Jerusalem – Conflicts, IssuesJerusalem – Conflicts, Issuesand Policy Makingand Policy Making

40 years of reunification40 years of reunification

Israel KimhiIsrael Kimhi

JIIS

Jerusalem – Jerusalem – A National and International Core IssueA National and International Core Issue

Global interest in the cityGlobal interest in the city Three monotheistic religionsThree monotheistic religions Symbolic and cultural valuesSymbolic and cultural values

The main conflict in the Middle East The main conflict in the Middle East – potential worldwide Implications– potential worldwide Implications

Acute internal social, economic, Acute internal social, economic, religious and cultural conflictsreligious and cultural conflicts

A microcosm of Israeli societyA microcosm of Israeli society Currently – at a crucial crossroadsCurrently – at a crucial crossroads

Good decisionGood decisionmaking is essentialmaking is essential

2008

HarHoma

JIIS

Jerusalem InstituteJerusalem Institutefor Israel Studies (JIIS)for Israel Studies (JIIS)

Non-profit organizationNon-profit organization

Unique on the Israeli sceneUnique on the Israeli scene

Established 30 years ago by Teddy Kollek and the Hebrew Established 30 years ago by Teddy Kollek and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, supported mainly by the Charles H. University of Jerusalem, supported mainly by the Charles H. Revson foundation.Revson foundation.

Provides a constant flow of relevant, and accurate Provides a constant flow of relevant, and accurate data, policy data, policy papers and background material, papers and background material, for use by local & national for use by local & national decision makers and the general public. decision makers and the general public.

These studies are accompanied by These studies are accompanied by applicable applicable recommendationsrecommendations and solutions, brought forward by leading and solutions, brought forward by leading academics and practitioners.academics and practitioners.

JIIS

JIIS’ Main study clustersJIIS’ Main study clusters

JerusalemJerusalem

Israeli – Palestinian conflict - Israeli – Palestinian conflict - alternative & solutions alternative & solutions

Environmental policyEnvironmental policy

Social-Economic policySocial-Economic policy

JIIS

חזקות על קרקעחזקות על קרקע

Israeli – Palestinian conflict and the Israeli – Palestinian conflict and the Peace NegotiationPeace NegotiationJIIS

Selected Recent Projects - PlanningSelected Recent Projects - Planning Comprehensive Master Plan for the Jerusalem regionComprehensive Master Plan for the Jerusalem region

Master Plan for educational institutions in the Arab Master Plan for educational institutions in the Arab sector of East Jerusalemsector of East Jerusalem

Master plan for cultural institutions for the Jewish Ultra-Master plan for cultural institutions for the Jewish Ultra-Orthodox community Orthodox community

Master plan for the city's librariesMaster plan for the city's libraries

Proposed new functional division to boroughsProposed new functional division to boroughs

Overall strategic plan for the visual basin of the Old CityOverall strategic plan for the visual basin of the Old City

JIIS

Selected Recent Projects – Selected Recent Projects – Environmental PolicyEnvironmental Policy

Policy plan for the Dead Sea and its environsPolicy plan for the Dead Sea and its environs

Policy plan for the Israel’s coastal cliffsPolicy plan for the Israel’s coastal cliffs

Policies for reducing carbon emissionsPolicies for reducing carbon emissions

Policies for water managementPolicies for water management

Environmental legislation in IsraelEnvironmental legislation in Israel

Water needs of Israelis and PalestiniansWater needs of Israelis and Palestinians

Open spacesOpen spaces

Contaminated lands policiesContaminated lands policies

Use patterns of the built environmentUse patterns of the built environment

Innovative approaches to environmental quality and the quality of Innovative approaches to environmental quality and the quality of urban lifeurban life

JIIS

Selected Recent Projects – Policy PapersSelected Recent Projects – Policy Papers A think-tank on possible peace alternatives for A think-tank on possible peace alternatives for

JerusalemJerusalem

The Annual Jerusalem Statistical YearbookThe Annual Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook

Indicators for the measurement of Jerusalem as a Indicators for the measurement of Jerusalem as a component in Israel's national securitycomponent in Israel's national security

The security fenceThe security fence Study of implications on the cityStudy of implications on the city Residents’ attitudes towards the fenceResidents’ attitudes towards the fence Advising the National Security CouncilAdvising the National Security Council

Neighborhood profiles for JerusalemNeighborhood profiles for Jerusalem

JIIS

Selected Recent Projects – EvaluationSelected Recent Projects – Evaluation

Community Believes in EducationCommunity Believes in Education (Arab, Ultra- (Arab, Ultra-Orthodox, and others)Orthodox, and others)

Empowerment of Ultra-Orthodox single mothersEmpowerment of Ultra-Orthodox single mothers

Advancement of the health of elderly women in the Advancement of the health of elderly women in the KatamonimKatamonim

Community gardensCommunity gardens

Arab and Jewish youths coexistenceArab and Jewish youths coexistence

JIIS

Ways of Exerting InfluenceWays of Exerting Influence Projects that are initiated by the municipality, government, public Projects that are initiated by the municipality, government, public

institutions, and moreinstitutions, and more PlanningPlanning Accompanying and assessing EvaluationAccompanying and assessing Evaluation

Participation in municipal and public committees as experts and Participation in municipal and public committees as experts and advisersadvisers

Holding of conferences open to the public and seminars for Holding of conferences open to the public and seminars for professionals and decision-makersprofessionals and decision-makers

Distribution of policy papersDistribution of policy papers

Reports to the mediaReports to the media

A regular weekly column in a local newspaperA regular weekly column in a local newspaper

Distribution of information via the Institute's web siteDistribution of information via the Institute's web site

