mti<m ill Il'I\ii Illldi"l., tIlt' (:"rlllall t:IIII,il? iu 1'11"1. The Art"ot lilt N..·I!l(>rla"fl, lrlt~ a littl<: mol' tban1:!.GlIO IIIIIUlrt' lUil,'... It ...111 dil·ill .....1 intotlt"'1'11 I'"" h..:t'l'. I1l1lUt'l,-frOIl1 1I0rih to~(Ill1h-~'rll...lalltl, Orunlnw.'ll, I)rtlillhe, 0 ..·('rijllM.·I, ~oor.l·lIo11uud, lltrl'l1i1I, Gehle,·Inud, 7,ulol.llo11lllld, Zet'lnnd, Xuort!·llrltblIlLt/lud 1.lmhuq:, '1'1l1' IJOllUl/lliulJ Wlill n!.lout;l~Ou,nno In 01.')3 lind :1;;~O,iIOO ill 18119.­Tho ""I,!tIlI, 71<" JlflUH(I ('Il (lta\"""hagc)hn'l I" I,m:t /I l'OI'ulnli"'l1 "r ""."1' 80,000aut! I" UIUIl ot IIhout OO,l}(}O. The I:lrgelll.. lt~'. A,...rndllll1, had 248,000 iuliltbiialltilin l/lli3 a"d :!03,OOO in 18611.

Th" JJa.'o"" of IIIl! Net.herlaudJl it Ii long0".... In art,. tim('ll. th" lerrilor,. "Ill ill­hlbit('d hy O..nllJllI tritN-o, maialy ~ Cal-

"

/l1·i/lll. lIn.1 th", }'rlllnll•• Till' rt'C:or,h~1 hill­I... r~" lilliI'Ll .. Ilh tIl<.' IIt'mllll in'u_i..." of thel{'rritOQ·. "h;..k OeJllUI I" 6i 11.('. ullOl"r.Iutilill ('11 r. Th... I..nilor:r t'llIlU' lIudt·rlI"m~" gon·rnur..J!II' III 11 B. ('•• l,u~ wallUUI in..0'1".... '"d Ililo II.., ROlltall Elul.ln·..-hid. t'On...id,·r•.,J IlK- IJatavi.a1lll Iher...\1 Ib,' t'lld or tLo" thi ...1 «'Dlllr,.. tbof' !,...

a Go l1MlIII C"-II at tril ...... ~.rtfll ta Iftlll'"ttlit' 11.'ITi1..ry. 10 tbP I.JIth ",lIllIr,. lboo,

_ert' i. I i.... of llo@ lItlw1"1I part•_l.ik Iw .·ri$ia.....1 < (Ot ...... C;''T·..air tril ,totll'~ .'If"tbl.'n 1"'1'1. "...r-..tlr," IIlut~1 ., part (If 11fC' d.'mai.ll

.of ,!of' ( noliulf"i.a. Iiill~ aud ""......1..11, l'rl'1aart.-aR...., ..110 ro.l~I .....1 1M 1"'I'"lati"1I10 _1...-.. nlri,tia.llily. ,.... U....lr .f ,"tl·

II." Cf43. 'x 1 tbr roaa'rr 10 I 1"eI!.

1.-.1 I_I'I .f t t:'l.ilT. It ('11_ rIi~. _IftrtWaip ..01 _taal1r (...--I

tw d.", uf L61r"" Lor,.., ..ldrll ...._ br>. ." into _II f..-tal 111..1_

~ "".lit.p Iwor_ 1_... UtI 9t1t a ..1 1"111 ~, • .,. t .... t<"rril....,. W1U

i ...ad....1 I., I.... XOf1~. ..be IIad~f..- adi_ria.... 1--.- fT' .f_lor ......Iwn ,.11" (h,1~ d.ri.IIlf t lit..~tar,. W1UI I'" I.rqi,. t_i..tN ...1180: ".ro... of ft'tldlll .t.I..... firml,. ,.1.·~1. INrillR tltat I...rio",. t.... tiN Iarlf""rili~ 'Kt',... ttlUaolf"t .a,1 Ioft._ lIft,,",fa!.10 t .... I~th •••1 l:'illr. ",... tar:r. t .... I",l'itt.r,rt:LII~ 1:...1...11;1" lIl..t,·r Iltl.' .I"mi"io" Of Ihl'holl>jt· Itf lIurl;lI",I"", irk kol I" tlotl Dlllfl"ratiOIl f)f tltt' .....111111" It." 'If"", of n1a .....lalfl"llnlld i"llf"rilnll"'''', I lIurlfulldin" h·rrltorr

1"-"''''111'' I'"rt vf tbe- Ihlh_!jllrlf rlll!'i.t lIi.-l1

:11 111111 till,,' "lao, ill..hadl't1 }ol'lli". a 1 t1,,'Xetll(rlaml, 1ll'T1' L1l1ih'll I.. I:Ha III ,hi",!rno:ll ellll,il'1", rul"'l hy (1tl1l'1r.. \. Hut al.though il ""~ o.i"illall, llOlllIlar. lIQOlI fl...·l·iug ugniusl Ihl' ~1'.lli~h rult,> bt:ot'allUI wioll'­~1'.I'I"I, lind until" tilt' 1... t1enhip ot WIlltllllof Ornnj.., II tit·,.... tlllllfllliti"n WaM orl/au·ir,,,,I. TIlUi Willi IUl'l lI.v II rule of IlliJitllrrlI'~!,Oli.lll" h." tl...• HIIlIllIRh, whi..h ""IU' r"'.Ilfllthy Will,'1Il or Onrujl' willi Itlt nrmr r.'<'rlli",,1;11 (;(,lIlUlllJ. '\ft~'r 1It'I'(lj'J11 ~"f'4IrI of tllfhl·iUJI, tlu, WO\'Ill('('>I turmh'l: \116 II.H·r Nl,'tI1·.'rln",l" J:lltlrlt'<1 111t,1. Indl'l...n",'nr III Il\illlind rll",.I;IIII .....1 th"IUII('I\"C!. 1111 II rl'l'ul.l1l.. ,Th" 11"lou or 111rN'lIt, l,y wllirh lilt' \,1'0\

illeCII '''(On! tOllfrdl'rlltf'(l. nUlIllu...1 in tf)ueror Ino.... Ihall 1"'0 bUlldrt'd Y('JI.rll. ,\ (''lullrilof Slall' "U Iltll ruliat;: butl!. bUI tilt' ftlllrralioll .... fi,..l11 tlltbrl' 100JIII 0 ...0'. la HiSI,

MERCURY STAMP JOURNAl.

