jazz tutorial - freegargoyle.free.fr/jazz-tutorial/tutorial.pdf · jazz tutorial a harmonic minor...

JAZZ TutorialThis Jazz tutorial is a reminder of Jazz

Techniques.

Have fun.

Gargoyle

http://gargoyle.free.fr

JAZZ TutorialHow is made the natural scale (Physical scale) ?

The « C » major scale is made of: C chord (C-E-G), =>1f, 5/4f, 3/2f F chord (F-A-C) , =>4/3f, 5/3f, 2f G chord (G-B-D). =>3/2f, 15/8f, 9/4f

1f 5/4f 3/2f 2f 5/2f 3f 4f 5f 6f 7f 8fC1 E1 G1 C2 E2 G2 C3 E3 G3 ? C4

2/3f 10/12f 1f 3/2f 15/8f 9/4fF0 A0 C1 G1 B1 D2

fn+1/fn 9/8 10/9 16/15 9/8 10/9 9/8 16/151f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f

Natural scale C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2


JAZZ TutorialTempered scale

The tempered scale was necessary to perform tone shift.

Notes C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 A1 B1 C2

Ecart 1,125 1,111 1,125 1,111 1,125Ecart 9/8 10/9 9/8 10/9 9/8Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1 1,125 1,25 1,33333 1,5 1,66667 1,875 2Fréquence Gamme Naturelle 1f 9/8f 5/4f 4/3f 3/2f 5/3f 15/8f 2f

Ecart 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,122 1,122Ecart 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6) 2^(1/6)Fréquences gamme Tempérée 1,000 1,059 1,122 1,189 1,260 1,335 1,414 1,498 1,587 1,682 1,782 1,888 2,000

Delta% (F Nat-F Temp)/F Temp 0,00% -0,23% 0,79% 0,11% -0,11% 0,90% 0,68% 0,00%Rang des demis-tons 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Racine Douzième de 2: 1,059

Racine Douzieme de 2 au carré: 2^(1/6) 1,12246

2^(1/12) 2^(1/12)

16/151,067

16/151,067

1,059 1,059


JAZZ Tutorial The Intervals in a major scale

Whole-tone (wt) Semi-tones (st)

1 C 1wt

2 Dwt 3m

3 E 34 F

wt 5b5 G 5

wt 5#6 A 7Dim

wt 77 B 7M8 C 8

st

st


JAZZ Tutorial The Intervals including 9, 11, 13

1 C 1wt

2 9 D 9wt 3m

3 E 34 11 F 4, 11

wt 5b5 G 5

wt 5#6 13 A 6, 7Dim, 13

wt 77 B 7M8 C 8

st

st

You will pay attention to the equivalence between:4th and 11th

6th and 7Dim and 13th


JAZZ TutorialThe degrees of C Major Scale

7Maj => C, F (I, IV)

m7 => D, E, A (II, III, VI)

7 => G (V)

75b => B (VII)Remark:

The fifth is always 3.5 Wt from the fundamental except for the last degree (Bm75b).

I II III IV V VI VIIC Major C 7Maj D m7 Em 7 F7Maj G 7 Am 7 Bm7 5b

C 1

D 1

E 3 1F 3m 1

G 5 3m 1

A 5 3 1

B 7M 5 3 1C 7 5 3m

D 7 5 3m

E 7M 5F 7 5b

G 7

A 7


JAZZ TutorialC Harmonic Minor (Eb relative)

I II III IV V VI VIIHarmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G 7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim

C 1

E 1Eb 3m 1

F 3m 1

G 5 3 1Ab 5b 3m 1

B 7M 5# 3 1C 7 5 3

D 7M 5 3mEb 7 5

F 7 5b

G 7MAb 7Dim


JAZZ TutorialC Melodic Minor (Eb relative)

I II III IV V VI VIIMelodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F 7 G 7 A m75b B m75b

C 1

D 1Eb 3m 1

F 3m 1

G 5 3 1

A 5 3 1

B 7M 5# 3 1C 7 5 3m

D 7M 5 3mEb 7 5b

F 7 5b

G 7

A 7


JAZZ TutorialMajor, Harmonic & Melodic Scales

I II III IV V VI VIIC Major C 7Maj D m7 Em 7 F7Maj G 7 Am 7 Bm7 5b

C Harmonic Cm 7M Dm 75b Eb 7M5+ Fm 7 G 7 Ab 7Maj B 7Dim

C Melodic C m7M D m7 Eb 7M5+ F 7 G 7 A m75b B m75b


JAZZ TutorialMajor & Minor Scales

8 9 11 131 2 3 4 5 6 7

Major C D E F G A BLydien (G) C D E F+ G A BLydien b7 C D E F+ G A B- C Lydien b7 = G Melodic Minor

