PortfolioPallavi Prakash Jhapallavi_prakash@live.comhttp://workspall.blogspot.com

March-September 2010: GIS Based Sustainable Growth Model for South College Station-work experience with the city of College Station, TXAvideo presentation can be viewed and the full report can be downloaded at http://workspall.blogspot.com

This project has developed a growth model for south College Station area, exploring the viability ofincorporating sustainable development concepts in a real world scenario. The methodology involvesparticipatory approach for multi objective decision making with GIS based analytical process. The projectuses analytical hierarchy process in map overlays and map algebra for locating community swimming facility;uses vector analysis for incorporating street furniture on bike and pedestrian ways and for finding target areasto implement sustainable energy practices. The project recommends strategies for developing the upcomingsouth College Station area through the defined goals and objectives attributing to the cause of sustainabledevelopment in an incremental way, and then using them in a GIS based analysis for practical implications.The goals and objectives in compliance with the comprehensive plan 2009 have made sustainable and costeffective recommendations.

The project's is to identify the most favorable site for the allocation of a community swimming facilityagainst many upcoming private pools, addressing the issue of water conservation in the city of CollegeStation. The site suitability analysis based on Analytical Hierarchy Process has been used for this goal usingthe criteria of land use plans, walkibility to the existing neighborhoods, proximity to the new developmentareas, access to the main roads and market land values in GIS based modeling. The participatory approachin this analysis has helped achieve unbiased results in the weighted overlay map outputs.

first goal

Figure1 : Result for the goal 1 showing possible sites for locating community swimming facility using Single Output MapAlgebra (SOMA)

Conclusion

The GIS based sustainable growth model forthe south of College station is a strategy basedplanning method which focuses on projectviability in terms of cost, time and resources.Issues of water conservation, environment,neighborhood safety and aesthetics aretackled by using GIS based modeling withraster and vector calculations. Multi ObjectiveDecision making, using Single Output MapAlgebra (SOMA) was used with a participatoryapproach in evaluating scores by pair wisecomparison in the analytical hierarchy processthat has brought less biased results in mapoutputs.

The second goal aims for identifying sites for installing street furniture that will also suffice the need of naturalsurveillance on streets. The installation is planned in a prioritized manner by conducting GIS based vectoranalysis for this goal. The installation will take place dispersively in phases for benefiting a larger populationin one go than pouring the initial resources in a concentrated area. Recycled materials are recommended tobe used for the construction at the least possible cost and solar powered advertisement billboards have alsobeen recommended on some of the street furniture for recovering the cost in the long run.

Figure 2: Street furniture model designed for goal 2

Figure 3: Using metal rods and other useful parts from scrap buses

Using recycled aggregate/ concrete as designed by CiliconFaytory in Singapore

Adver t isement Bi l lBoard

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3.Home for Rural Business 4.Side yard setback And Height Restriction Diagrams

5.Access Diagrams

1.b.Proposed Snout House

2.a.Existing Home Occupation 2.b.Proposed Home Occupation

6.a.Existing Highway 6.b.Proposed Scenic Highway

July 2008-March 2009:ResearchAssistantship with Professor JenniferEvans Cowley, City And RegionalPlanning, OSU, Columbus

Graphics 2 & 3 illustrates alternatives for homeoccupation, home employment and rural homebusiness.

Drawings are as per theHarrison County Zoning Ordinance.

Graphic 4 illustrates yard example in aresidential district showing the lot with its buffer, Sides,and rear yard limitations.