nU :lll('!:inn~(' 10 ~pnlll wni rellllliinled, IIlhlIn th,' f ...lhnrlulC '·{·l' .... lloe ~~UHtry look<-il

r..r hell' from t'na"e~ .",1 EnRIII"(1. _"'IIIIl1ianr.· 1il'l\Jl fu"rilld''li ",ilb lht'lle t.·o tOUlO­

In,.. II' 1~9fl. .\ y",r tulifr, llot rintHutI'll w.nltt' I.. lilt' t:ll8t lud,..~ Imll tltut­",I. wbklo Ieol III tllto fl"ulUiJltiOQ or tbeHawb .:""1 1",lilI f'OIaJMIIY. ODe of tbe

a.... Df Illco t.t .. r w...lth ~r lbe f'OlInl:ry_Th· _nlry 1 I" d,·(".1 iu i",Iq_,lence,lui"" t r.llo iall'd.....drtl. F'runt hn'! em.Ill' ~t·th,·r""d.f 1il'", ian.lntI ill t_ nirtyYttl,..· W.,. Hat II'_~ """r;"MoI, ",1­

..."'" ill 0111..,. ..... ti,..·al'" w.. re ~.i""" aatl11.<- :'\Nl..-rt....I. bo'l':lIlI'" cu'"' of tke k'1ldial-:... \-.1 I..... " or the t~ , ..,.jill,: tbtl.....kool. IallJ'rialC~ bo·t..-- tbe 1toQe .f Or­••Jo' ....1 ....r:r I.r· b Itt 11K­....."Ir! ...!kt' t~ in"_ of d~ia'" Tko", ... f(MIlm i ti~ .-ltbts. Ikit;. riai.-" ..I to n. Tal _-flkt ... la two ....1'1I ..il11 ~laad (I~~

.... JIIG:i I. I'" n.I.... ... _.y 1'( dleit""Maial I __ ... Ole C'OIoay,.f ~l'lI' :'\.I~t..J.. ,,"111 iu ..apiLllI S_,\ 1<'1'<1 ~ ,......-.. S_ Y.nh.~ t_ flnl•. I. Itj:;~. tllor 11_ oJ Ono.je...... 1lI:~. I. fall I'"""" ..-..e. ~o.lIfta I U1 t_ .1:'••.......- (~lltai.-,::-.-aI) of

IJoe- I'llilla. TIor 1l:"n'ntOrsbip .... chda....-d"....edil.r.:r oud b....l. for fbi> _ ..rot'" ",.l.. lolilrl.. ~I. hili Will,,," III II~I rhildn.,111 II" 'q'lIhUr ..... r" .....I.hli.sMo:l iii J~~9_

III ... ri""f ........ lUI' f",tullf"IlI of tl,,' n:pub­lir dl.,lIlil~l. IOhirh Itil 10 Ib" IO!I$ of mltlll,,,IIIUil" I" 1;f,0, Wlilem ,~ or O,..ujeIK'ol'ltllll' ~ol ..rllor. I.ut Ill.' l'Ould not IItO"lit... d<'O'lilit' uf th,' rl'.,uhll... J)lIriug tit<­~lIloul'~lUk W"I1I. tl .. , c:'oulltr." 'fIaa o\,'rrtlllI>:r 0 .'rl'l,t'11 IIrll.lY ill li9... aud WiUem Yfit'll III t:uj::huIII. TIl<' Uot#\-i8.ll U<'-I.ublic

1O"tll f'IllllhlW.td In nll~ afU!r Iho'! t'rencll11I",,11'1 lUlli ulllh·t .'rt·lIrh l,ro'l'OcfOrlllt'. InL~UG. ~lIlj(lI<'(ln iullnllNI lIlt. lmlthl'r Loui.III l\illj:: lit llllllnml, but III IIUO ht' foreNIhim \II IIh,lIl'jlh', 1I1111 ,ho N('therhtllli. be·""Ull' II l'to\-inrll ot Ille t'rcnrll t:mpire.t·lr"r. tliv h·rrilory, lurhl1ling the uuthernI'MI, ",Ut ,li\"ldl11 Iu three 11'~Il.rt~"l('IIt.s,

"II Iud.' D:! (ElIf'lt ..l), D:t (Ileux N,'U'I'iI) :Hill,'J (.\ICII1I' Illf~rleurtl). FrcJlIl JlIlluliry I.I~ll lOU. Ilwrtl I\','rll Uilltl (lilmrtl-'llIl'll111. 118(ZU)llt·,......). IW (Ilollth~ dll In Me..",,),1:''(1 (Illlurh~ de I'Y_I). I:!I (V.-t SuJlt'-r·il'att'), I:!:! C.·r....). J:!3 (f;1ll! ~idt'1lt.l).

I:!j (UI}lll'h... tI,· n::w:.ut) aad 1:!6 (Roadies

tin Rloiul. The MII:ITh'lIIellt I:!I (t:llI~ Orl·l'urnl, III rt'lil time llllj(J 1",I"n,lrt'(l to tto"'selh..rhtmb: it Cit "'" ro lI.unler ill 1>1t,;,.\ftcr lhor: dU'Il'ufAlI of SallOl,',IOl. thl' ,'00'

J:re&l uf "it'lllllt do'l'lded 10 rtt"llI"li~lo 0

ulliu'fl ~_It of II,,, );I'lbt'fland.s, 'Il'b~b III

"1,,,10'l1 _1110 thl, ""lIlbo:r. l,uta (Iltolgiulu~ LllullIooll,tt'1 .hi.... bad bfor. ,.....t~1i., 1~;9. THo "'n of Wilk<_ \. cor OnI.j<I1_ Kiaa: of lhot Xrl..d ...hI at wm....1. lltal 1_ ilWl of tile! ••1"",", I'rorill·C'N rlid ItOl prtlY.. to the ..I....l..t' of tbc­_lItr,._ III I I, Itwy t'C!nlllfoil••1)1'I lhe

....1'"'"''''' Ki.~I"t:II fOf llt'lltill" 'fI-'" ","Ial•LaXl'Dl""""1C o~ ..oJ". i ..lrIk'l'MDI.bat .n;t.... to..- , """.1 1l1li'IlI .. iU. 1M Sib·",Ia.ds. '" i1kb .~ _p~ _1_1 tit t'"I""il",:", II( till' ........1 Datr" fl'J'IIl~i...WiUrta I alMlio:olt~1 i. )11"0 ...1 ...... _rl"f!'<kocI I..... Wi~ 1(: .-.kr i1" ,.),0. d.......

..ra!w ideu """".a_ "ie-t"..'" .... II _.

