jhunjhunwala rural ict

8/2/2019 Jhunjhunwala Rural ICT

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IIT Madras

ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM,

India, [email protected]

Enabling Rural Citizens through

Innovations in ICT


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How can they stand up and be counted?

How will they get access to resources, health and education?

How will they be able to compete?

How will they bridge the distance with their urbancounterparts or those in the developed world?

Over the last two hundred years, 4 billion people inthe developing world have been left behind

India was in this category in the recent past

Urban India has changed

will use it as an example to talk about what can be done


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IIT Madras

India was struggling in eighties

One had to wait for eight years to get a telephone

Deposit money to get in a queue

To buy a two-wheeler took four years

Gas connection took even longer

Importing a simple $3 microprocessor IC took one year

Life was difficult


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IIT Madras

Changing Indian Affordability:65M urban homes

21.2

15.8

12.8

5.8

3.22

0.8 0.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

100 180 260 360 520 840 1300 3500

Monthly Household income in $

NumberofHHinmillions

NosofHHinM

Monthly HH Income in $

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2075

2001

2007


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IIT Madras

Mobile Market in India boomed5 million 50 million 150 million 400 million

Not until Mobile Infrastructure Capex< Rs 3000 per line

and with handset price of Rs 1200 onwards

service available at 50 p per minute

ARPU of about Rs 250

7 million subscribers added each month 0

100

200

300

400

500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

ProjectedNosofSubscribersin

million

Just Like number of TVs in India rose from10 million to 100 million in 90s when

prices became Rs 1200 onwards and cableTV tariff fell below Rs 75 per month

Number of TV channels boomed

Entertainment industry in Indiaone of the biggest


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IIT Madras

Even Airline Industry

Is booming in India quadrupled its passenger carrying capacity in two years

Average tariffs have fallen to a fourth making it affordableto middle class Indians

Inspite of rising petrol prices

The only limitation to growth is the airport infrastructure


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IIT Madras

India on Move

Auto Sector is booming

R&D driven initiative: Scorpio and Tata-Indica

India emerging as leader in auto-component design and manufacturing

Indias cement plants in 90s virtually closed as they could not compete

Today India has some of the most energy efficient cement plants ofthe world

Electricity from wind energy surpasses its nuclear energy

Indias wind energy company is the fastest growing one in the world

Indian companies carrying out successful Drug discovery

Spends US$50-70M as opposed to US$800M for a drug


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IIT Madras

Engineering Education

500K engineering students graduate every year from 1600engineering colleges

Up from 25,000 in 100 schools in early eighties

Uneven quality is a major problem

was foreseen and resulted in reluctance to expand

But it is this human resources which has driven growth


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IIT Madras

Growth of IT and IT enabled services is legendary Reaching $50 billion this year

Trillion dollar IT Services industry being projected

The World is FlatBut you aint seen nothin yet

for the changes has not yet touched Rural India


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IIT Madras

But Rural India is still struggling

637,000 villages, 700 million people

Per capita GDP about $200

Can ICT make a difference?Rural Priority is Education, Health and Livelihood

Politically

unsustainable


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IIT Madras

Changing Indian Affordability:150M rural homes

NosofHHin

M

Monthly HH Income in $

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2075

2001

2007

102.1

1710

3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

60 180 260 360 520 840 1300 2240

HH Income in $ per month

NumberofHHinmillion

s


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All block headquarters are connected by optical fibre Most villages are within 15 Kms from Block towns

Last mile technologies are rapidly emerging

Broadband CorDECT WiLL developed at IITM, India provides a telephone line and 256 kbps Internet connection in 25 Km

radius Exchange and tower in town

Works at 55 C

Power requirement: 1 KW

start-up costs very low

Newer technologies emerging

Promising 1/2 Mbps connectivity

with OFDM (like 802.16 / WiMax)

with HDR and HSDPA

Fibre goes deep in India

Rs 10K per line deployedExchange and tower in town


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Rural Service Providers

aggregate demand into a kiosk

owned & driven by a local entrepreneur

Rs 50K per Kioskproviding telephone, Internet, multimedia PCwith web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC plus local language software, video conferencing software, trainingand

maintenance and 6 months unlimited Internet

set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs Provides multiple services to break even

Needs Rs5K pm to break even

Innovative Business Models


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IIT Madras

Rural ServicesAn Overview

Capacity Building Education Health

Income Generation Agriculture Entrepreneurship Outsourcing

Enabling Services Finance Markets (exchanges

/trading) e-Governance Water Management Energy Communications and

Transportation


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IIT Madras

Education

Towards enabling Rural Areas.

