jazz scales for violin viola cello

7/25/2019 Jazz Scales for Violin Viola Cello

1/67


2/67

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In trodu c ti on :

Althoughmany scale studies books exist for classical string players, I've sought

to develop an extensive body of resources for "Creative String Players", i.e.,

improvisers, composers, and arrangers exploring a range of popular or

contemporary styles on the violin, viola, and cello.

This compilation is intended to helpyou to memorize and internalize common

jazz scales on your instrument, making it easier to improvise with more facility

and confidence. After first reading these scales,I encourage you to play them

from memory in all positions, and in as many voice-led permutations as

possible, so that you can quickly envision a scale as a key signature which

applies in all positions across your instrument.

This is the perfect accompaniment to "Arpeggios for Jazz Violin, Viola, and Cello",

which follows the same methodology. Ultimately, comprehensive mastery of

voice-led arpeggiosandscaleswill provide the necessary foundation for any

player to navigate chord progressions in jazz, blues, world music, and more. This

foundation, i.e., the ability to see a bowed string instrument as a harmonic

instrument, is what I believe will help any player to be able to express any music

they hear on the instrument.

I recommend you practice each scale in the following ways:

1) Play the scale in root position.

2) Play the scale in extended range (first position):

1

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4/67

3) Play the scale in all inversions in extended range.

4) Play many patterns/sequences from the scale.For example:

5) Play voice led "scale pairs" (Play a pattern which alternates between twoscales. For example: Play one bar of a pattern in G melodicminor followed

by one bar of D altered)

These scale pairs could follow my recommended list of "chord pairs" including

the following: 1-5, 1- 5min, 1-b7, 1-1dim, 1-4, 1-4min, 1-b2, etc.

6) Play voice led scale patterns, in time, conforming to the harmonic rhythm of

chord progressions in any tune.

2



5/67

For more practice strategies, visit the "Creative Strings Academy" at

christianhowes.com/education

Subscribe on YouTube at "ChristianHowesTube"

Join the "Creative String Players" group on Facebook and Google+

Contact me directly if I can help!

Christian Howes

www.christianhowes.com

614 332 8689

3



6/67

4

G / B

b

/ D

b

/ E diminished whole-half or A / C / E

b

/ G

b

diminished half-whole

G

/ B / D / F diminished whole-half or B

b

/ D

b

/ E / G diminished half-whole

A / C / E

b

/ G

b

diminished whole-half or B / D / F / A

b


Diminished Scales Extended Range)

iolin

Diminished whole-half (dim w/h) scales are typically used over diminished chords (i.e.G

dim w/h is used over a Gdim.) Diminished half-whole (dim h/w scales are typically used

over Dom7(b9) or Dom7(9) chords (i.e.G dim h/w is used over G7(b9) or G7(#9).)

4



7/67

4

G diminished half-whole, ascending, two-octaves

There are 4 major triads, as well as parallel minor triads in a G diminished h/w scale

(r#(#(8#$ #3"&$(*3,6 3*+# .2#11,39.:;

G

B

b

b

Gmin

B

b

min

D

b

min

min

There are 24 different 7th chords in a G dim. h/w scale:

G

7

b

7

b

7

7

G

7

b

5)

b

7

b

5)

b

7

b

5)

7

b

5)

Gmin

7

b

min

7

b

min

7

min

7

G

mi

7

b

5)

b

mi

7

b

5)

b

mi

7

b

5)

mi

7

b

5)

G

`

7

B

b

`

7

b

`

7

`

7

A

b

`

7

`

7

`

7

`

7

Diminished Scales, part 2

iolin

Here's a breakdown of triads and 7th chords in the diminished scale. You can use these triads a

7th chords oganize melodic ideas.

5



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4

G

7

alt

.

J

7

alt

j

.

G

7

alt

.

j

>

j

G

7

alt

>

>

>

>

>

>

.

Diminished Chords, part 3

iolin

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Bbminor triad

Emin7

b

5) D

b

7

We can organize melodic ideas using arpeggios (triads) from the G dim h/w scale.

E major triad

D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

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theseN,2ong"notes resolve into "correct" chord tones.