-titali_ ~tl;r liaited 1'" P"""ft .t I

hug.•\I't", 1M _til IJC WiI~ It io It1.I9,u.: _ WlIM. ill rs-e 1.,....: ... nJ..oI

dvilag tJtco ..'-Ir d:uIIe "'" prriaoLAs f. tlIe ,....., 11...", .f tM ~. tJor..

badJt. aItfoad.:r tI... R,,_ bd i-.t• rovW ~,bIat I .... _I;r- t .... It,,,.........1 _il 1A.t.n. IW -O&N. I. tilWaaoJ _ .uaatrriN ha,l l,ri...t .. -"'#o:'n fftC'tho-ir .ail. 10111 tl_.... lill •• ,.ulol­.....il "l'tTWot-. Only ill lile I,;Lb ft'IIUU" lli.1lbe fin-t I,.. of "~h ...r ...~ t-0I1)C! \W,hie, :after Ihl' T.... bll1il,. Witl u~l':."iao.~1

til(' fit'llt tnuIMuul:mutal llllIil ,out". rr"...H~u_hI 'U '-it'llll;l. It _b\! ttarri<.,J "n11uffidal lIIaii .1 (i ....'. I.ut l·oTI.l' in 11,(' Itltl,....utur.~. 'Ifl('r t·,..ud_ III' T..i. bad 100"OUIl! InlllC'riall (1t:· ...•...1 l'U11It.aa,t..,. Iht JOe, ..-io:e "'u not uol." t'X11'l1tied 1(1 l,rinlO UllIil,

Itut tltt' fawit:r of T••" altMl orGltn;.IIt"1

f~I'r hilt wllil'lI ~rrletl 1111111 IU the IIL.I"1t<llrt>ll ,outl'~. In thill 1' ..... ulIuml 15611.'raMi! mall routCtl I\'('re "'1.MII_betl 011 ~hl'

lerritor.I' of the N"lherhllltlll, Pllrl11 rOOl­I",tillg wilh tho lurAI IIUlil lIt'r"le~ or the~ilif':!l olld lIlerC'llRl1t~. Only III th(' 18th 1'('11lllr)' (li,1 Ih(' aO\l'rlllIl('1I1 ,oilo the flU,1\ tIl-r­,·k.· in its OWll hlllllll, h.1' rr"Rtinll II G,·IO­rn.1 l'o~t orri"" in Ii Ill. J\ut the 1"OIlIli"1!'U!t~ t1Hil'l'lI were l'olllulUed ontil tllo NilI"ul,'Ouie llC'riod. Tile t·r('lIl'b••'I(Or till'! budO(.'Cul,ieti the ~ctherhllld,•• roorglllli:U'l1 tin!IJlliltal trire autl trt'llt{'t:1 a new IlO!Itlil ur­pulsatioll oftt'r the nlodel ot Ihe J-t.1"'I'r\'"i~ in }'ra\Rt. Aftll'r lilt' do..urall of

]7

:-.'''l'vll'Oll. I1U' IImil !I('niro WIIS lignin takenUIH 1,." lh,' rurlll gu\'erll"'~llt nud reorg3T1'hwtl illd'·I""lIll~lIll."; Ihe Tauill 110llt otrieell1\,..... nul Il('rmllt('ll tv rCUllen. T ....o kind. of

1,0~tIll ''lllabli.lJllluent, .....re ere:at('ll, POlltOH1I-t'Il (POIItliftntoo",lI) AIIII Letter Col·ki:'liuJC A~elll"il"ll (lIulpkaulooren), the \.:Itterl'I'1l.ldi"lt vnl, l1mlled .emee. A completen" .... I_tal taw llef","le e{f..eti..e Oil Sep.leluh.~r I, I '!,;o, beillK illlltrameul.:al abo iDII..• i..~Ila,I«' of tbe fil1lt pMlal ItawlH· .\nd of pooIl.1 rout~ eO"fered the C'OOllt,,!,altd frOIll I 9 oa, wbea ta.e fint railm:Jdwu illt""I~...I. IlI:I.il w.. alao c.aIT~ bylloto railroa,1 Irai.... Tn"'elling pc.t o(f~••'1'0' I.Mialted IIW! latei', 011 !be "};][.Ilt'dili.. )loerdrkM• ..arryiag the "ip mailfrollII Alllyt''l' to R..nudam ill , _lhe MSf....rl..d iofI Rh~rwq;" frem.\am.tTlIsN .. the PraMl.. bordeI" (.itb

~..... I "111-''' liBes) i. 1....i6, aDd O. 1MMlIlIlla....,I.,be ~I~M, f.Am Rottenla.10 1I..r .... a.....'_Tf'ru.. ill 15;;9. ram1 - • a "il' 11_ fro. Ruttent:u. 10 Lo.dM...rrirol 1_ IIIlliI 10 .::nglaDd aDd _ 1JT1'I"­

....... _Jllr~ but fntlll tlMoll OIl -Ja IIIlliI

'Il1llI _I ,u. 1~lgiulJl (A.t...e'1'). Te~f'lIp.M'l"Ti,.. ........ illirodllrt'd ill 1s.:i2,

III I~. lbert' "'"f'rf' l~ PM 0ffiff_ &D·I.Ill; JAII,r Co""';", _-f!Jfffci.u ill OperatiOll;the If'Dglb of IIof> mail roll16 ..... 14,.'>0(1 kill.in I~;!, In Ibat"Mlt. a1m~l. HI milliOll do­1I...... 1W:- It·tlt·..... 1\""''' malk..l. whklo IlWDber badilK'rt'll'Ol'<1 10 ltIor.. llllill I;~-S million in. J5&4.l)urillJ:' thf' same I~rlod, the numbe:r oflell ..,. 10 fol't'l""1 coulltries t'.Ipallded frommorl! Ihllll ::!Y.. milli"u to o\"er ..~ IIlillioll.

I'll rl' """"' no Netherlands l~t ollie..,.fl. forr.". f<lil during the ell111ll.. stamp]lNiOol, or ,"ourII(', Ihe Nf.'lherllllld!l maill­tllill('l1 11l1ll! ortitCfl ill Iheir O\'ersea!l cololl­

ie~, 11m Ihl'y IIr{'\ out/lidl' 11'6 ""ol>e of Illi!!lUollogl'll]Jh, TilerI' were threo Prlluj"l1 lHJ~I.