Myxolidien (F) C D E F G A B- Idem Major b7

Major Pentatonic C D E G ATonic C D E F+ G+ A+

Melodic Minor C D E- F G A B C Melodic Minor = F Lydien b7Harmonic Minor C D E- F G A- B

Dorian (Bb) C D E- F G A B- Idem Melodic Minor b7Phrygien (Ab) C D- E- F G A- B-

Minor Pentatonic C E- F G B-7 Dim C E- G- B--

Maj

orM

inor


JAZZ TutorialModal scales

1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8C: Ionian C D E F G A B C CD: Dorian D E F G A B C D C m, 7, 9, 13E: Phrygian E F G A B C D E C m, 7,9-,13-F: Lydian F G A B C D E F C M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13G: Mixolydian G A B C D E F G C M, 7, 9, 13A: Aeolian A B C D E F G A C m, 7,9, 13-B: Locrian B C D E F G A B C m, 5-, 7,9-,13-

1 2,9 3 4,11 5 6,13 7 7M 8C: Ionian C D E F G A B C CC: Dorian C D Eb F G A Bb C Bb m, 7, 9, 13C: Phrygian C Db Eb F G Ab Bb C Ab m, 7,9-,13-C: Lydian C D E F+ G A B C G M, 7M, 9, 11+, 13C: Mixolydian C D E F G A Bb C F M, 7, 9, 13C: Aeolian C D Eb F G Ab Bb C Eb m, 7,9, 13-C: Locrian C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db m, 5-, 7,9-,13-


JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis « Blusette » Chord tonal analysis

1 1 G 7Maj Em7 F#m75b B7 (DS Em7) G5 Em7 A9 D7 Dm7 G7 C7 7Maj C6 C11 Cm7 F9 Bb 7Maj7 Bb 6 Bb15 Bbm7 Eb9 Ab 7Maj Ab 6 Ab19 A m11 D13 G21 B m7 A22 Bb 7 (Sub E7) A23 A m7 G24 Go 1 Ab 7 (Sub D7) G

2 Bm7 E7 AGo 1 Am 11 D13 G


JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis

« Bluesette » Chord degrees You will notice the (I VI VII DS, II V I) cadences

1 1 G.I G.VI G.VII B7 (DS) G5 D.II D.V D7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab19 G.II G.V G21 A.II A.V A23 Go 1 G.II G.V G

2 A.II A.V AGo 1 G.II G.V G


JAZZ TutorialExample of tonal Analysis

« Bluesette » Chord degrees It can also be seen as a Em Harmonic (III I II V)

1 1 Em.III Em.I Em.II Em.V Em5 D.II D.V D7 C.II C.V C.I C.I C11 Bb.II Bb.V Bb.I Bb.I Bb15 Ab.II Ab.V Ab.I Ab.I Ab19 G.II G.V G21 A.II A.V A23 Go 1 G.II G.V G

2 A.II A.V AGo 1 G.II G.V G


JAZZ Tutorial# & b (sharps and flats)

C# D# E# F# G# A# B#F# G# A# B C# D# E#B C# D# E F# G# A#E F# G# A B C# D#A B C# D E F# G#D E F# G A B C#G A B C D E F#C D E F G A BF G A Bb C D EBb C D Eb F G AEb F G Ab Bb C DAb Bb C Db Eb F GDb Eb F Gb Ab Bb CGb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb FCb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb

In green Sharps appearance

In yellow Flats appearance

Scales


JAZZ TutorialC G

D

A

E

BF#C#

F

Bb

Eb

Ab

DbGb

Cb

Fifth+5

Fourth+4

F#

F# C#

F# C# G#

F# C#G# D#

F# C#G# D#A#

F# C#G# D#A# E#

F# C# G# D# A# E# B#

Bb

Bb Eb

Bb EbAb

Bb EbAb Db

Bb EbAb DbGb

Bb EbAb DbGb Cb

Bb EbAb DbGb CbFb

•Turning clockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fifth.•Turning conterclockwise you are going up by an Interval of a perfect fourth.


JAZZ Tutorial Flats and Sharps appearance

Did you notice that the order of Sharps is exactly the same that Flats but backwards

Also, the first 4 flats => BEAD !

Flats appearance

Sharps appearance

BEADGCF


JAZZ Tutorial


JAZZ TutorialA Harmonic Minor (C relative)

You will note the 1.5 wt between 6th and 7th degrees which is a characteristic of the Harmonic minor.