1.a.Existing Snout House

Poster Design for Dresden exchange program

CD Cover DesignName Plate Design for Workshop

Existing Structure Near Choti Chaupar

Proposed Facade Development of shops near Choti Chaupar Redesigning of Existing Structure

Redevelopment Project, Old City Jaipur, Rajesthan, India

Typical floor plan for Rehab Bld. Tenements:300 sq. ft Carpet Area

Hyderbad, Inida slum Redevelopment Program For MunicipalCorporation

Conceptual Rehab Building

May–October 2006: Work Experience with MM Consultants45 Chimbai road, off. Hill Road, Bandra (w)-400050, Mumbai, India

Receiving plot layout north zone,Nagpur slum redevelopment project

Mumbai Slum redevelopment program Mukund:

Built Up Area Statement For Bld.1-Mukund

Adomain for unearthing regional potential obscured, under the guise of religious tourism

An Interface for Monetary Growth------Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar

R.C.A, Jha Pallavi Prakash, Roll No.14 , 5 Year Design Thesisth

2005-2006: Final year thesis R.C.A, Mumbai, India

The dissertation focuses on study of various development strategies that can be adopted inmarketing of traditional skills in the state of Bihar. The study also focuses on understandingvarious factors that can bring about social, cultural and economic augmentation in Bihar by upgradation of traditional skills in terms of product innovation and income generation under theguise of a region that has potential to give the right platform, inculcating maximumopportunities. The architectural style is derived from the Buddhist philosophy and Buddhistway of life.

The that need to belooked upon are in theremote areas of Bihar and the

. Harmonizing the two underone architectural guise would help the project'seconomic sustainability.

Identifying local skills of Bihar in the areas ofconstruction, furniture making and handicraft.

Identifying made, using traditionalskills and its demand in present market.

Identifying the of such skills in makingproducts that have more demand in today'smarket at national and international levels.

Identifying regions with potential to emerge outwith its local skills and introducing

in such regions that could be

Centralization of small scale industries in theneighboring regions for

two types of industriessmall-scale industries

religioustourism industry

Goals at Macro Level

products

scope

satellitecentersintegrated with the main center at Rajgir.

easy administration.

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Various regions of northern Biharhaving the potential to developas satellite-trainingcenters for upgrading local Skills

Buddhist Circuitoffering goodplatforms forrecognizing the localskills

The dissertation is a research based design proposal for implementation of a feasible scheme that can bringabout increased income opportunities in rural India .The design concepts are evolved by synthesis of issuesgenerated in regional context on the basis of intense research and anticipation of demographic analysis.Population, trade, occupation, literacy, available human resources and alternate sources of energy arequantum factors in drawing the parameters of scheme and design requirements. The study also focuses ontheory of market economy involving inflations, unemployment and production, along with the knowhow ofexisting small scale industries and existing market trends. Based on research and thorough study of variousavailable government schemes as per state DraftAnnual Plan 2006( Bihar), a plan has been designed that isa model of entrepreneurship, free market concept and investment. The idea is to target on religious touristscoming from all over the world as primary consumers and also to provide them with quality services. The sitetaken for this plan has a strong Buddhist influence with the ancient University of Nalanda being the mostsignificant landmark in the district. The form and space organizations in the proposal strongly emphasizes oninterpretation of Buddhist philosophy and Buddhist way of life.

AIM: The main aim is to bring about social, cultural and economic augmentation in Bihar by up gradation oftraditional skills in terms of product innovation and income generation under the guise of a region that haspotential to give the right platform, inculcating maximum opportunities. Rajgir, having the advantage of itssignificant location is appreciated for its high cultural values and has excellent scope for transportation byvarious means. The aim is also to mold the architectural vocabulary of site as such that it attracts religioustourists from all over the world providing them with best services and facilities.

The site at Rajgir, Nalanda is extremely location specific and has the potential to facilitate good transportnetwork via road, rail, river and air which would open the doors to trade at national and international levels.Almost centrally located in Bihar, it has a very strategic location for commencement of a plan that can bringincome opportunities. It has a national highway that directly links this place with Orissa, Bengal, and othermega cities of India. Its close proximity to international airports at Patna and Gaya makes it most accessible.Mokama and Patna being close to this place can also open the river routes via Ganges for trade activities.