3-(Rating carried out on 0 to 5 scale to indicatewhere India is)


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IIT Madras

Education

Curriculum based

Passing SSLC: excellent results

Skill based

Spoken English

Computer Basics

CAD, Web development, Photoshop

Repair pumps, wire for electricity, carpentry

Concept based

Science and Business concepts


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IIT Madras

Rural BPO


From London, Boston, NY

To Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi

Then Jaipur, Mangalore, and Pune

Is it the turn of Shikrapur,Modaj and Mettupalliyam?2


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Audio

Recording &

EditingWeb &

MultimediaDevelopment

Translation

Desktop

Publishing

EngineeringServices

Administrative

Service

ITeS

Overview

11 Months

50 People

20 Villages

13 Clients

Services Provided

.In English and Regional Languages

Input 2D drawing Output 3D model


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IIT Madras

Desi Crew

Rural BPO Services Administrative

Data Entry

Data Conversion

Localization (English toregional languages) Translation

Voice Over

Engineering

2D drafting 2D to 3D conversion


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IIT Madras

Rural Production


As Chennai becomes the manufacturing

hub for Nokia and BMW

Can Pinjavakkam

become the production

hub for Chennai?

1-


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THE MODEL

Design Order

CLIENT

ROPE

RPC RPC RPC RPC

RPC LEADER RPC LEADER RPC LEADER RPC LEADER

RPC WORKERS RPC WORKERS RPC WORKERS RPC WORKERS

Visual Access toproduction Delivery of order

CLIENT CLIENTCLIENT

Order Skill Enhancement Quality Management

Infrastructure Working Capital Production Processes

FORCLIE

NT

FORLEADE

R

FO

RWORKERS


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RPO: Distributed Production enabled by Internet

Outsourcing production to rural areas

Kiosk becomes a point of co-ordination & qualitycontrol

The Crafts for Life projects include

Embroidery

Bags Soap

Banana Rope

Dry Flowers


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IIT Madras

Training in making dried banana bark rope making facilitated by ICT entrepreneur Jayamalathi at

Thirupandrutti.

Building and Aggregating Distributed Rural Production

Units as back end for industries

Focus Sectors: Crafts, Leather, Garments, Agro

Processing


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PRODUCTS

Banana Fiber Table Mat Banana Fiber Window Blind

BF with Jute Placemat Bamboo Fiber Placemat Korai Grass Runners

R O P E


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IIT Madras

Training & Recruitment: Industry Client

RTBI:Networking,Logistics & Monitoring Operation

ICT Kiosk: ICTInfrastructure and Marketing

Focus Sectors:

Security Personnel

Skilled Construction Workers

Sales persons

Home Service Agents

Vocational Training


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IIT Madras

Healthcare


1+Telemedicine:

Initial experiments with eye care and with Veterinary doctorsusing the video conferencing tool

Moved on to video-consulting for GP & gynecology problems

Vet care with Veterinary collegeRemote Eye Care with Aravind Hospitals


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IIT Madras

ReMeDi Tele-medicine solutionHealthcare Delivery

Identification of village healthcare delivery centers

Linkage with a hospital partner via ReMeDitelemedicine solution

Supply and delivery of essential medicines

KioskOperator

PharmaCompanies

ReMeDi Telemedicine Kit

LocalPartnerHosp

RP RP RP RP


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IIT Madras

Agriculture


1-


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Managing Risks for farmers

Crop disease: Use of video conferencing to connect farmerto an agricultural Expert

Obtaining answers before it is too late

AfterBefore

In a Village in Madurai,the Ladys Finger

(Okra) crop

was turningwhite

The problem wassent to the experts at

the Department ofRural Extension,

Madurai AgriculturalCollege and Research

Centre whodiagnosed it asYellow Mosaic

disease


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IIT Madras

Production and Price Risk Coverage

Rain-fall insurance

Micro-weather Measurement and prediction

Collect weather data at each village

Temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed,wind direction and rainfall

Weather Monitoring Kit : Rs 15K

Market risk: use of commodity exchanges

forward pricing and Options Can one get small farmers to use it?


