jesse caldwell & jon schwank mae 268. flight on micro level types of flight (mav’s) rotary ...
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Jesse Caldwell & Jon Schwank
MICROMECHANICAL FLIGHT
MAE 268
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OVERVIEW
Flight on micro level Types of Flight (MAV’s)
Rotary Flapping
MAV Aerodynamics Current Designs Future Applications Possible Improvements
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INTRODUCTION
Can flight be achieved on MEMS level? No self-contained MEMS flyers yet
3 types of locomotion: Classical airfoil, Re > 104
Flapping flight,10<Re<104
Drag-based, Re<10
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INTRODUCTION
Flight at the micro level is distinctly different Laminar flow, Re < 103
Viscous forces dominate Non-steady state locomotion Boundary layer thickness
~ chord length
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FLIGHT ON MICRO LEVEL
Conventional aerodynamics only accounts for ~30% of MAV lift Increase in drag coefficient Large decrease in lift to drag
ratio Flight is not possible with
conventional aerodynamics alone
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TYPES OF FLIGHT (MAV’S)
Generating more lift: Unsteady flapping or rotation
– Can generate two additional lift mechanisms Mimicking Insects Extremely difficult to mimic
Typical insect wing stroke showing the wing tip location and angle of attack.
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INSECT FLIGHT
Three Lift Mechanisms Conventional Aerodynamics Leading Edge Vorticity (LEV) Wake capture
Lift
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ROTARY MICROFLIGHT
Can still harness all three MAV lift forces w/o mimicking insects Blade-vortex interaction
~wake capture LEV form on leading edge
Advantages to Rotary Simple to control Easy to fabricate
Disadvantages Large surface beneath for
MEMS
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CURRENT DESIGNS
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FUTURE APPLICATIONS
Implantation of MEMS into Insects Surveillance & intelligence Search & rescue Military
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POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS
Stacking comb drives Relieves Surface
Area 2-3 Story Stack Up Increases force 5
times
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TORSIONAL RATCHETING ACTUATER
Direct conversion to rotary motion Low actuation voltage ~ 18-35 V Easily Controlled (Square Wave) Advantages
Generates large torques Disadvantages
Failure at high speeds
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GEARING
Gear Train Multiple gears to increase
Torque or Speed Convert high torque to
high speed Ideal solution for TRA
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CONCLUSION
Flight on the Micro level What works and
What doesn’t Looking to nature Current Design Future Ideas Possible
Improvements
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QUESTIONS?