Plan of action for facilitating religious tourism

organized market

expressions of Buddhistphilosophy

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Providing an for tourists in a more decent way within the boundary of a definedarchitectural domain, providing awareness center for extinct tribal art and providing a space for learning art.

Deriving an architectural vocabulary that gels with the existing context. Rajgir falling in the Buddhist circuithas a strong influence of its culture. Molding the existing landscape with simple

in most sophisticated way would enhance the spatial character of the architectural domain.

Designing a space like for trading withvarious regions of Bihar in a manner that the mediator gainsless profit than the skilled labors.where people from various regions would get an opportunity toexchange their knowledge in skills.

Designingextending them with at identified

strategic locations andproviding them withProviding a Designing

a space for . Designing, e.g. an or

that can also be used as .Developing an architectural model with an aim to tap

the full potential of this region forming a domain and integratingvarious activities and disciplines; thus generating increasedincome and employment opportunities.

village mart

Facilitating annual fairs

product manufacturing and up gradationcenters, satellite centers

rehabilitating weavers from NepuraVillage, home cum worksheds.

workshop for arts and crafts.exhibiting the preserved tribal art

multi functional spaces awareness centerpublic halls night shelter

Multi functionality ofbuilt form will play the key role in optimizing the utilizationof time, money and space.

Cane works in North Bihar

Goals at micro level

Silk weaver at Nepura Village

Present Market at Bodh Gaya Temple

5.Set 1

Village Shops

5.Set 1

Sec BB’

B’

C C’

Sec CC’’

5 Village Mart

Home Cum Workshed

Home Cum Workshed

B

5.Set 2

Typical Village Mart

2. Tourist Accommodations 2. 3. Center 5. Village MartTourist Accommodations

2. Tourist Accommodations

2. Tourist Accommodations 4. 3. Center 5. Home Cum WorkshedNight Shelter

4. Night Shelter

5. Home Cum Workshed

2. Tourist Accommodations View

2. Tourist Accommodations 2. 4. Night Shelter 1. AdministrativeTourist Accommodations

View Of Center(3)

Progressive Model View Of Site

View Of Shops (5, Set 2)

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Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar YoganaCraftsmen and Apprenticeship Training Scheme

Craftsmen and Apprenticeship Training Scheme

The Project would be based on three key components,

The Government will play a key role in initiating the project and it will be implemented in major favor ofartisans and skilled labors.The other section of mass who would be benefitted by this project are , whose main

interest would be in

a) Entrepreneurship, b) Free market, c) Investment

private investorsaddressing to the religious tourism

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2Touristaccommodation

Night Shelter Scheme80% CENTRALLY SPONSORED AND 20% BY STATE FUND

4 Night shelter

Thedepartment ofTourism Bihar

1Admn,

RestaurantCommunity

Bank,3

Memor ia l Ha l l ,Museum, Exhibition

Workshop

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50% ie. 60 shops with a under Swarnjayanti Gram SwarojgarYojana, a centrally sponsored scheme for Rural Development30% ie. 36 shops under20% ie.24 shops for private sector in open market under scheme for rural development

mix of bank credit and government subsidy

Entrepreneurship Developmentcentrally sponsored

5Set 1, Home CumWorkshed

Village MartSet 2

(iii) ValmikiAmbedkarAwas Yojna (VAMBAY )up-gradation of slums;

provide health facilities; enabling urban environment through community toilets under Nirmal BharatAbhiyan.

The scheme has the primary objective to facilitate the construction and the to

The scheme has Government of India subsidy of 50%. The balance 50% in the project will bearranged by the state government with ceiling costs prescribed both for dwelling units and community toilets.The State Government share may consist of funds from any source in the form of subsidy or loan from HUDCO

(Under this scheme a total of 90 house cum worksheds will be provided to artisans . This willaccommodate rehabilitation of weavers from Nepura Village. )

CommunityBank

Rolling Money

Inve

stm

ent

Mad

e

Inve

stm

ent M

ade

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship

Free Market

5 10 20 50

GOV. FUND

Bracket Creep

Asset

Rev

enu

e G

ener

ated

Rev

enue

Gen

erat

ed

Investment Made For Artisans

Inve

stm

ent M

ade

For Artisa

ns

50% ie. 50 shops with a mix of bank credit and government subsidy under Swarnjayanti Gram SwarojgarYojana, a centrally sponsored scheme for Rural Development30% ie. 30 shops under Entrepreneurship Development20% ie.20 shops for the private sector in open market with centrally sponsored scheme.