E major triad D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

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9/67

A

b

diminished half-whole, ascending, two-octaves

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A

b

B

A

b

min

B

min

D

min

min

erTherear#


10/67

A diminished half-whole, ascending, two-octaves

There ar# ' (&)*$ +$,&-./ &. 0#11 &. 2&$&11#1 (,3*$ +$,&-. ,3 &3 F -,(,3,."#- "50

scale (r#(#(8#$ #3"&$(*3,6 3*+# .2#11,39.:;

A

C

b

b

A

min

C

min

b

min

min

There ar#


11/67

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12/67

4

>

Cmaj7, C6/9

>

>

>

Fmaj7, F6/9

>

>

>

B

b

7maj7, B

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

E

b

maj7, E

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> >

A

b

maj7, A

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

> >

>

>

>

D

b

maj7, D

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Bebop Scales Major), Extended Range

Christian Ho

Violin

10


13/67

>

>

>

>

G

b

maj7, G

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Bmaj7, B6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Emaj7, E6/9

>

>

> > >

>

>

>

>

Amaj7, A6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Dmaj7, D6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

Gmaj7, G6/9

>

>

>


11


14/67


15/67

41

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

46

^

^

^

^

^

51

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

56

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

2 Bebop Scale

B7

A7

E7

D7

13



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4

Cmin(maj7), Cmin6 or B7alt.

Fmin(maj7), Fmi6 or E7alt.

B

b

min(maj7), B

b

min6 or A7alt.

b

min(maj7), E

b

min6 or D7alt.

A

b

min(Maj7), A

b

min6 or G7alt.

D

b

min(maj7), D

b

min6 or C7alt.

Melodic Minor Scales, Extended Range

Violin

Also refered to as jazz minor

14



17/67

F

min(maj7), Fmin6 or F7alt.

Bmin(maj7), Bmin6 or B

b

7alt.

Emin(maj7), Emin6 or E

b

7alt.

Amin(maj7), Amin6 or A

b

7alt.

Dmin(maj7), Dmin6 or D

b

7alt.

Gmin(maj7), Gmin6 or G

b

7alt.

Melodic Minor Scales, Extended Range 15



18/67

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19/67

4

C7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

F7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

E

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

A

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

D

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

Violin

Altered Scales, Extended Range

17


Note that a C altered scale is also the 7th mode of a Db melodic minor (ascending)/jazz minor scale, a B alteredscale is the 7th mode of a C melodic minor (ascending)/jazz minor scale, etc.


20/67

F

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

E7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

A7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

D7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

G7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

Altered Scales, Extended Range 18



21/67

4

n

G major / E minor blues scale

b

5

C major / A minor blues scale

b bb

9

F major / D minor blues scale

b

b

b

b

b

13

B

b

major / G minor blues scale

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

17

E

b

major / C minor blues scale

bbbb bbbbb

21

A

b

major / F minor blues scale

Visit Creative Strings Academy at ChristianHowes.com

Violin

Blues Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys 19


22/67

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

25

D

b

major B

b

minor blues scale

b

b

b

b

b

b

29

G

b

major E

b

minor blues scale

33

B major G

minor blues scale

37

E major C

minor blues scale

41

A major F

minor blues scale

45

major B minor blues scale

2

12 Bar Blues Basslines


20


23/67

4

n

G major / E minor pentatonic scale

b

5

C major / A minor pentatonic scale

b bb

9

F major / D minor pentatonic scale

b

b

b

b

b

12

B

b

major / G minor pentatonic scale

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

15

E

b

major / C minor pentatonic scale

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

18

A

b

major / F minor pentatonic scale


Pentatonic Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys 21iolin


24/67

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

22

D

b

major / B

b

minor pentatonic scale

b

b

b

b

b

b

25

G

b

major / E

b


28

B major / G


31

E major / C


34

A major / F


37

D major / B minor pentatonic scale

2

Pentatonic Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 keys


22


25/67

4

G7( 5), A7( 5), B7( 5), C

7( 5), D 7( 5) or F7( 5)

A

b

7( 5), B

b

7( 5), C7( 5), D7( 5), E7( 5) or G

b

7( 5)

Whole Tone Scales, Extended Range

iolin

23



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B

4

4

G / B

b

/ D

b


b

/ G

b


B

B

G


b

/ D

b


B

B

A / C / E

b

/ G

b


b


B

Diminished Scales Extended Range

iola

Diminished whole-half (dim w/h) scales are typically used over diminished chords (i .e.G

dim w/h is used over a Gdim.).Diminished half-whole (dim h/w scales are typically used

over Dom7(b9) or Dom7(#9) chords (i.e.G dim h/w is used over G7(b9) or G7(#9).)