1,1 IIflellcit,. Oil N,'lltl'rl:\tllhi te-rritor)", all inllur,h'r 10WI1I1, 1l1l1lwl)' Rllllcl'tdc in O\"erij8llelI't""I"rl', II~ 11'1'11 na l!Ql'rlll(lll(/ 1I11l1 fell/V,

l'''lh in l.illll)l"·1:: pro,·llItl'" Onlr 011 Ihe1',,"1:11 IIl;l'tll'J at \'NIIG nrc more detailed,llIlll 1II:IIIIIh1l·. II nlri'Mly 0l'll.'r:,tod l1urillgthe 1,"'·~lmul' 1'.~rIOiI "lid ....R~ dOliI'll 011.\llIr,·h 31. IS:;I. It ""III rt'OllCll''tl 011 .\lIgUlIt1,1'1;;;1, IM.'C:lIlIlC" IIOlIIt.1 IIgeol-y of !Jle Sorth(It>rm:ul ('ollr....l.. rntiol\ Oil .f:ulUlIry \, 18681111I1 of Ihe G..rUlnu t:mJllre ill IS'1. It

rl'lIllllmlil In "llf'rltioll untit April 30, IS'9.Il "1. a ao-t:ltlk-d border e.lt:hange ag!.!nt:)'

"

whirl! hnlllllerl h'lh'r lIIuli ill lrllll~ll IIllL,H'J 1101. IIC""l't IIndl 11I1111. HUl b"CHU>!O lit"KI!Il,,'rl·ulll~ lit thni limo hlld uo j(Glern·

I""ut '1\111101'011 fur I'nrtcl 1><HI1, tbe \'eulo1_1:11 llge"t:r lIerellh.-'d l"ueeillulIl. :1lI,1 11111'"e, II!H.· ... 10 I'ruqla. Of Iho IKIlJtll1 lIij"nc1at .;ulil'.heo\l', it i, kno...n oul,. lhat it 1\"ll.lIt:l"",,-·d UII lkt-emllC!t 11, 1115(J; nil 0l'euilll!"ur r1, .. illlt 11:l1ft! IM'o'Di to l>tl IU'lIilahlf' rortllf' Illwnnou<l 1_1ll1 "K'lI0:'1, bUl it IUUlIt IJf'1"Orut't1 tbat it fuudiOllt'(t during the l'la>.sic l't:amll ptriod.

.'or Ill" l'Uo:'l"*" of lbill _"OJ......I,h. ~r""'er _to., puUJd ''Il.leol in lhe Stlber·Ialll!~ ill 1V,9. It \Q:I. .~r! l<l fix tbljrarly ,Ialt bi...._ the btt'r i_ .ere

1000rtl.~ II«'d 10 a J'lf'I'"iod "lI.,b tallllOI berua.'Ii.If'rt"d ~f'(a, 'o:'~ .n~ ..off. Thf'fd'0IT,IIIi:< .0000gral~ ("-Ill ••Ir witb I.... en',etlIra d I_t'go: ..am,", of lbe .;\f'thr'r-

-"....T1Ic- C.rTta,.., of ,_ Sf't"r...h 'III'U 1he

(lllildrr (ltl. dit"idl'd iute 11111 C,..q (~),­

11M:- JDf'1rie 'JlITf"III ,.... -.I for dul.a.u•...1 ItMR"., I>.t lhe 1I"-"l'i.a1 old DIIt.."~ for I~ uit 'll't'ft kepi. n.. kilo­.-Ier " .. ealkd "'ijl~, IN kiJogranl (lfIOO/tram,) ""Iait"ll1r'nt .. Ibf' M1'lUU I", ."Orbwu dirid t illiO IU "'iI1I("tG", ~)r, l'Cluh..·W-I 10 1110 l:'tJIlI Tbco ""Il,""~ .~ill ,.....di.-idf'd 11110 HI "kl\HlrDM

, tacb t"lui,..k-ntto. dtkal:rllllll (HI CrAlllI). Tbto MIoodM {'On­lIi'1teol of III ''lrigTj ", Or 1\"bieb ...rh 'III';l.\I

t'<lu;"a!eol 10 OUf' graal.

TI", S!:'thl'rbllll, i ul'd Ihl'ir fiBt J'tu',"0" ,1:,,,.,., on JIlII."r, 1. 1851. So (ttber11("'1,,1 11<1l_in... alld 110 Il(lI;ul ~tllli(Jntry

"'l'fe iI!-"R,,1 durilll: tilt' e1lllll1it' lItamJl Ill'rlotl.,\1 lho l'r"....'''. 1'0111111 ,,1!J('Iui,.. in lilt'

Sellu'rl:lIId8, llOIIIu/(e ,,11l1l11'~, IlOuibly a1110l'lll!lal "1l"l'lop"~J .....('rl:l 11""-'11, bUI .....0 bur('110 illf(lrllllllion ..-h,'n Ihey ""ere ililrOl!ol'e<l..'rOI1l llll' t1"llil11l'lc 1IlIlll'rilll, Iltl're ill c\'i,,l('uel' Ihlll lH)lIlllg0 Iitl,mp" or I'rn,~ill "enl1I11.'{\ Ht, II(II'rIlIOII(\ ullll Vl'lIlo; rrom I!lulalll'r IlIltltnl 1I11"l1r)", tho 1181\ ot Ihe ~T:llll]l!l

nt Tlill Norlh (I"Ttl"", ('OlitClll'rlItloll, ISli810 HliO illlllll'>l. lUll! ur 1111' G.'ruulIl 1':lUpirc,lSi:! lU 1871 i"BLI(,~, I" lll~o TI'I·orded. Alllito rnl{'ll wcro 1mrll! lll],th IlIld often:llllonllt,..1 to udd rigur,.., 10'" nul! higll \'111,

II,>;! wer.. nl!eCMUry, 110 that }'.iK lUI well llll30g ,tallll" lire kllowl1 u~l Itt the \'(11110IlOIIlnl "gent". Wh"n Ulll'Il for IIOJIt4g0 Oil

4111Uf',f Ielle,., til" ..1411I1" "".,re "ffhl'll tothl'lII. Tiler w"no 1I0t Il4JICoI \1n l;arreb, but

MElCURY STAMP JOURNAL

011 th .. Jtott",r~ nhkh 1,/1,] to 1I('",,,,ml,a,,,· eathI>lUrel mill .".('r~ h!llldrd "'hh til,' pareel toII,., ad!ln"IIICe. Sill1Ut"I"l'(jU~I,· I'ritb the ill­Irllllu('lioll ot till' JIl15 igur or the (Jermau.:"'I,i.... this l'n...e«lIre "Ali ..haDj:e«; no...IIAR'tl t:a_.r,L'i 1I"('R' IlM'tI on ....bi<'ll t~ IlMt:agl:'"laluI'" wt'rt' .Uisr L TIl llatffl c:::ud"w"re Aul t1c:linl'l:'d 1'1 lbot A,ld~ batn'lWIint>ol hi lbe laalUa of tb,· fIOftal IillC'n;rE'.Tb..~ _~ QUAil,. d'''''lro~td after :fC:n"nl1

."f'lIl'll. Thi.J: iII'lMIlJ 10 I... t~ r",_ that I ..