This scale is built with the C scale starting by A, the provides a 3m for C.Remark:

The fifth is changing frequently (5,5b,5#)

I II III IV V VI VIIHarmonic Am 7M Bm75b C 7M5+ Dm 7 E 7 F 7Maj G# 7Dim

A 1

B 1C 3m 1

D 3m 1

E 5 3 1F 5b 3m 1

G# 7M 5# 3 1A 7 5 3

B 7M 5 3mC 7 5

D 7 5b

E 7MF 7Dim


JAZZ TutorialA Melodic Minor (C relative)

The A melodic minor is relative to C, but it can also be seen as a A scale (F#,C#,G#)

with natural C.

I II III IV V VI VIIMelodic Am 7M Bm 7 C 7M5+ D 7 E7 F#m 75b G#m 75b

A 1

B 1C 3m 1

D 3m 1

E 5 3 1

F# 5 3 1

G# 7M 5# 3 1A 7 5 3m

B 7M 5 3mC 7 5b

D 7 5b

E 7

F# 7


JAZZ TutorialChord substitution

37 1

3

5

7

1

3

7

1

G 7

Db 7

3 7

Db 7 has the same Harmonic function

•7th replaced by 3rd

•3rd replaced by 7th


JAZZ TutorialSymmetric scales

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2C D E F G A B

12/2=6 ST C F+

12/3=4 ST C E G+

12/4=3 ST (7 Dim) C D+ F+ A

12/5=2,4 ST (Pentatonic) C D E G A

12/6=2 ST (Tonic) C D E F+ G+ A+

12/12=1 ST (Chromatic) C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B

On the 6 scalesdescribed here, only5 scales are really symmetric.

The Pentatonic isn’treally symmetric, but it was interesting to introduce this scale here.


JAZZ TutorialSymmetric Guitar Patterns

2 scores (F+, C) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 3 full tones.

4 scores (F+, A, C, D+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 3 Half tones.This scale is called a diminished 7th scale.

I V VII X XII2 T (C, F+) C

F+

C F+

F+

C

F+C

F+ C

C

C

F+

I V VII X XII4 T (C, D+, F+, A) C D+

F+ AC D

F+ AC D+

F+ A

D

F+

CA

D+A

F+

C

C D+AF+



3 scores (G+, C, E) or (A+, D, F+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 2 full tones.

6 scores (G+, A+, C, D, E, F+) per scale.All intervals of the scale are 1 Full tone.

I V VII X XII3 T (C, E, G+) F+ G+ A+

E F+G+ C D

E G+ A+C E F+

G+ C D

DE

G+

F+F+

A+

G+

CG+

E

CG+

EC

F+D

A+F+

DA+

F+D

C

I V VII X XII6 T (C, D, E, F+, G+, A+) G+ A+

E F+G+ A+ C D

E F+ G+ A+C D E F+

G+ A+ C D

DCA+G+

EF+

DC

A+G+F+E

DCA+G+

F+E

DC

A+G+F+



I V VII X XII4 T (C, F, F+, B) C

FB

F+

C F+

F+

C

F+C

F+ C

C

C

F+

B

F

BF

BF

B

F

4 scores (C, F, F+, B) or also called Tetratonic


JAZZ TutorialHalf/Full tone scale

F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ G G+ A A+ B C C+ D D+ E F F+ GBm75b 7 1 3m 5- 7 1 3m 5-

B7dim=G#dim 7- 1 3m 5- 7- 1 3m 5-

G7 dim => 1/2, 1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XVersus G7 1 9b 9+ 3 11+ 5 13 7 1

G7 dim => 1, 1/2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XVersus G7 7M 1 9 9+ 11 11+ 13b 13 7M 1


JAZZ TutorialGuitar positions on Dm7 & G7

On Dm7=> F-A-C-E (3, 5, 7, 9)I V VII X XII

F

A C

ED

B

F

A C

ED

B

F

A

E

C

F

A

C

E

B

D

B D

On G7 => Eb-B-Bb-Ab-G (13b, 3, 3m, 9b, 1)I V VII X XII

G BA-

E-

B-

A-

E-

G

B


JAZZ TutorialC Scales patterns

I V VII X XII

F

E

D

B

F

A

C

E

F

A

C

E

C

G

B

D

B D

G

G

I V VII X XII

F

ED

B

F

A

C

E

F

A

C

E

CB

B

G

G

A

D

D

G

(St, t) pattern => BCD, EFG, …

(t, st) pattern => ABC, DEF, …


Renversement Am7


Renversement A7


Renversement A7Maj


Renversement Dm7


Am7, B°, C6, C#°, Dm7

jazz tutorial - freegargoyle.free.fr/jazz-tutorial/tutorial.pdf · jazz tutorial a harmonic minor...

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