Set3 &Set 4, Shops

Interpretation of the mandala concept in designthrough dependent organization

Design approach with interpretation of Buddhist philosophyDependent Organization:

The doctrine of dependent organization, which in Mahayana philosophy came to be known as interrelatedexistence of all things; explains self, not as a separate entity but as a consequence of causality. The self is realized with onescontribution to the whole and the rest.

The individual units and the whole of cluster is derived from a square which represents the physical world bound infour directions. The Main court is made accessible from four sides thus opening the gates to four directions. The midmostarea of the court is the main focus and concentration of all energies. The activities within the central court will be the essence;the cause of dependent organization in the mandela formed. The main court is surrounded by smaller clusters with theirrespective courts which are again surrounded by rooms. The concept is derived from the space organizations in a Buddhisttemple where small temples at corners surround the main temple. Each of these clusters with smaller courts around the maincourt is a mandala in itself which attribute to the essence of the main court, thus becoming the part of the whole and the rest.The veranda brings transition from inside to outside, thus making rooms and central court a continuous element and notseparate entities. The layout is based on strict symmetry, which is the most important feature of Buddhist architecture. Theproportion of space given for the whole (Main Central Court) is much larger than space given for individual cells, enhancing atypical dwelling character of the great Nalanda University.

The phenomenal existence of the world is explained under the doctrine of dependentorganization.

SymbolicallyrepresentedMandala

Entrance

Entrance Entrance

Entrance

Main Central Court

Rooms

Court Court

CourtCourt

Court

Court Court

Court

Direct entrance to the main courtof tourist accommodation(2)from all four sides

True Expressions OfKarma (Past)

Influence of ConcentrationOn Karm, Sila( Morality)

Karma The CommonFactor Of Causal Chain

Meditation Hall

Museum

Exhibition Space

Workshop For Dharma Art

True Expressions OfKarma (Present)

Sila (Morality)Induced By Karma

Samadhee(Meditation)

Prajana (Wisdom)

Architectonic of path for perfection andpurification exhibited by (Trishiksha)

The main center comprises of workshop, exhibition hall,museum and meditation hall. The design for this center isdeveloped emphasizing Bodhisattva (sentient) that can beattained by trishiksha (three lessons) namely Sila (Morality),Samadhee (meditation) and Prajana (wisdom)

View of tourist accommodation (2)

Enlarged view of touristaccommodation(2) showinghierarchy of courts

The proposal for rehabilitation of Pratapnagar slumwon 2nd prize in an urban design contest 2005,Katha-EU, commissioned by European Union. Theproposed plan aimed at developing a program forphase wise construction at Pratapnagar, JogeshwariEast, Mumbai. The main agenda of the plan was tostudy and apply various re-generating financialschemes that can be used for economicallysustainable development of mass housing.Research comprised extensive study of the socio-political conditions and legislative norms associatedwith the slums in Mumbai. Study of economics andstudy of government initiatives for grants, loans andother financial supports were also involved for theplanning of this project.

People of Pratapnagar who would be thedeveloper of the project will form a co-operativehousing society. The first and foremost action to theproject would be land pooling by negotiations withthe land owners who have currently rented theseland parcels at a very low price to the people ofPratapnagar. This situation would be taken inadvantage of people of Pratapnagar by offering adecent price to the landowners for their land. Thisway people of Pratapnagar would acquire landownership in partnership , where at present theyonly have right to use the land. The project costwould be recovered from the profit made by sellingthe sale component in various proportions of the lastsix phases and revenue generated by commercialhub. to theresidents of Pratapnagar and to the new tenementsof sale component as shareholders. The originalland owners will get their money as per the currentmarket land rate, worth in a proportional exchange totheir land parcels.