IlijS isw.. of thor (;..,rD..n .~ftIpi~ be DOt

k.o,,", tAUC'f'IW .1 '-1'111", ahhougb ill .nl,r9":IhiJil~ it ..-;I.....11 II«' tll:'Te ..ntil thl"IIf>. lal al!:Nl<'" lllUI rln.ord (Ill .\I)ril 30, 1579_

W!H.·u l_t.I;" 8t 11I ~ iItroduted,IIot' P(»II"I Rtll,. '" ba,,'tl ou lL I_tallaw ..bith ha,1 ht....ulllt' f'(ff'f'li,'c 0" ~tem­

h"r I, IS:;lI. Tbt' dOWI'~li.. rat('ol ..ere IJ&Sedun l1i8t.1I0"(' a ..,1 w(·il:hl. 1~llc of liJ ~ra"""

""'i\l:1II III,i,1 fit' DI) 10 ~Okm.. JOe: from 30hi l!li)kul. A"d IlK u...rr 10I11tili. LctICI"ll orIIUDI,I.. ,,·.. ill:ht (30 f'r.ma) IllIioi double,froUl )II gl'1llllll to 511 "ram_ trilill', trom..,.. II:r.hl! it. 11111 II:nun" f(lur tilnes tilt' buiel..-.rtll~; ht....~r l<'Itf'''' ,.. i.1 IIU! basir ... terur I'lIrh ad<litiIln.1 :ill 11:"'-' On ~llt~mbcr

I, I --, I!w' I"'inl fAtf'ltolllf' ....:u Aholisbt'ol,IIn,1 thl' I.. ~il' rat. tor _11 lI'tlers t .....ellingA dio<1,mr" ot ~Ikn•. or ,,"N! Wn 11011'" Uk.I'riulf'<! )lall r l.. i,1 ~ tUf" ('arb 10 gnu...R"k;~tT1lliOll r .... II"', 1u,,1 tbe t~ (IK",t.n """",il'ti' .1,... 1I...._-T1It' run 10 (or~

roi"1 f'C'lllItrk-tt ...riM "'try _Deb, tht'y 1ff'nl

I..rtl~ bilt". ('<1lt'l'i.lI~ to O~ti rountrieo5,hUI t~~ ..trt' ('{'II.'JIAntl.,· rt'dorc.'d duringII,c ..1:1 if' ,tan'll (M'ri",1. To Ihe I~ghbor

1'000U'lIril"l, N'dU<',..1 ~t('r f_ ..,,"' in u"etnr bonlrr nlail, '0 1lf'II.:ium ~t""lillg ....;thItlc.o, tf! UIIIlO"{'r IIUtl I'm..... ('\'co ....illl .3l".Brgulllr m>ln 10 1:\I'll::iulll lind I.us('mhourg11lIid ::(ll" for I;; Il:rallll, tn Gl'rmany betweenII'" nnd :l{l(', t1"I,,'I,,[illll: fill the. dinam·l'.Tv ~'r:lIOCt1 /l"'[ ~:Ill.tlnlh[, 111(1 1J.111le 1)(l~t:ljl"C

,,'lIS '''';U;,,,,l1.'' l;lft, lU,d 7tl~, I,llr fron' \B,;~

'''I (,,,Iy :\11,. 411111 ·We. The Ili;:1I ride" ful'""\"'l!(':I" c"""Tri ..~ oft ('II I'l'n ..h('(\ ~C"cr:ll

jl"llilolctll,

Tlu.. l'rflJ'~i"" /'(MI"I "/I'ltrir" (III Stll,er­1:01l,le 'erril"r,. II el,te.1 IIllrt'elll 11ll,1 mOlleyleth'11I to I'ru$lia onl,< Auol th'Ugl'd the,IVlll('lltie I'ru~inu .att'll r()r thenl.

P,rpu.jlfl'.' of Ihe 1.... lnl (eH W:l.ii .otf)hliJl:lllor~ to. 1<'I"'r luai!. f'X"ellt for ther\1l:UJtratioo frE'. l'riuh~1 matt.'r 11"" a«<'P'"tl'(l only ')aid••\t dll'te Will DO $lUtu (or

MERCURY ST"~P JOUR"""L

IIIllHlhl letlefll, II vcr., InrlI\! IJoerrl'IlI11RIl of11'1t.,1'll ..." .. It:IlI ""lmid; in l'IiJ~, ,,"lyI,jVJ% .. f lhtl Ihnll<'8tle Icllc'n lUnl ::U%I)t till' INtI·1"" to toreign toulltrl ... wer~

:oI'ul p.l.i,!. lu 186", tb_ 1ll:R'entag~ hl,,1illf'r('ll",-d 10 ~.'i% AIld 6,;';% .e-IIt--r.tIH~ll,

~f) 11Int tll,", I,Ult,Il'nI ot Ib.. <low tw, let·tl'nI '«"rt...till _~ ullp:lIi.1 nll,1 l/Wtnl!U,..i,1 hy lilt' n,llI~.

T~ ..... of .,••,... 1I1In 01.>1; tor! o••11,__ i.1 Iottu'r DUlil. On _11 )etten, ..hirh ....f't' ..

1....1.,] .. t tilt' r-t oUke> nl::llil1llt l......meali. f':a.."'. tbot 1_lal tho,. ltad to .ffix 110ft~ta"'l'" f .., lbe ._nt of ,,"II hoI' ud rt'.

"i..~l. I'util I~~f' 31, )')6j, tiN', illIr:alinn ffOr W... 10 tw I'aid ill "a..'ih .,"1 II0t"';Ib 1I10BlI', tJ-1 u~pti(>Cll lire. kRO"••:Illbougll tb '! ....~ _pi,,,, tbt teJU1a.tioi •

I'A~II"'D1 of Ihe I~tal t_ for I)rintedlIIatler .lId u......II.I1'eMl wu to I... ",.d(O illI'1I11b, lind no Itaml' ......,... D5td on tll('JU illthe 1\(>II...,IIr ,,·t\·irr; Ilwn, wl"o' 110 10..,.I{'no",inationn of IlO:Itagc .talnllll u"til Jllnuary I. l~ij9, wh.'" ,b(' .1('"ollllnation. l1Cl«"<liar! (nr tbil kind or m:.il WCft! illtJ"Od~ed.