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Agriculture

Agro Processing

Agricultural Advisory Services

Agricultural Supply Chain Management

Focus: Fruits and Vegetables in Theni District of Tamil Nadu

Strategy: To link markets, banks, extension partners and suppliersto small farmers


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IIT Madras

Facilitate Sales and post-harvest support

Use of Village Internet kiosk and mobile phones for

Obtaining market-prices in different Markets

Transaction and deal-closing from villages

Scheduling delivery

Booking of transport

Direct payment through banks and loan repayment


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IIT Madras

Financial Services


1


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IIT Madras

Financing by banks from towns is expensive

Is Microfinance the answer

Has made great strides, but what is the interest rate? At 24 to 30% interest rate it is good loan for

Trading and Short term consumption loans

But not for any manufacturing / agriculture?

Can kiosks become mini-banks? Internet banking: But how will cash be delivered?

Can kiosks carry out credit-rating of rural people?

What about Insurance? Can they enable different kinds of insurance?

Life Insurance, health insurance, General Insurance, rainfall insurance


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We could put Internet in every village but for its cost?

TeNeT / VorTex develops ATM

Finger print detection

Internet kiosk based or Stand alone

Deliver even soiled notes

Single denomination today

Can be extended to multiple denomination

Electronic Lock operated using finger print detection

Cost about Rs 60K for kiosk ATM / Rs 75K for stand

alone

Vortex GramaTellerinitiative, reducingthe cost of ATM to 1/15th


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Towards Credit Rating


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IIT Madras

Rural Business, Transportation, Energy & others


0+

R l B i


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IIT Madras

Rural Businesses

Agriculture, food processing & other small businesses

Can they be enabled by ICT kiosks?

Does technology play a significant role in supply chain management

& co-ordination?

Can they be used for market linkages & pricing mechanisms?

Can kiosks be used to find jobs?

Exploring to understand the evolution of rural businesses

and the role of technology in such businesses

D li d E


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Decentralized Energy

Grid based Power Supply

Quality and availability

Urban Power will take precedence

Rural India will only get overflow

Each Village require 30 KW to 100 KW Power Generation

Solar

Biomass Combustion

Biogas

Bio-diesel

Can kiosk be used to enable this?

C i O i d S i


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IIT Madras

Community Oriented Services

Rural Development programs

Water Management

Soil Management

Road construction

Social harmony and religious tolerance

Promoting entrepreneurship


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To Sum Up


ICT can provide opportunities for those whohave been left behind

to leapfrog

provided there is will

Requires

Confidence, Local technologies & Servicesand lots of hard work

Rural Areas in emerging Markets can followtheir urban counterpart

T d


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Today

India consumes

Less than one twentieth of per capita resource as compared to that inthe West

as per International Energy Agency Statistics Division, India consumed512.4 Kg of oil equivalent of energy per person as opposed to 7794 Kgof oil equivalent per person in USA in 2003

If India and China grow like West?

And their per capita resource consumption of 1.4 billion Chineseand 1.1 billion Indians reach the level in the West

This can not be our future Nature is already retaliating

Technology can help but cant support consumption beyond a point

A dil


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IIT Madras

A dilemma

India and China can not be asked to wait to get outof their deprived state

AND they can not grow and acquire the samelifestyle as that of the West

N d


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IIT Madras

Need

To redefine development

Not accept the industrial revolution Development paradigm

Technology can find all the answers

Urban life is better life

Good life need not imply

Such large consumption

Migrating Rural Indians to Urban areas is not the answer

With health, education, a bit of infrastructure and livelihoodopportunity, life in Rural India may be better than in urban areas

U b I di d Chi h d ll


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Urban India and China has done well

Growth in China stupendous

India started late, but is racing today

But most growth limited to urban areas

Rural Areas are being left behind

700M out of 1 B people live in Rural India

jhunjhunwala rural ict

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