Next would be the fund collection by bank loanand fund raising for first capital investment in

O v e r v i e w o f D e v e l o p m e n t P r o g r a m1.

The Land would be redistributed

2.

developing the commercial strip of western plot.The third is implementing the seven sets of phase

wise construction.1st phase is the development ofcommercial hub and the last 6 phases are theconstruction of sale and rehabilitation buildings.

The commercial centers will play the mostsignificant role in governing the finance of the projectfrom construction to future maintenance of thebuildings. The combination of sale and rehabcomponent in each building would help insubsidizing the housing price by gaining profit at unitlevel for Pratap Nagar.

The loan amount is Rs.55500/ tenement @ 9% interestfor 10 years from HUDKO under fixed rate repaymentscheme. Amount collected from each rehab. tenementswill be Rs. 20,000. The high tenement density of602.2/hectare ie. 2760 people on total area of

is a great strength in initial fund collection.

to be rehabilitated are onThe total plot area would

include the extra land purchased from neighboringsettlement for accommodating services and communityspace which would be commonly shared by anotherneighborhood.

=(2760\45833.6)x10000= 45833.6 sqmts = net plotArea)The net density being 602.2 allows an alongwith the of total built up of rehab.component. The TDR will be sold in the market in future,which would be useful for generating money formaintenance of buildings.

Considering 2.5 FSI the

2760x21=

The will go to, which makes total sale tenements of

1862, where 1840 tenements are of 30sqmts each and22 tenements are of 45 sqmts each, which are pure salecomponents.

3.

Details:

112000sqm,

Total no. of tenements 2760total plot area of 112000sqm.

Tenement density per hectare602.2, (

FSI of 2.5TDR of 1.33%

total built up=2.5x =114584sqmts.

57960sqmts is the total built up for rehabcomponents of 2760 tenements.

remaining 56610sqmts salecomponents

45833.6sqmts

Jan 2005:Urban Design Contest, Katha-EU; a prize winning entry in aninternational design competition

Commercial Phase: 7 phases 1st phase isCommercial phase last 6 phases are rehab construction phases

The social housing scheme is worked out in out of whichand . 1st Three phases would be of one year

each. Total amount of Rs. 20,83,80,000(in Crores) would be available for developing commercial hub. Amountinvested in developing commercial plot would be Rs. 108503840cr.The remaining amount of Rs. 9,98,76,160would be kept in the fixed deposit as principal amount to mature for an yr.There are 46 buildings of type B1 that accommodates 60 rehabtenements and 40 sale tenements. Type B2 is pure sale components with22 sale components.

Transit accommodation of 240tenements would be built in this phase,out of which 108 tenements fromc o m m e r c i a l p l o t w o u l d b eaccommodated first. The transitaccommodation would be built aboveexisting structures in slum. Thusconverting some of the existing groundstructures at Pratapnagar into G+1 orG+2, transit accommodation can beworked out at less price and withoutoccupying extra space on site. Graphshows the five no. of cycles in which240 transits accommodation would beused in first five construction phasesand last phase would occupy only 60-transit accommodation.

Existing structurewith transitaccommodationalong the JVLRroad

Original structure atPratapnagar

REHAB.TENEMENTS

SALECOMP.TENEMENTS

PERRESIDENTIAL

60 40

IN TOTALRESIDENTIAL

2760 1862

Bld.Type

No.rehab

componen

ts

No. of

sale

componen

ts

bu/rehab.co

mp. In sqm

bu

/sale.comp

in sqm.

bu of

rehab.comp.

