La Pucelle

“One life is all we have and we live it as we believe in living it. But to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief, that is a fate more terrible than dying. ”

-Jehanne d’Arc

Explored by Seraphine

Hundred Years WarEnglish and FrenchFrench ThroneMajor Players

Armagnac – Count Bernard VII and Duke Charles of Orleans

Burgundians – Duke John the fearlessCharles Ponthieu (Dauphine)English – King Henry V

Joan

•Born January 6, circa 1412 in Domremy, France•Parents were Jacques and Isabelle d’Arc•Born the middle of 5 children•Argumentative nature and incredible common sense.•Very religious from an early age

Began seeing visions at age 12 or 13

Verbal and visibleSt. Catherine of

Alexandria, St. Margaret of Antioch, and Archangel Michael

Directed her religious life until age 16

Charles of Ponthieu

•Based in the city of Bourges, surrounded•No money, poorly equipped army, doubting his inheritance. •Orleans under siege by English

Joan goes nearby to ask permission to travel. Denied

3rd attempt successful Dresses as a man for travelWent to Chion through

375 miles of enemy territoryMeets with Charles

Myths and legends of meeting

• Tries to convinces Charles she’s divinely inspired• Sent to monastery

• First ultimatum to the English

• Suit of armor and battle standard

• Sword

Reformed the army Charles had acquiredExpelled prostitutes, banned swearing,

confession a requirementVolunteers began pouring in from the

neighboring villagesLa Hire

OrleansApril 25Joan leads army

Headed for English-held church, St. LoupCarried standard

asked again for English surrenderTook Bastille des Augustins and 2

towersWoundedReturned later at night

VictoryVictory at Orleans led to increased supportDeclared divinely inspired

Advised Charles Travel to Reims to be crowned

In the middle of English-held lands

Journey to the CrownPrediction of TroyesOrdered positioning

of troopsTroyes surrendered

Followed by all other cities

Charles crowned July 17, 1429

Family granted noble status

ParisFighting on hold for weak truceJuly 23, 1430

Duke of Alencon and Joan head to retake ParisWoundedCharles orders retreat back to Reims

BOOOOOOOOOO!

CaptureEaster of 1431 voices warn Joan of capture

Before June 24May 23, Joan defends CompiègneBridge is raised behind herSold to English by Jean de LuxembourgDid Charles try to get her back?

4 campaigns to get her by La Hire

Trial

February 21 – May 17 1431Pierre Cauchon (English) All assessors were English supporters or

threatenedHeld in secular military prison

Continued to wear men’s clothing

TrialCourt tried to manipulate Joan

When Joan was asked what dialect her Voice spoke:"A better than yours." and when asked if she believed in God:"Yes, better than you." 

"If I am not, may God put me there; and if I am, may God so keep me. I should be the saddest creature in the world if I knew I were not in His grace"

Questioned about religious knowledge, fairy tree and her visions

Quickly moved into a private hearing Convicted with the charge of cross-dressing

Prison account of eyewitness Declared a “Relapsed Heretic”

Execution

Execution Tied to a pillar visible by the crowd in the marketplace of Rouen

Cried out for Jesus

Many English were afraid of damnation for her burning.

Joan was 19 years old

Travels

AppealAfter English were driven from FranceCourt deemed corrupt in 1456Joan described as a martyr Declared “Venerable” in 1904

“Blessed” in 1908Canonized in 1920

Today

Joan’s image and story used for Popular culture

Anime, television shows, movies, comic books

During WWII to encourage women to support

Stamps and posters

Works Cited Amiel, Louis-Felix. Etienne De Vignoles (mort En 1442), Dit Lahire. 1835. Boutet De Monvel, Louis-Maurice. Joan of Arc Series (F) The Trial of Joan of Arc.

1911. William A. Clark Collection. Cathedral at Reims, Reims. Personal photograph by author. 2006. Coffin, Haskell. "Joan of Arc" Digital image. WW I Poster: Joan of Arc Saved

France. Web. 28 Nov. 2010Fouquet, Jean Karl VII. 1451. Musée de Louvre, Paris. 28 Nov. 2010 <http://xenophongroup.com/montjoie/chas_vii.htm>.

De Fauquembergue, Clément. 10 May 1429. Joan of Arc in the protocol of the parliament of Paris (1429).

Digital image. Jeanne D'Arc Review. 16 Aug. 2007. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.dailygame.net/news/archives/006505.php>.

Doyle, James. Joan of Arc Captured at Compiegne. Groening, Matt. Lisa Simpson as Joan of Arc. Digital image. "The Simpsons" The

Thirteenth Season DVD Review. Dvdizzy.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. Ingres, Jean A. Jeanne d’Arc au sacre du roi Charles VII, dans la cathédrale de

Reims. 1854. Musée de Louvre, Paris. 28 Nov. 2010 <http://www.euroclubschools.co.uk/page48.htm>.

Lenepveu, Jules-Eugène. Joan of Arc Burning at Stake. Thirion, Eugene Jeanne d'Arc. 1876. unknown, unknown. 28 Nov. 2010

<http://http://www.maidofheaven.com/joanofarc_pictures2a.asp>.

Works Cited Email, By. "Long Biography." Joan of Arc - Maid of Heaven: All About Joan of

Arc. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.maidofheaven.com/>. Kreis, Stephen. "Joan of Arc, C.1412-1431." The History Guide -- Main. 2000.

Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://historyguide.org/ancient/joan.html>. Pettinger, T. "Joan of Arc Biography - Biography Online." Biography Online |

Biographies of Inspirational and Famous People. 07 Jan. 2007. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.biographyonline.net/people/joan-of-arc.html>.

Williamson, Allen. "Joan of Arc, July 7th, 1456." Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'Arc) Archive. 2008. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofarc_1456_july_7.html>.

Williamson, Allen. "Joan of Arc's Life - Brief Overview." Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'Arc) Archive. 30 Mar. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/>.

Williamson, Allen. "Motives & Conduct at Joan of Arc's Condemnation Trial." Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'Arc) Archive. 2005. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://archive.joan- of-arc.org/joanofarc_Condemnation_Trial_Motives_Conduct.html>.

Williamson, Allen. "Joan of Arc's Life - Brief Overview." Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'Arc) Archive. 30 Mar. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://archive.joan-of- arc.org/>.