JIIS

Jerusalem – Main IssuesJerusalem – Main Issues

BordersBorders PopulationPopulation EconomyEconomy Metropolitan areaMetropolitan area Israeli-Palestinian conflictIsraeli-Palestinian conflict The Security FenceThe Security Fence

Jerusalem

Beer Sheva

Tel-Aviv - Yafo

Haifa

JIIS

Natural Setting - TopographyNatural Setting - Topography

Natural Natural BordersBorders

WatershedWatershed

Between the Between the desert & the desert & the green landgreen land

JIIS

GrowthGrowth of the Built-up of the Built-up

AreaArea Modern Modern

Jerusalem is Jerusalem is only 150 years only 150 years old old

Source: Martin GilbertSource: Martin Gilbert

JIIS

Changes in the Municipal BordersChanges in the Municipal BordersJIIS

Population Growth in JerusalemPopulation Growth in Jerusalem 1967-2006 (000) 1967-2006 (000)

YearYear1967196720062006GrowthGrowth (%)(%)

JewsJews198198))74%74%((481481))66%66%((143143

ArabsArabs6969))26%26%((252252))34%34%((268268

TotalTotal266266))100%100%((733733))100%100%((175175

JIIS

Population projectionsZPopulation projectionsZ

200620062020202020352035

JewsJews66%66%60%60%50%50%

ArabsArabs34%34%40%40%50%50%

JIIS

The Main Economic ProblemsThe Main Economic Problems

Poor city – large families (Arabs & U.Orthodox Jews)Poor city – large families (Arabs & U.Orthodox Jews)

Low participation in the labor forceLow participation in the labor force

Out-migration of young & educated people, middle classOut-migration of young & educated people, middle class

Unbalanced occupational structureUnbalanced occupational structure

Low governmental aid to the cityLow governmental aid to the city

Impact of the Israeli-Palestinian conflictImpact of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

The security fence – losing the hinterlandThe security fence – losing the hinterland

Shortage of housing & jobs for young peopleShortage of housing & jobs for young people

JIIS

JerusalemJerusalemTel-AvivTel-AvivIsraelIsrael

Public sectorPublic sector48%48%26%26%32%32%

Financial Financial servicesservices13%13%33%33%17%17%

IndustryIndustry7%7%8%8%16%16%

Employed PersonsEmployed Personsby Economic Branch-2006by Economic Branch-2006

JIIS

Income per capita - 2004Income per capita - 2004

JerusalemJerusalemTel Tel AvivAvivHaifaHaifaBe’er-Be’er-

shevasheva

1,9621,9624,4584,4583,4853,4853,1013,101

JIIS

Changes in The Metropolitan AreaChanges in The Metropolitan AreaFrom dead end to central locationFrom dead end to central location

Since 1967 Jerusalem Since 1967 Jerusalem has resumed its has resumed its metropolitan statusmetropolitan status

During the last 40 years During the last 40 years the metropolitan area the metropolitan area grew rapidly to 1.6 million grew rapidly to 1.6 million people, 78% are people, 78% are PalestiniansPalestinians

JIIS

Jerusalem Metropolitan AreaJerusalem Metropolitan Area

The metropolitan area"The green line"

Jerusalem – Municipal area

Ramallah

A-Ram

Bet Shemesh

Abu Dis

Mevaseret Zion

Abu Gosh Maale Adumim

Bethlehem

EfratGush Etzion

Givat Zeev

JIIS

Terror attacks - dataTerror attacks - data

30% of the terror attacks on Israel between30% of the terror attacks on Israel between2000 - 2003 took place in the Jerusalem area2000 - 2003 took place in the Jerusalem area

Since 1967 - close to 500 terrorist attacks in Since 1967 - close to 500 terrorist attacks in Jerusalem & its environsJerusalem & its environs

Close to 3,000 casualties in Jerusalem, of which Close to 3,000 casualties in Jerusalem, of which 520 were fatalities, approximately half of them 520 were fatalities, approximately half of them during the last three years of the Intifada during the last three years of the Intifada

JIIS

Typical section of the fenceTypical section of the fence

Source: Ministry of Defence

JIIS

The Route of the Security FenceThe Route of the Security FenceCurrently Executed Route

Fence separating Palestinians from Palestinians, creating conflicts

JIIS

Impact on the city:Impact on the city:

Demography Demography

EconomyEconomy

Public servicesPublic services

Transportation & infrastructureTransportation & infrastructure

Metropolitan connections Metropolitan connections

JIIS

The Historic BasinThe Historic Basin95% of the holy places in Jerusalem are within the historic basin95% of the holy places in Jerusalem are within the historic basin

Total area:

618 Acres

JIIS

The Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 2007

Municipal BoroughsMunicipal Boroughs

Functional AutonomyFunctional Autonomy

De-centralization of authority De-centralization of authority to municipal boroughsto municipal boroughs

Possible division into self-Possible division into self-governing boroughsgoverning boroughs

JIIS

Separation fromSeparation from Arab Arab Neighborhoods Neighborhoods

Municipal Border

Security Fence

Armistice Line 1948

Arab Population

Jewish Population

Unchanged

South-East

East

Outside the Fence

North

Core

Zones

Legend

Alternative BorderAlternative Border

179,000

43,000

Palestinian Jerusalemites east of the barrier (Palestinian side)

Palestinian populationJewish populationBarrier route

Palestinian Jerusalemites west of the barrier (Israeli side)

Fortified roadProposed new road

Population balancePopulation balancein Jerusalemin Jerusalem

JIIS

Thank YouThank You

See you soonSee you soon in Jerusalem in Jerusalem

JIIS