In sqm

bu of

sale.comp.

in sqm

Total B U

of bld. In

sqm cost /sq ft

Total cost

of

constructio

n

B1 60 40 21 30 57960 56610 1295.2 600 20904528

B2 0 22 0 45 0 990 1410 600 9102960

In rate ofsale component would bers.5600/sq.ft. Profit made ineach building of this phase is72%. (Coast of constructionincludes land coast)

last three phases,

JV

LR

road

In first three phases the rate ofS.C is 3500/sq.ft.Profit made ineach building of this phase is8.09%

TRANSIT ACCOMO-DATION ALONGJVLR

TRANSIT ACCOMO-DATION ALONGJVLR

PHASE 1

Sale component unit

Rehab / ews unit

Soft paved area

Service/passage areas

Interconnecting terraces

Elevator

Semi private space(Study area)

Semi private area(Toilet/bath)

Public space(Sitting/sleeping area)

Public space

HIERARCHY OF SPACES

Types of ModulesView of Building Arrangements

PLANNING AT UNIT LEVEL:All Design derivations are as per FSI norms for slumrehabilitation projects, Mumbai.

EWS( Economic Weaker Section) unit:

Design considerations:

Module Building Level

Design Considerations at Module level:

Considering thesocial aspects, legal and economic constraints, the unitsare designed as follows.

The minimum carpet area provided is 20.25 sq mThere is no mezzanine of more than 1.5 m in width or itwould get included in the used FSI.The maximum height of the unit can be up to 4.12 m. andwe have provided 4 m for low rise high densitydevolvement.

Guiding factor was makingthe dwelling sensitive to the needs of people.Form of the unit would be flexible. A single partition wallbetween the two units would allow future expansion inframed structures with 30 sq.m or 21 sq .m units.A mezzanine built over the beams would provide forvertical accommodation.Maximum circulation with free flow of spacePrivacy from outside with singly loaded corridors andstaggering the building blocks in section.Providing at least two external wall faces for each unitCultural implication manifested in subtle gestures likethe position of toilets, the level difference of the kitchen

The minimum width between two buildings to be is 3m.For a corridor which is the only access to a unit, themaximum width free of FSI can be up to 2.5m.Lift & staircase lobby areas are not counted in the FSIAbuilding is provided with a lift if it exceeds 24m height.

Building orientation would be such that the higherstructure in the module would shade some terraceportion of the lower structure.Providing a sense of boundary to each building by virtueof form without demarcating a physical boundary.Providing the service cores like lifts on the externalfacade making it lively /usable.Allowing light &ventilation in service areas &corridorsPromoting multiple and overlapping land usagesOne sided corridors to units for privacy concernsMaintaining visual contact with outside and connectingbuildings at multiple levels for interesting vistas andbreaking away from standardization of mass housing.Saving elevator costs by connecting three and fivestorey buildings and making the terrace space activewith mixed use.