TIM.' d,.,o.'./fItoU _urd by tilt Xetbt:r·Inlld" t ..rn"'llOndal ....itb t~ nino for sillgk'..";ght tt".....IiC' Ictlt·flI. nr",fo~, lml:­thtff dl'uolaiWlliOllti ......~..I 011 Jallnr!I. IJl;;~, ....11II'1:- .... 10.. a ..,1 IK• •\Itl>oa~bOll ptr'mbf'r 1, )~ 11M! 1St: k1.1 r ,..to.....1.oCllioJ.rd, (bo 1.1._11 ...... I",",,"IIN-.f'CIlltialk'd (or _. oa !wad",r 1rtun ..dfor lI... il to toreigo rountrieL .'01' mu",lbaa fitt_ ....('1IT"J.. thl' th~ l1t'uo",iDnli...u'K('1'(' .."n.i,h·m.! auffkh..nl; only 011 Ortobel'1. l86j Wf'f(' tbtl'e additional onN ialrudUl'etl, nn",,'I~' ~Ir. ~~ A..d Sf'l(-, .. " wn­H'oi('ul.'C' (0. lilt' frllnJ..ing of hen ..itr leltefllaut! forrill:II Illlll!.

Thc .. In..;" IItAlIIl1II of the SctlH!rllUld~

,,'rrl' 1101 W:ifhdN'II''' \\"hl,1t .. II...W hallie "'ui"lrlllhll:t'd, 1,,,t 1UI1'f/ wp. The dlllwmillllliolls(If Ih... lIew ;.IIHUIl we.e put ",n l!f\1(, 0111.,' "fh'rthe ~t,....klt or th... torr"II\IOIIdi"lI: dl'f1omi'"I'1;1J1I IJf thll prll,-iOU$ ;ItllU" 1I,'tll "xhnush'{l./\nor,lilll; tv ,·Olltl·lUll",."r! n'l'url~, th ... 18tH1... ,U' WlItI I'ut 0" 1I:,11l "''' .\hy l:.l, JBIH(11k'), ,·"ri." ill Jul.... 18tH (51') fI'HI "uJ'U1u"rJ I, 11165 (151-). Of till' 1867 is~u ... ,rhe 51' ....1111 .ellortt'tll.1' i~u,'(1 ill I)t'l'f'mber181lj, the I~ i'l JIIIlU'H:- 1868 1I1lt! rhe I51'.in Jul:- J868. At fiul, thl' 0101 staw"" ..erenot dr.9.thZi'd elthu. au<l All ""...ie Xtlh­er..ndll alnUlI'" loIIIt I ..... ir validit,- for (Kl8t

.ge oul... oD Ortow 31, I5j8,

"

Fig, 142

tli:til', f 1'1111 I whit'h nll'lIiu Il,v l'It'~I"olrlljJIJ.{,

11,1' pl'ililillll' I'llltl', lI'Pl'1l llhtllillt't1 . .1<\••, th"l,';j2 i~, UI', th - jtllJII'H enllsi,;! "It ]f)!)" ,.

ill'" ill fllur jlltll II ~ii (;;<;), wi/hollllll" Illlir ill prillt. Til ~l':ll'illl{ 111'\"('1'\1

Ih - 111'"1' W:t° ~ 10 ~'41l1m" rh .. !11 t r ,

""ri7.lIl1lal II \\ 'II 11 \" rtlt'IlI, \\'l'rl- Ilhfllll,

"j"" (,"iI{, H:!), Th I'e IV('r ]x prilll:ill'plnl", u' IIIl ;1'. II'Il I' lh ]/11' :Illli 1I1l1,1'

1111"" t h' ]"1', Afl,'r 'Il"h lin C 11'11, III1UI­

IIl'ad"r'r1, till' trnliRf I' roll WII. 1iJ.\ldl,1'1'101I(,lu"], l'~l't'\'illllr ~lllli IilieR ,1" 'I "11 '1,Mil Ihat Ihll '1l1';IlU,_ plalos ,'nil \J pul'lly,1i~lillgui hl'li ll~' clulru\'1 ri.lh' ul' Ihl' d\'­~il{II, A Ir:llIlIf 'I' 1'(/11 III' III 1 C' 11ft' n',lIInlllll" 'IIrl~' ill I 11 wlli['h i, ('linra II'iv.,-,l I',I" a '1I11l11 hilI' iv, 11 tII I I'In \I 1111 Ih •kill~', fl'I'\'1ICII\1. Tl.i, 1'111\\. Ih II ('nil ,I"hlltll" 1."111', ,htl\\'. UII all IlIllIjI, III F'lat·\'II, \\ hh'h 'a 1111' jllto lis ill ,lUIII' 1 Ii I.'I'hl' rlUII W:I thcII Il""01'L',] 011 lh· 1"1111 r 'I'1'1I11, lau Iii!' rl'llllwh i I"!liil,!t., nnt! h \I

III' nil ~lnllll' ul' PIIII(, ,~rn, )llti,'Ii lI'al'i"NL U~I't1 ill ,1111) I (il, .\ IUIW 1"""111'11" milWilli 1111'11 J'lIull', tI IIml rial I.' 1I111 X/Iu lIuf Iwl\' UII)' t I'II~"H or Ih "1101'11", A'I iiI' t1'11I1. 1'l'1' jlro"I' KUlOWl i III 'K jll'UCllll'CI tilll'''"lph'l" (11' ouJ.' rllillll.l' Ill'filll''' jlllr nflit" ,I ' i rllij, II \lU lI'fI III r Luu 'It N \1\" (' IUllUI'

"11 lilt, pl'iullu· "[lilt', Iwflln' th" lI're JJIIIII ill'int• .Bu IUO I uf Ih""I' I 'hl\Jl'lw aJ"

,lI l'un'fully ,'S cUII~1 tlllll lIw,\' aI" WI­

""U, 'lllol(, or :lLIllIl t ulIlIntiel'lIlll', ulld lIUIllie 'h III i~ l'01lllph'II0H , "E III' til, .1 '-l rUlllI Sfi, iN"l1(' , tlte ]lIn Ie', I' lI~iH lit fif :lUU

II '. ig:IIS, iJI ] II J'lJ\\' Ill' :In, r lit J S .J is U "

flin\' WP"I1 two [l11l1"N l'llrh II' I,ho [j, IIl11llllr, bllt thl' "'UlHI (llul1 llC fit 1U(, WH,

II \'l'r )lut fi U I': II h \ 11k, UIlI,\ 0111' l'wluI'll~ \lulIle, "lllllll lll(-nIlKl'i"UIIlI r' Udl"

II 011 til pIal' of III, ,"~ i U

(lIunll a1- OIl II, I hili,

'1 h' )110 ' II lIiu btlll 110 IIIIl rgin prillt. 011

th 1 '7 i. u', [1lall nU1II1I'r" \\ 'I" apvli Jfor the fir t lim '. 'TIII'~' :11' If IIlHlH r; 'urI'IIhicb II" I' USN[ 'f) IIUIIIIJI'I' Iw vlatos ofall tl II miullti JlS i.u ord'r of thcir rmlllu-

Tit!' rl ~inl', of 111 lhr,' 'In'i' Luwpi~",u,';, IIf I"c N.'I" ,.luUl!. ull 1,' LuI" til'

]j(wl .,f '':i"" Will'm fJ J IlIl tJIlI 1 J~ and1 fH i. ue, fll'in/{ III Ih' ri rill 011 Lh'1 67 is, 0 to the len, 'Jhe 1 5~ II uo shOll

Ih head iu n kin,l ,,- nulj/Ill- pi' nrFrunll', 111' ] '(H iR~U > ill au lII'al Jaur I11'I'l'llt1l, Both i~R'ws lillI' uuple frame1I'1Ih'h "I\l,ltlill I\ld.l' t1lc llllU'J'iplioll 1'0,"1'-ZI~\d":.L, III alliu~ "11ft Inl Inl 1", Ulltl 11ruIn iudi ·.ttion, 115 HI, "lU IIJ ur H15 til.

