jefferson/louisiana purchase/onset of war

30
pp. 200-211

Upload: kbeacom

Post on 23-Jun-2015

90 views

Category:

Education


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Covers Major Events in the U.S. from 1800 to 1812

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

pp. 200-211

Page 2: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Napoleon named “first consul” of France in 1799

Empirical ambitions France claimed

Louisiana from Spain in 1800

Hoped to est. French empire in America

Page 3: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

French empire in West Indies Guadeloupe, Martinique,

Santo Domingo (Haiti today)

Sugar plantations brought wealth

Slaves revolted in Santo Domingo & created a republic Led by Toussaint

L’Ouverture

Page 4: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

The Adams administration/Federalist party had typically been pro-British

Jefferson administration/Republican Party=pro-French

French & British were at war nearly non-stop from 1792-1815

Jefferson finds out in 1802 that New Orleans/lower Mississippi River is off limits to Americans

Westerners are unhappy/limits their trade

Jefferson instructs Robert Livingston (ambassador to France) to negotiate for the purchase of New Orleans…

Page 5: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

While waiting for Livingston’s response Jefferson prepares for war

Napoleon offers not only New Orleans, but all of Louisiana

Napoleon had given up hopes of a French empire in America Yellow fever wiped out

forces Ships frozen in place

through winter of 1802-1803

Page 6: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Agreement signed on April 30, 1803 $15 million/3 cents per acre

Boundaries were not clearly defined

Page 7: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Jefferson was happy w/ agreement & its terms

But…why was he concerned with the acquisition of Louisiana?

Page 8: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

“the good sense of our country will correct the evil of loose construction when it shall produce ill effects.”

Government organized Louisiana like it had the NW territory Louisiana becomes 18th state in 1812

Page 9: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Louisiana Territory was relatively unknown

Few Americans had ventured west of the Mississippi

Before Purchase Jefferson was planning a westward expedition

Hand-picked Meriwether Lewis as its guide Had been Jefferson’s

personal secretary

Page 10: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Lewis chose William Clark as his co-pilot Experienced

frontiersman

Page 11: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Left St. Louis, MO in April of 1804 4 dozen men Traveled up Missouri River, against the

current Stayed at Ft. Mandan in present-day ND

during winter of 1804-1805 Met Sacajawea, she led expedition from

there Reached Pacific in October of 1805 Back to St. Louis in by September of 1806

Page 12: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War
Page 13: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Made it as far west as Colorado Pike’s Peak

Left Americans of the East believing that Plains & West were uninhabitable & not farmable

Page 14: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

“Not a stick of timber” “These vast plains of the

western hemisphere, may become in time equally celebrated as the sandy deserts of Africa”

1823—Major Stephen Long labels the area the “Great American Desert”

Pike’s Peak, CO

Page 15: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

What was Essex Junto?Why the threat of secession?

Page 16: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

MA, extreme FederalistsThreatened secessionDidn’t get support from Hamilton

Turned to Aaron Burr Supposedly Burr did support secession…

Page 17: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Asked to be Federalist candidate for governor of NY

Rumors he supported Federalist secession

Hamilton accused Burr of treason & said he had “despicable” character

Burr lost & blamed it on Hamilton

Page 18: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel July 11, 1804 near Weehawken, NJBurr wounds Hamilton, Hamilton dies

the next dayBurr was charged with multiple

crimes, but never tried in courtFinish VP term, but political career

was over

Page 19: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War
Page 20: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Before duel, Burr had plotted to capture Mexico

Also, rumors that he hoped to rule a western empire Little evidence

Burr arrested as a traitor, but eventually acquitted

What did the Burr Conspiracy say about the nation in the early 1800s?

Page 21: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

American merchant marine grew rapidly

Controlled much of the trans-Atlantic trade

By 1805 Napoleon controls almost entire European continent

Napoleon bans British trade to Europe

British responds by requiring all good going to Europe to be on British vessels or checked at a British port

America=Rock & Hard Place

Page 22: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

British navy was capturing American sailors & forcing them into service=impressment

British navy was losing manpower & needed replacements

Chesapeake-Leopard incident in 1807 British Leopard opened fire, Americans

surrenderedAmericans wanted revenge

Page 23: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Jefferson & Madison (Sec. of State) tried to keep the peace

Asked Brits to end impressment, but refused to do so

Page 24: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

The Embargo (Act)—Ended American exports to all foreign countries Hurt merchants, esp. in New England Led to economic downturn

Jefferson replaced Embargo w/ Non-Intercourse Act Only banned trade w/ France & Britain Ban lifted in 1810

Page 25: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Jefferson’s plan: Natives could assimilate into settled farmers or move West of the Mississippi

W. H. Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory from 1801 to 1812, strictly enforced Jefferson’s plan

Rising American population west of Appalachians

Page 26: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Tribes were losing lands quickly, see maps on p. 208, until…

1. British attempted to ally with Native tribes, expecting American invasion of Canada

2. Rise of the Prophet & his efforts to unite tribes

Harrison

Page 27: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

The Prophet sparked a religious revival & a renunciation of white ways, back to roots

The Prophet’s brother, Tecumseh, hoped to unite all tribes of the Mississippi Valley

While Tecumseh was absent, Harrison fought the tribal forces

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

Weakened Native forces

By 1812 Tecumseh’s warriors were attacking white settlements

British helped supply Natives

Page 28: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Push to acquire Spanish Florida Threat to Georgia & other southern

states Slaves escaped Indian attacks Americans captured western part of

Florida Territory in 1810 & made plans to take the rest

Spain was Britain’s ally

Page 29: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Calls for war increasedTerritorial expansionWar Hawks led by:1. Henry Clay—KY2. John C. Calhoun—SCPresident Madison approved war on

June 18, 1812

Page 30: Jefferson/Louisiana Purchase/Onset of War

Clay

Calhoun

PresidentMadison