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CONCEPTUAL LANDUSE PATTERN

HIERARCHY OF ROADS

RETAINING THE NODAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

PROPOSED LANDUSE

Commercial

Residential

Public amenities

Industrial

Commercial

Industrial

Public amenities

Recreational

Institutional

Nodes/junctions

Commercial

Industrial

Public amenities

Recreational

Institutional

Residential

Vehicular access

8 m wide road

6 m wide road

Parking

12 m wide service road

30 m wide jvlr

MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT

WE

ST

ER

NE

XP

RE

SS

HIG

HW

AY

SERVICE ROAD 10 M WIDE

G+3 building

G+5 building

Building courts

Master Plan Level:�

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Adopting a self financing approach by phased outdevelopmentProvision for cross subsidy for equitable sharing ofresources.Ensuring that the overall land use reflect economic planningin the Indian context by cost effective proposalsAllowing design accommodate future growth byadvancement of structural design and with incrementaldesign process adopted for vertical and horizontalexpansion.Incorporation of the basic community and institutionalfacilitiesPlacement of the community amenities (at nodes and center)Providing a tangible focus in localities with which people canidentify places easily and providing an organized hierarchy ofopen spaces, commercial spaces and roadsPay and park services and commercial activities along JVLR.Achieve an overall cohesion of different areas and activitiesProviding small scale and cottage industries along theservice road, towards the north eastern part of the site foreasy transportation of goods and to get maximum privilege ofnatural wind for throwing away the polluted air from theresidential lots.Creating nodes and landmarks to identify withInterweaving useable green spaces ( in courts) instead ofmerely providing huge chunks of green areas thus allowingintegration of environmental areas into the more frequentlyusable areas like pedestrian path waysEnhancing the nodes/junctions by their functionaldifferentiation and thus creating an urban pattern analogousto the existing nodal developments.Peripheral roads to serve as service roads and mobileeconomic activities and informal markets encouraged alongthe roads by provision of adequate footpath spaces.

JVL

PREH

R

EX

IGH

N

3

R

0

W

E

A

M

Y

W

S

IDETO

WA

R

DS

EAT

SS

Commercial area

Vehicular access

Interconnecting terraces

Public amenities

Institutional buildings

Recreational area

Industrial area

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Site Section

The analysis of Railway Board Building, Shimla was donefor the louis I kahn Trophy of annual NASA 2004 (NationalAssociation of Student of Architecture). This competitionfocuses on documentation and analysis of heritagebuildings. The analysis was done by me in the context ofconstruction techniques of late 19th century in earthquakeprone regions, ancient construction techniques ofRomanesque period, and the various architectural stylesadhering to the then European philosophy of rationaleclecticism .The entry was rewarded with 1st prize in thecompetition.

Railway Board building built in 1987 is a good example ofconstruction techniques used to prevent the impact ofearthquake in Himachal Pradesh, India. It uses the thenmodern technique as well as the ancient techniquestogether to show the best example of earthquake resistantbuilding till today. The construction of this building employsthe right use of material property (Ductility of cast iron incolumns), use of eccentric bracing systems for makingframes flexible, use of corrugated iron sheets for makingslabs light weight and use of ancient Groin volt system inlime mortar for steady foundation. All these differenttechniques helps the structure to resist lateral seismicpressure. The buttresses positioned at the corners areanother design feature that helps in resisting soil pressurethus stabilizing the building right from its foundation. Thecorner of the rectangular shaped buildings are smartlystaggered in a way that it helps resist split due to seismicpressure. (NASA, 2004)

The iron alloy interlaced into the built fabric ofthe entire city of Shimla with its vast use in late18 and early 19th century especially aftercommencement of railway board building.

th

Introduction of mass-producedindustrial material inconstruction

Prefabrication method ofconstruction with steel and iron

·Speed in construction·Economical construction·Construction on contoured sitebecame easier·Construction Innovation withnew material made possible·Construction of earthquakeresistant and fire resistantbuildings made possible·Enhancement of structuralelements in terms of strength,durability and aesthetics madepossible.·British affinity for utilitarianarchitecture

' S h i m l a ' t h esummer capital ofBritish government

Shimla anattraction beingtourist spot

Growth ofpopulation

Need for housing

Influence ofsteel inhousing

RailwayBoardBuilding(1896-1897)

Shimla RailwayStation (1903-1904)

Emergence of steel and ironconstruction in Shimla.

Led to the need forg r a n d l o o k i n gbureaucratic and otherimportant buildings asBritish used architectureas a symbol of power.

contributed, inmass migration ofpeople from otherparts of country.

Armyheadquarters (1882-

2005: NASA, Analysis and Documentation ofRailway Board Building, Shimla.Rizvi College Of Architecture ( 1st Prize)

IRELAND

Seeds of iron construction sown by Europe

Got stimulated by AmericaShowed its influence

onIndia

NEW YORK

FRANCE

EUROPE

AMERICA

Thiruvananthpuram

History of cast iron and steel

Railway board

N

The railway board buildinghas combination of bothshear trusses and shearframe interacting with eachother and thus makes thestructural framework ofshear truss-frames.