25



28/67

B

4

4


B

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G

b

b

B

Gmin

b

min

b

min

min

B

There ar#


29/67

B

44

7

alt

B

J

7

alt

B

J

G

7

alt

B

J

>

J

G

7

alt

>

>

>


iola

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B

b

minor triad

Emin7

b

5) D

b

7


E major triad

D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

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E major triad D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

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27



30/67

B

A

b


B

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A

b

D

F

B

A

b

min

min

D

min

F

min

B

erTh ear#


31/67

B

A diminished half-whole, ascending, two-octaves

B

There ar# ' (&)*$ +$,&-./ &. 0#11 &. 2&$&11#1 (,3*$ +$,&-. ,3 &3 F -,(,3,."#- "50

scale (r#(#(8#$ #3"&$(*3,6 3*+# .2#11,39.:;

A

E

b

G

b

B

A

min

min

E

b

min

F

min

B

There ar#


32/67

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33/67

B

>

>

>

>

Cmaj7, C6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

> >

>

>

Fmaj7, F6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

> >

B

>

>

>

>

B

b

7maj7, B

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

>

>

>

E

b

maj7, E

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

> > >

A

b

maj7, A

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> > >

>

B

>

>

>

>

D

b

maj7, D

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>


Christian Howes

Viola

31


34/67

B

>

>

>

>

G

b

maj7, G

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

>

>

>

Bmaj7, B6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

>

>

>

Emaj7, E6/9

>

> >

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

>

>

>

Amaj7, A6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> >

B

>

>

>

>

Dmaj7, D6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

B

>

>

>

>

Gmaj7, G6/9

>

>

>

>

>


32


35/67


36/67

B

41

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

B

46

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

B

51

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

B

56

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

Bebop Scale (Viola)

E7

A7

D7

G7

34



37/67

B


B


B

B

b

min(maj7), B

b

min6 or A7alt.

B

b

min(maj7), E

b

min6 or D7alt.

B

A

b

min(Maj7), A

b

min6 or G7alt.

B

D

b

min(maj7), D

b

min6 or C7alt.


Viola

Also refered to as jazz minor

35



38/67

B

F


B


b

7alt.

B


b

7alt.

B


b

7alt.

B


b

7alt.

B


b

7alt.




39/67

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40/67

B

C7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

F7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

B

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

E

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

A

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

D

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

Viola


Note that a C altered scale is also the 7th mode of a Dbmelodic minor (ascending)/jazzminor scale, a B altered scale is the 7th mode of a C melodic minor (ascending)/jazz minor

scale, etc

38



41/67

B

F

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

B7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

E7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

A7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

D7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

B

G7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)




42/67

B n


B

b

5


B

b b

b

9


B

b

b

b

b

b

13

B

b


B

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

17

E

b


B

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

21

A

b



40iola Blues Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys


43/67

B

b

b

b

b

b b

b

b

b

b

b

25

D

b

major / B

b

minor blues scale

B

b

b

b

b

b

b

29

G

b

major / E

b

minor blues scale

B

33

B major / G

minor blues scale

B

37

E major / C

minor blues scale

B

41

A major / F

minor blues scale

B

45

D major / B minor blues scale

2



41


44/67

B n


B

b

5


B

b b

b

9


B bb bbb

12

B

b


B

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

15

E

b


B

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

18

A

b



Pentatonic Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys 42iola


45/67

B bbbbb bbbbbb

22

D

b

major / B

b


B

b

b

b

b

b

b

25

G

b

major / E

b


B

28

B major / G


B

31

E major / C


B

34

A major / F


B

37


2



43


46/67

B

G7( 5), A7( 5), B7( 5), C

7( 5), D 7( 5) or F7( 5)

B

B

A

b

7( 5), B

b

7( 5), C7( 5), D7( 5), E7( 5) or G

b

7( 5)

B


iola

44



47/67

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;,' !"#$"% '()*#%+ '(%,-##. -.


48/67

?

4

4

G / B

b

/ D

b


b

/ G

b


?

?

G


b

/ D

b


?

?

A / C / E

b

/ G

b


b


?

Diminished Scales Extended Range

ello

Diminished whole-half (dim w/h) scales are typically used over diminished chords (i.e.

G dim w/h is used over a Gdim.) Diminished half-whole (dim h/w scales are typically

used over Dom7(b9) or Dom7(#9) chords (i.e. G dim h/w is used over G7(b9) orG7(#9).)

46



49/67

?

4

4

G diminished half-whole, ascending, two-octaves

?

There ar# ' (&)*$ +$,&-./ &. 0#11 &. 2&$&11#1 (,3*$ +$,&-. ,3 & 4 -,(,3,."#- "50 .6&1#(r#(#(8#$ #3"&$(*3,6 3*+# .2#11,39.:;

G

B

b

b

?

Gmin

B

b

min

D

b

min

min

?

There ar#


50/67

?

44

7

alt

?

J

7

alt

?

J

G

7

alt

?