'J Ill' 1, '/ i u' 1)101. "illl Ihi 1J'uuilion iit rl.'sig'1l i' Je uriA'illal IcnJJiu it IlI'ilytill til(), ' (If Turinu 10111' tlf IL'r ,'oun-ri,' , 'rlu' 111'1111 i, in II ,'ird nf Ol'a] l' 'uris,

pllll-"Il in a 1'('1' lin ~Inr (r:lllll', (onlll',l ""Ihi' ,ilil' h~' menuIl'r n1'UlIllI lit. !lilt! bJ"I'U~. '1 "irl'!" in 111 "UI'Ul']'. 1'01' U, fir tHull', th' 1',,111I11' .,~ HIIIlll', .N.EDI~IIL. \XIJ,lIppl'a!" IIU Ih. 1I11lflR, Ill'iu I' iu ud liLionlo 111(' ndur' illlli ':lliuu th, lluIy iJl.~"l'i pUon,11111h ill. ('1'11 tillil Ill' ill dllubt,litll'l 'lllH

lwl'if 1,1110, '1'11[' vnlul' iU(Ul'a inll, rClIll"O(IEN'I\", hlO (~}):i\·,].n Ill:') 'E 1:. 1• ~O

('~ .. ~r.u .12:5 'I..J. '1\" :uHI ".1,

'1'11' ,II'sigu. (II 111'1'1"'(' Ihe \ urk r J. W. K:,v; 'r(llllll; tlf Ih,' 1Ill'. j yur.1 1IJ 11.\"iil'tlll'ilJl,

'L'hl' ,Ii", lOr /Ill thl" II' 'r' lngrlll" 1

wHhouL l'i~lll'll II 1'lIltl\', th' 11l!J~ nnllI (i·l i~MUI','l till' IIh' II' I' of, I 'I"l u.e 1101, J7 i"'~1l< of "1'1' 'I', 'I'li ('/lgl'lI rl' nl' rillIwn PlIl'Illl.'1' wa~ ,J. W, .KHi 'I' uf till' IIll:lL11. Xu .,. 'I',

'I'll 1IIIIuiu 1111' prill/1I111 IIwl rial fill' 1"('1" ,­priu iug', ill I hII'll nil elllH~il' 1'lh'rl(1011.s tllIIl) WI.t.. Il~ 'I'U 1,1, f;r 1'1 'Ito Y]lin::rprllflll,·.. 1 \I'/II'kiu. IHI' in \I'hu'll til - figtJl"

(If l'1t1u 11'('1' l'lI.ta"I',l, l'I'I'lI11ug h. (Ii'ut l,a ,II ,l ..uolllinutioll. 'I'llI'll Ihl' plnh'M wI'r"mlldl with tIll' hl'lp tIf Ihe.• fIi '., 'I'll' tif·f('rl'll UII,j IlUlls 11'('1'0 U ('(1. TI,e j'jrs

f II' thl' 1 5:.l '"111 1 "l i, Ull, , wlli'11\Iu ' 'Ii t, 'II Itll H, Wil th tTIl nsf1'1'

PI'Ol'I'HR, 11M uRcIl fur the ~ll'l~' I'll 'r'a\' 'di Rl.1l' of (; "l'a I, Ilrif:1i II rmd R ·Igiulll, I'h il'11\I'll.•1", "I'illl'd ill Ynlu1I1 n. pllg 201, 1\1111

iu VUhllll' 1\', plI ' :14, Th Otll I' m'Lhod,u.. a fill' tIll' IlHllJuflll'tur or rll ]111111 ortil' I. 67 iH. Ul', wltieh Wet mad ,If copp 1',

u"ul -I l'Ir t.'lliUR, h~' t:,killl! II .u!l'i'j litlIulIIL'r if I ", tr t:rpl's frum th ,Ii nllllsuld!'rillJ:' thl'lII Lo [l plate of the " ired,i1.('. 'l'Iiilj plr I,' II"tl, Lhen us !1 1\ a lIIulh'l'

,10 MERCURY STAMP JOURNAL

flirt W'.. TIJ('~' w('y· roll;:l'a "1',1 1111 llil' Iol,f I11111

lIIal'g-w uf 111.' )llat", "·I"w 0 1I :11 row til II I"kill tit I'uf,'r of Ih,' :It 1'1 l'iK, 1-1:1). "

('1I1'J'l'.IOlllli.L!g arrOw Wll" 1",;..",,,,','<1 'llI till'

"1'1'('1' llItlqr iu (Pi~,] J. '1'11 'J" \\'11'1' h,u,Ii ,'I' nlL IlcuIJlIllnnLi"IlH. 'rlw 1'i1'~1, t1i('~

WPI'(' f'mulIl ultsnLi~rlll'101',' anel I'l'pIII ('PlI

h,\' II W rl1e~, hy I'IIA'nl\'uIg' 1lU' j'ig"tll'I', nl'

I"lllu" in 111'''' wlll'kulg' IUI'~. 'I'll .,' II 'w oIit',(1'.'111' Tl J th !'I·fon' ,liff 'I' from IIii' 01,1oIi" (T)l'" I) ill 111 ~halh' IIJ: thl' rig-til' :i

o 1":1101'. 1'latl'. I tl XXi\' Wl'n' ill 'f.,·p"T, I'I:t It', XX, to LXXII ill '1 )1tI' 11 i tl!l'1' ,W<'!'I' lin 111" s "lmsilltiu' uf lotll II t) Jll, ,lit r('for(' th 'Y ":1111111 1'011 It' "1'·t\'uuIlL Tit'pltl., Ill' 11l' 1 5_ ;L1111 1 Ii! i.: UI', 'n'r'tIIad It: rb,· RO.l"al )rillt Rijk.. MUIII) III

\'Irl'(-h, th,,(' .,' tit 1.6T nu,' 11.,.1 :\1.\'lIn J\I'IllP'1I 'II ZUUl'11 lIf 'ullr.I·lml '11,

Th£' pnlllillff W:l, II lint' rallll'r "'an,rull),IIml 1111 major prill tin T \':Iri"ti,,~ :11'1' r ,'urt!