The age-old metal, the iron alloy with high carbon content, was too costly to produce in large quantities untilthe mid 18th century, when new furnace technology in England made it more economical for constructionuses by mass production. Beauxe-Arts architecture favored by the Ecole Des Beauxe- Arts in late 19thcentury France, adopted in the U.S, is characterized by the philosophy of rational eclecticism which focuseson functional, symmetrical planning with good circulation and the elective use of architectural pattern andfeatures from various sources.Architect Henry Irwin uses a similar concept in the design of the Railway boardbuilding following the principles of rational eclecticism.Built in 1896- 97, at a cost of Rs. 731, 551, this unique colonial style cast iron and steel structure wasfabricated by Bombay based Richardson and Cruddas firm. The building was the secretariat office, situatedon the main mall road, now occupied by the railway board and commerce department.

There are two types of bracing system used in theRailway board building a) pure diagonal bracingsystem and b) eccentric diagonal bracing system.

a) Pure diagonal bracing system is used to resistlateral wind pressure as it makes the frame very rigid.b) Eccentric diagonal bracing system helps resistwind as well as seismic pressure. It helps inmaintaining the ductility of the structural frame.

h

1/2h

1/2h

Pure Diagonal Bracing

h3/4h

1/4h

Eccentric Diagonal Bracing

True Internal Basement atFirst Level

Peripheral Exposed FoundationBasement at Second and Third Level

Arched Profile of Lime, Surkhi, Aggregate

Railway board building stands as the combination ofclarity of functional arrangement and directness ofcirculation. The structure exploited new buildingmaterials expressed in a straightforward way,emphasizing the utility. The building is like a prototypein the evolution of housing with steel influence.

INDIA

Jhansi

Delhi

Chandigarh

Madhya Pradesh

Calcutta

Mandi

Shrinagar

Ahmedabad

SuratMumbai

PuneHyberabad

Banglore

Chennai

Section AA’

Section BB’

Section CC’

Healing with Cosmic Powerof Sound

The site has religious importance and is known for its Kunds (ponds) and Temples that many people visit every year. The pSound Healing center will harmonize the sanctity of place by introducing a new way of attaining mental peace.

roposed

View at “Z”

A

A’B’

B

C’

C

“Z”

“Q”View at “Q”

Window Detail

N

Dec 2003: Third Year Design Project; Sound Healing CenterAt Trimbayakshwar, Nasik

Sec CC’

Sec DD’

Sec AA’

Sec BB’

Second Year Interior Design Project, Site: Office at Bandra, Mumbai:The project was done for a retail that was converted into office by including it’s basement with height of8.5 feet. The Office has basement with cubicles for officers and first floor for other employees.

B B’

A A’

C’

C

D

D’Plan at Ground Floor Plan at Basement

Terrace Garden Plan

Section BB’

Section AA’View

A A’

B’

August 2002-Second Yearlandscape design ProjectSite: 6th floor Terraceapartment at karter road,Bandra w. Mumbai.

River side development at Lonawala,Maharashtra- Indrayani river

T h e r i v e r s i d el a n d s c a p i n g i sa c h i e v e d b ye n h a n c i n g t h ee x i s t i n g n a t u r a lfeatures of the sitei t se l f . Rock Cu tfurniture, Ghats, cavelike elements hidingwithin the contoursare some interestingfeatures of the design.This recreational parkalong the river side isdesigned for visitorsand residents ofL o n a w a l a f o ractivities like boating,f i sh ing , wa lk ing ,playing, swimminga n d r e l a x i n g i ne x i s t i n g n a t u r a lenvironment.

Ghats with stone paving and stone steps

canopy under Mangoand Guava trees

canopy under Mangoand Guava trees Cave within contours-

play area for childrenCave within contours-play area for children

Site

Ghats along the river

Site PlanApril 2002: Second year Landscapeproject

September 2001: First Year Basic Design Exercise with Forms, Shapes and Shadows