J

>

J

G

7

alt

>

>

>

>


ello

!"#$% ' (#) *+,- ./0 "0120#$% 3$ 0*4 5b- 0*4 6*32d tones f188 3$ "023$% .410"9 : ;0*43rd)falls onbeat2,D (the5th)falls onbeat3,and F (the7th)falls onbeat4.In

this way- 0*4 (#)#$#"*4( "6184 7/$60#3$" F42E )/6* 8#G4 1 .4.3H "61849

B

b

minor triad

Emin7

b

5) D

b

7


E major triad

D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

SimplE /"#$% )1K32 02#1(" 723) 0*4 ' (#)#$#"*4( *+, "61849

W4 61$ /"4 0*4"4 "1)4 02#1(" 1$( 1(( 6*23)10#6 1HH2oach t3$4s9 L*#84 0*#"

example technicallE /"4" N,23$%N $30es (C- 5- AP= #0 "0#88 "3/$(" %33( .461/"4


E major triad D

b

major triad

B

b

major triad

Here ar4 "3)4 )324 1HH8#610#3$" 732 0*4 (#)#$#"*4( "6184R

48



51/67

?

A

b


?

There ar# ' (&)*$ +$,&-./ &. 0#11 &. 2&$&11#1 (,3*$ +$,&-. ,3 &nFb-,(,3,."#- "50 .6&1#(r#(#(8#$ #3"&$(*3,6 3*+# .2#11,39.:;

A

b

B

D

F

?

A

b

min

B

min

D

min

F

min

?

erTh ear#


52/67

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7/*4&$ -&$(&*8 /4 +449:;;.+$(*4(/)+#1&*


53/67

?

>

Cmaj7, C6/9

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

Fmaj7, F6/9

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

B

b

7maj7, B

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

E

b

maj7, E

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

A

b

maj7, A

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

> >

>

?

>

>

>

D

b

maj7, D

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>


Christian Howes

Cello

51


54/67

?

>

>

>

>

G

b

maj7, G

b

6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

>

>

Bmaj7, B6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

>

Emaj7, E6/9

>

>

> > >

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

Amaj7, A6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

Dmaj7, D6/9

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

?

>

>

Gmaj7, G6/9

>

>

>

>

>


52


55/67


56/67

?

41

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

?

46

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

?

51

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

?

56

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

^

Bebop Scale (Cello)

E7

A7

D7

G7

54



57/67

?


?


?

B

b

min(maj7), B

b

min6 or A7alt.

?

E

b

min(maj7), E

b

min6 or D7alt.

?

A

b

min(Maj7), A

b

min6 or G7alt.

?

D

b

min(maj7), D

b

min6 or C7alt.

Cello


Also refered to as "jazz minor

55



58/67

?

F


?


b

7alt.

?


b

7alt.

?


b

7alt.

?


b

7alt.

?


b

7alt.




59/67

"#$ %#$& '&(#)*+ '*,#$ -+.(& /#$0#12-3 +4&+0 #12 24& 5'&(#)*+ '*,#$

6+.(& '.-2&$ 6&$*&-7 .2 42289::+4$*-2*.,4#/&-;+#%:-4#8

"#$ .++&-- 2#


60/67

?

C7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

F7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

B

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

E

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

A

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

D

b

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

Cello


Note that a C altered scale is also the 7th mode of a Dbmelodic minor (ascending)/jazz minscale, a B altered scale is the 7th mode of a C melodic minor (ascending)/jazz minor scale, e

58



61/67

?

F

7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

B7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

E7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

A7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

D7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)

?

G7alt

b

9, 9,

b

5, 5)




62/67

? n


?

b

5


?

b b

b

9


? bb bb

b

13

B

b


?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

17

E

b


?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

21

A

b



Blues Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys 60ello


63/67

?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

25

D

b

major / B

b

minor blues scale

?

b

b

b

b

b

b

29

G

b

major / E

b

minor blues scale

?

33

B major / G

minor blues scale

?

37

E major / C

minor blues scale

?

41

A major / F

minor blues scale

?

45

D major / B minor blues scale

2



61


64/67

? n


?

b

5


?

b b

b

9


?

b

b

b

b

b

12

B

b


?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

15

E

b


?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

18

A

b



Pentatonic Scales, Major Minor, in all 12 Keys 62ello


65/67

?

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

22

D

b

major / B

b


?

b

b

b

b

b

b

25

G

b

major / E

b


?

28

B major / G


?

31

E major / C


?

34

A major / F


?

37


2


Visit Creative Strings Workshop at ChristianHowes.com

63


66/67

?

G7( 5), A7( 5), B7( 5), C

7( 5), D 7( 5) or F7( 5)

?

?

A

b

7( 5), B

b

7( 5), C7( 5), D7( 5), E7( 5) or G

b

7( 5)

?


ello

64



67/67

!" $%& '()%$'* +,-./ 0,'01 %&+ 2%3' 4+ +,'

53'4+-6' 7+3-(8. 904*'2$:

;,' !"#$"% '()*#%+ '(%,-##. -.

jazz scales for violin viola cello

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