1',1.•\11 lhl' t'!:, if' i, Up w'n'" "H pl" ItL'tl llU !tunrL pr .. 1'" on wl,ttl',1 pIIl'l'r. 'rile'wi pi Ill; nf 11' pIa h'll ,,"l !tnruu 11 IIul)" J'III'

tile' ,':1 rli(', printing, II tIll' 1 :i:l j, Ul

wlli"11 arl! 011 whit or :lInlllst whil" 1'111'1' ,

f'nr lnl\'1' prilltil1"'- Ie w'l1 Illi lhl s,' f lit'ull, 'I' two i~sn s, llll' ,,'il'hlg" \\':1. I H r

full.,' dont', wbicll I' 'lInll it iu II mill'" ( I' I'M11i"Iill\'l lintilllt of lhp (111)11'1' ill IIII' 'nlo"of lilt' ,ll'~igu. 10""''1,''"11.1' 111l'I'" 01'" ill IIn,on' of h'~s cOllspirnoll "lUUtlg', uf '01111'iu Ill' s(I:lel' 1. -j 11'1' 'II III' ,t:llnp.. I"fI '/1 1l ,"".luul L' prill I"" \\'hil'h ""1' known ut' niltine!' i,.~ue", :lduully III" III,\' IIWI'I' Ill' Ipronunnl' ,I "41ft. ", cuu 'u II,\" Ii hi bil'l·

iU&l of till' -p"pl'r <1urill~ I Ill' I'l'illtill~ pro·· •Inti! " 'pkmlt"I' :W, 1 6H, 'III [1111I11 W\'n'

prin !'II II: h BU,\'w:'1 int Rijk "[lIll) ilL1'1 n,,'!tl. Prom ,·tol·r I, 1 II I 1111, III prillt­

illg wa' ntru t d tn .r nh. Elk·1t Il~ 'II Z U 'U

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS

of Itaurll'l1I. The 1 t1-! i U thpl"f r(' wa,fir, t I I'iutl'u a Ir('('ht lind h D at 1:l:J.:U'­

I Ill. Tit' H:wrleru prilltiug8 wpre fir'[It'd in :'l:Jrl'h 1 'j (5'), ~\[lril 1 fl, (l0,'

anrl ,'11\-1'1111,,'1' 1 liT (Lie); tlt!!)- '11111 .. IIIt ill 'IIi, h, I Ity th, ~h.ndl'· m1l1 olhl'l' 11 'trail.

(1'fI III ,'a" fi"'trd 1

•,'7',1 ,(P wr7lx.J7, i."IIIIII'r Jfl6~.

• I'll '1'II/'II"le lor llii rPflT'S EltroJi/ ""Trtll "I /11/1' Erlilor i Ih Ilo,,-iug; D­11111'1111'1' I I'IIIl1 ~ ,'" Y rk (0111' til "Pl'anee"1111 • III.' :!;j: !JIIIlil,,". ::\111:' :iU to .J DUI' j

11011,1 \YI'.lhur~·, ROlu1 ,'I.:lt 'olHluiL •. t.,W. I ; (;1'11/1'''. JUII T 10]0 riot I 11uHhiul\' ; VI/III'/, .TUII JO to 1+ (01'a It'll1101(11) i W;"II, ,TIIII~ 1", 020 (TIotel Ro,pl,I.. Hiu/rl'l'sll':Iss 3); fiinelr" . .June ~9 tl':ill (1II1L·1 \'i 'I' .TlIbrt·~z·i I,. [:1 xi III il illll tr.I ; lI'i"lIlm(/"II, .TUII' 30 I .)111." 3 nllll'l

H"hwlII'ZI'r Rotk): 11/11/1I0(',T. ,Tuly :! to 4-111111') Lui \'11111 f. I,ui! n, r, ::!/:q; T(om­

1",I'fI• •July I til (ll h'l Vi r .Tahl' zl'it£'u,

\'11 'r .1 UlIl!f 'rn ti'g 9-1,1); fo,,1'holll1, ,1 ul,\', III 1:! «(,rr1ll11 TIul 1); ('0111'1/111/(11'11. ,Tul,\'

l~ til lti (Hot 'J Europa. '-, IT. '.• IIII1'1' ,'II.

m,,1. !in): £11/11101/. July lfi\\' Illun·,Bul.l.nt 'udui, ,.\\.1):I'ari.. ,lui: :..11 t :!, 110 I " rill , 1 Ru'I't rit.· ltliU V'/I Hnag .Tul.":!i ,,:11 hawlIlllll'! 'IItrtll, L:.llIgl' POlen Ii). I{..tunl to

:'\ 'w YlIrk lin Augu. t ( II th' ". i u'"\111 I'rdlllll"). • rail Iiould I nt 0 th\'

111,01'1' ml,LI'!!_"l'S w!!ll in mh':llWC, IlIllrkcI!

"Iltlltl fM arrim!."

• lTn'llI rt J. lJl rlt. 111 mh r fir th' Fri\"ll~;XI'I...t 'UJlIlJliltcc IUlll plirlll r of IIt )["r·

,'ur)' ,'(mIlJl lIUJllIIU)', ,... ill 1mt'rl to BI/rt//II

II IIlIl1 I [Ill' /IIidlH, al JulJ/, 11, illt ltd to

I'i~jt two Inl£'rnntioual PltiJat lil' Exhilli·lillil l lit' PRA,A Ln:! tl P,'n~t1~, whil'lII~ ht'ld 1'1'0111 j\ llgtlst] .0 ~('l'L 'ml.mr ~.

1I11t1 lhl' I.f'l ,'I'd. ]!Hi2 af WI', t B rlill,

't'IIl'dul,,\ rul' !41'pll'1l11l r 1:l Lo ] 3. R,' willul II \'i it PnWl'l', Ut'l·rnul1y. U 'I rill, Hal.1111.1 'witl. '1'1:11111. JIll i1ll,\' al,o OUl' Otll('1"1'1I1111Iri,' • Ht'turu III .-I'W lork i xp£'dl'd

e1ll1'illl{ tile 'und half "I' ~','pt '1Il1, 'I'• • \

~'I. 111 ...h' - IlI'rillil!' ··h tlull' will 11' "":Hl,1"

ulIl,l II100ut .111II£' 1, 1'011 !tlor nutl 11£'all'''I III, WUII\ I 111<'11 l1illl sir ul<1 wri ' af 'rIlul tlnl,' tu tht urn ·t- IIf lit· :'1 feur,l

Fig. 144Fig. 143

ME CURY ST.....MP JOU A -41