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Sydney Hines

American History II

6th 

JFK Terms

1. Trade Expansion Act: (enacted October 11, 1962) this allowed the United

States Congress to grant the White House exceptional authority to change

tariff reductions up to 50%

2.Charles De Gualle: (Charles Andre Joseph Marie de Gaulle; Nov. 22, 1890-

Nov. 9, 1970) WWI veteran. During WWII he was a French general, also a

statesman who led the Free French Forces. In 1958, he founded the French

Fifth Republic and became President for ten years, 59-69. Escaped to Britain

and gave a famous address over the radio, this was broadcasted by the BBC

(June 18, 1940) encouraging his French people to resist against the Nazis 

3. Fidel Castro: a Cuban, on July 26, 1953 he led an attack on the strongest garrison of Fulgencio Batista. Cuba’s dictator as the time. The purpose of this

attack was to overthrow Batista. It was unsuccessful and Fidel was tried with

treason and was sentenced 15 years in prison but was released in 1955. In

1959, he led another attack and succeeded, he had overthrown the Batista

government and replaced it with his own.

4. Robert F. Kennedy: brother of President John F. Kennedy, assassinated 5

years after while as presidential candidate in 1968. Started his education at 

Harvard then left to enlist in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After, he

completed his degree then at the University of Virginia he earned his law

degree. He worked very closely with his brother during John’s campaigns.

5. Lyndon B. Johnson: President John F. Kennedy’s Vice President during hisfew years in office. After President Kennedy as assassinated, Lyndon

assumed the Presidential position.

6. Robert F. McNamara: served under both President John F. Kennedy and

President Lyndon B. Johnson as Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968, he

oversaw military strategies and policies during the Cold War and Vietnam

War.

7.Lee Harvey Oswald: accused of assassinating President John F. Kennedy on

November 22, 1963. Shot Kennedy, while he was in a motorcade travelling

through Dallas, out of the Texas School Book Depository on the sixth floor. He

was never tried for the crime. Two days after his arrest he was shot to death

by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner, at Dallas police headquarters.8. New Frontier: Kennedy’s domestic program that provided Federal funding

for education, medical care for the elderly, and the end of racial segregation

9. Peace Corps: started by President John Kennedy, purpose was to help other

people from other countries to meet national needs, to understand the other

people of the world

10. Alliance for Progress: this alliance was aimed to establish economic

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cooperation between North and South America. Billions was spent. 

11. Bay of Pigs: launched in April 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of CIA-trained

Cuban exiles on southern Cuba. Supported by US armed forces to overthrow

Fidel Castro’s government. 

12.Operation Mongoose: operations against Fidel Castro’s communist 

government in Cuba. developed during the earlier years of President John F.Kennedy by the CIA. this went into effect after the Bay of Pigs invasion failed. On

Nov. 30, 1961, Operation Mongoose was led by General Edward Lansdale, of the

Air Force. 

13. Cuban Missile Crisis: quarrel between the United States, Cuba and Soviet 

Union in October 1962, this brought these nations extremely close to nuclear

war

14. “No Cities/Conference” Strategy:

15. Vostok 1: launched on April 12, 1961 by the Soviet Union, it was the first 

time a human entered outer space and the orbital flight by a manned vehicle.

The cosmonaut aboard was Yuri Gagarin. The Vostok 1 complete one orbit 

around the Earth in 108 minutes. 

16. The Tsar bomb: Russian, nicknamed for the AN602 hydrogen bomb, the

largest and most powerful nuclear weapn ever detonated, making it the most 

dangerous weapon in the world. 

17. German Democratic Republic: established in 1948, GBR was the socialist 

state in the Soviet Zone in Germany and in East Berlin.

18. The Berlin Wall: the Berlin Wall was a barrier that completely surrounded

West Berlin and closed off the East Germans from 1961 to 1989; 28 long years.

This wall served as a symbol of the Cold War’s division of both the East and West 

Germanys. 19. Checkpoint Charlie: the crossing at the Berlin Wall between East and West 

Berlin during the Cold War.

20. Limited Test Ban Treaty: a treaty that doesn’t allow any testing of nuclear

weapons unless done underground. The treaty was arranged after concerns of 

radioactive fallout from above-ground nuclear test arose in the 40s and 50s