jesse crow & mary francis baxter. uses system of negative/positive feedback positive feedback...
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Endocrine System
Jesse Crow & Mary Francis Baxter
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Endocrine System and Homeostasis
Uses system of negative/positive feedback Positive feedback is rare
• High levels of one hormone = release of another
• 2nd hormones usually causes secretion decrease
• Hypothalamus releases inhibiting or stimulating hormones
Neg.-regulates secretion of hormones• Most maintained at certain concentration
One cycle is thyroid• Regulates energy consumption• Protein production• calcium level in blood
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Most organisms have an endocrine system if they have circulatory and nervous systems
Before endocrine, hormones were released by nervous system
Cells of nervous system eventually formed glands
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Relationship to Nervous System
Nervous system responds to emotional stress
Hypothalamus-tissue of brain• Registers info• Sends messages to autonomic nervous system
Occurs in lower vertebrates/invertebrates
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Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Parathyroids Posterior pituitary Thymus Anterior pituitary Pancreas Thyroid Gonads Adrenal glandPineal gland
Hormones of the pancreas
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Peptide Hormone composed of amino acids can range from 3-4 amino acids to
entire polypeptide example: insulin and ADH Bind with receptor, work quickly Change in cell’s enzymes
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Steroid Hormone
Ring-shaped Lipids made from cholesterol Form in adrenal glands and gonads Examples: oestrogens and progestins Bind to nuclear receptors
-enter DNA -transcribes target
Genes
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Diseases in the Endocrine System
Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism
Cushings Syndrome
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Diabetes Cause
• Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin• Insulin normally carries sugar to blood for
energy• (metabolism)
Severe results: blindness, heart disease, and kidney failure
Type 1:loss of insulin Type 2:insulin resistance Symptoms:
-frequent urination-increased thirst-increased hunger
Treatment-insulin injections
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Hyperthyroidism Treatment:
-Anti-thyroid medications-Radioactive iodine-Surgery to remove the thyroid
Symptoms:-Difficulty concentrating-Frequent bowel movements-fatigue-increased sweating and appetite
Causes• Inflammation of thyroid gland• Non-cancerous growths on thyroid• Tumors on testes/ovaries• Too much iodine
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Cushings Syndrome ACTH(adrenocorticotrophin
hormone)-producing pituitary tumor causes overproduction of cortisol
• by the adrenal glands Symptoms:
• Weight gain• Sleep disturbance• depression
Treatment options: removal of tumor
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Works Cited http://www.google.com/imgres?q=steroid+hormones&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&biw=1280&bih=933&tbm=isch&tbnid=pyKz9KA72NttNM:&imgrefurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/ch47c1.html&docid=NBWmk1qyJfzsyM&imgurl=http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/47/images/ch47c1.gif&w=432&h=307&ei=cmRwT5ayOozQgAeH_oVs&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=182&vpy=440&dur=376&hovh=189&hovw=266&tx=126&ty=107&sig=104984583406905570724&page=2&tbnh=134&tbnw=189&start=30&ndsp=36&ved=1t:429,
r:0,s:30
http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/biology/chapter9section1.rhtml
http://fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~mmalacho/physio/oll/Lesson2/transduct.html
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/nervous.htm
http://www.hormone.org/endocrine_system_diseases.cfm
http://www.medicalook.com/Diabetes/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001396/
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=hypothalamus&um=1&hl=en&safe=active&biw=1280&bih=827&tbm=isch&tbnid=kanVdhI3c4skYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html&docid=qDVGyri6UFQHEM&imgurl=http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/sagpit.jpg&w=350&h=250&ei=Q1d0T6KsHsio0AGnpImDAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=78&sig=105769914419866040626&page=1&tbnh=134&tbnw=188&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&tx=142&ty=30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzjjW--I-2Q&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://uvahealth.com/services/pituitary-neuroendocrine/conditions-treatments/cushings-disease?gclid=CKGxkf2QjK8CFcYRNAodkiiDJw