jeddah tower
TRANSCRIPT
Contents… 1 Overview 2 Timeline 3 Design 4 Construction 5 Gallery 6 Conclusion
General information Status : Under construction Type : Mixed-
use:office,hotel,residential,apartments,observations,retail
Architectural : Neo-Futurism Style : Mega tall skyscraper Location : Jeddah , Saudi Arabia Construction started : 1 April 2013 Estimated Completion : 2020 Cost : US$1.23billion(preliminary)
Owner : Saudi Binladin Group
Management : CBRE Group
HeightArchitectural : 1,008m(3,307ft)(planned)
Technical detailsStructural System : Reinforced concrete and steel , all-glass façade
Lifts/Elevators : 59(54 single deck and 5 double deck)
Design and ConstructionArchitect : Smith , Gordon Gill Architecture
Developer : Jeddah Economic company(JEC)
Engineer : Lagan international(sub-grade and transportation panning)
Structural engineer : Thornton Tomasetti
Main contractor : Saudi Binladin Group
Overview The building has been scaled down
from its initial 1.6 km (about one mile) proposal, which was never fully designed, to a height of at least 1,000metre’s (3,280.84 ft) (the exact height is being kept private while in development, similar to the Burj Khalifa) ,
which, at about one kilometer , would still make it by far the
tallest building or structure in the world to date,
standing at least 173 m (568 ft) taller than the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.
Planning It was originally planned to cover
23 km² (8.9 square miles) and cost US$1.23 billion.
The area is located roughly 20 km (12 mi) north of the port city of Jeddah. Kingdom City was designed by HOK Architects, and it is estimated that it will cost at least US$20 billion and take around 10 years to build.
It will essentially become a new district of Jeddah.
The second phase of the project will be all the infrastructure development needed to support the city, and the third phase has not yet been disclosed.
Timeline In May 2008, soil testing in the area cast
doubt over whether the proposed location could support a skyscraper of the proposed one mile height, and MEED reported that the project had been scaled back, making it "up to 500 metres (1,640 ft) shorter.“
Reports in 2009 suggested that the project had been put on hold due to the global economic crisis and that Bechtel (the former engineering firm) was "in the process of ending its involvement with the project.“
Kingdom Holding Company quickly criticized the news reports, insisting that the project had not been shelved.
Approval for the Construction
In October 2010, the owners (Kingdom Holding Company) signed a development agreement. Kingdom Holding aid construction was progressing
In early August 2011, the Binladin Group was chosen as the main construction contractor which is less than it cost to build the Burj Khalifa (US$1.5 billion
Design
Detailed rendering of Kingdom Tower cut out to show floors
The triangular footprint and sloped exterior of Kingdom Tower is designed to reduce wind loads; its high surface area also makes it ideal for residential units.
The 23 hectare (57 acre) area around Kingdom Tower will contain public space and a shopping mall, as well as other residential and commercial developments, and be known as the Kingdom Tower Water Front District, of which, the tower's site alone will take up 500,000 m2 (5,381,955 sq ft).
As with many other very tall skyscrapers, including the Kingdom Centre in Riyadh, which is generally considered to have sparked the recent significant commercial developments around it in the district of Olaya,much of the intention of Kingdom Tower is to be symbolic as well as to raise the surrounding land value rather than its own profitability
A rendering showing the bottom of the unique, glass-floored, circular sky terrace that will overlook the Red Sea from over 610 metres (2,000 ft)
Construction While the official construction estimate is five years and
three months (63 months), others calculate that it will take significantly longer, over seven years, based on the duration of Burj Khalifa construction, which was over six years.
In August 2011, the start of construction was slated as "no later than December," with some saying "immediately," and that construction is imminent.
This meant the tower was expected to be completed in 2017, though at that time it was also possible that it could still have been completed by the date the media continued to publish, which was the prior estimate of late 2016.Only if construction had begun promptly and went smoothly could a late 2016 completion be achieved.
The piles will be up to 200metre’s (656 ft) deep and the pad over 300 feet (91 m) across, yet even still the building, which will weigh over 900,000 tons, is expected to settle. The idea is that it settles evenly enough so that the building doesn't tip or put undue stress on the superstructure. Computer modeling programs performed tests at the site to confirm that the foundation design would work.
A later design for the foundation, to be constructed by Bauer in 2013, calls for 270 bored piles up to 110metre’s (361 ft) deep which have to be installed into the difficult ground conditions
Construction of the building will rely on cutting edge technology, including the high-strength reinforced concrete and the pumps used to elevate it to record heights, similar to what was used during Burj Khalifa's construction. Bob Sinn, principal of Thornton Tomasetti states, “Concrete quality is getting better and better, as is pumping technology. There have been very strong advances in reinforced concrete over the last 20 years." He continued, “Kingdom Tower is certainly feasible. It’s not a structural challenge. Technically I think a 2 km (6,562 ft)-tall tower could be done, but I don’t think it will be done anytime soon.”
Kingdom Tower is not only the only approved structure over 1,000 metres (3,281 ft), it is also the only proposal higher than the 828-metre (2,717 ft) Burj Khalifa to be given the green light for construction.
Skyscrapers Implications
Advantages of Skyscrapers
1. Skyscrapers are known as modern answer for lack of space.
2. These skyscrapers attract millions of tourist each year, and bring profit to local business.
3. Radio, television and cell phones require signal receivers from broadcasters.
Disadvantages of Skyscrapers 1. High cost of
investment, construction, maintenance, and operation.
2. Negative effect on indoor and outdoor environment.
3. Poor Ventilation, Rely on Elevators, Fireproofing Problem
Conclusion
Throughout the world, the population of the major cities are increasing at a fast rate and where land for building is not available; there is a pressure to build upward rather than sideways.
The structures offer some major advantages but also pose serious challenges to designers and builders.
So it was the expansion of office market that went hand in hand with expansion of the skyscraper.