Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College

Laboratory Manual

Mobile Computing

For

Final Year Students

Lab Manual Made By

Ms. A. R. Salunke

Author JNEC, Aurangabad

FOREWORD

It is my great pleasure to present this laboratory manual for Final year engineering

students for the subject of Mobile Computing keeping in view the vast coverage required for

visualization of concepts of basic Mobile computing.

As a student, many of you may be wondering with some of the questions in your mind

regarding the subject and exactly that has been tried to answer through this manual.

Faculty members are also advised that covering these aspects in initial stage itself,

will greatly relieve them in future, as much of the load will be taken care by the enthusiastic

energies of the students, once they are conceptually clear.

H.O.D.

LABORATORY MANUAL CONTENTS

This manual is intended for the Final year students of Electronics &

telecommunication and Industrial Electronics Branch in the subject of Mobile Computing.

This manual typically contains Practical/Lab Sessions related to Mobile Computing covering

various aspects related to the subject to enhance understanding of the subject.

Students are advised to thoroughly go through this manual rather than only topics

mentioned in the syllabus, as practical aspects are the key to understanding conceptual

visualization of theoretical aspects covered in the books.

Good Luck for your Enjoyable Laboratory Sessions

Ms. A. R. Salunke

Author

SUBJECT INDEX 1.Do’s and Don’ts

2. Lab exercise:

1. Study of GSM architecture and signalling techniques.

2. Study of Cellular system and related concepts.

3. Study of GPRS services.

4. Study of WAP architecture.

5. Design a web page using WML.

6. Study of Bluetooth architecture.

7. Study of IEEE 802.11 network topology.

8. Study of Distributed mobile computing.

3. Quiz on the subject

4. Conduction Viva­Voce Examination

5. Evaluation and Marking Systems

Dos and Don’ts in Laboratory:

1. Do not Power on any PC without instruction.

2. Strictly observe the instructions given by the teacher/Lab Instructor

Instruction for Laboratory Teachers:

1. Submission related to whatever lab work has been completed should be done during the

next lab session.

2. The promptness of submission should be encouraged by way of marking and evaluation

patterns that will benefit the sincere students.

EXPERIMENT NO.1 Aim: Study of GSM architecture and signalling techniques.

Theory: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile telephony systems in the world. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network—macro, micro, pico, femto and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the implementation environment. Macro cells can be regarded as cells where the base station antenna is installed on a mast or a building above average roof top level. Micro cells are cells whose antenna height is under average roof top level; they are typically used in urban areas. Picocells are small cells whose coverage diameter is a few dozen metres; they are mainly used indoors. Femtocells are cells designed for use in residential or small business environments and connect to the service provider’s network via a broadband internet connection. Umbrella cells are used to cover shadowed regions of smaller cells and fill in gaps in coverage between those cells.

Block Diagram:

Questions:

1. Explain architecture of GSM? 2. Explain SS7.

Conclusion: In this way we have studied GSM architecture and signalling techniques..

EXPERIMENT NO.2 Aim: Study of Cellular system and related concepts.

Theory: A cellular network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed­location transceiver known as a cell site or base station. When joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographic area. This enables a large number of portable transceivers (e.g., mobile phones, pagers, etc.) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and telephones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.

Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions:

• increased capacity • reduced power use • larger coverage area • reduced interference from other signals

Que. Explain Cellular system with block diagram.

Que. Explain related concepts of cellular system.

Conclusion: Thus we have studied Cellular system and related concepts.

Fig. Hexagonal Cells

EXPERIMENT NO.3

Aim: Study of GPRS services.

Theory: Services offered

GPRS extends the GSM circuit switched data capabilities and makes the following services possible:

• "Always on" internet access • Multimedia messaging service (MMS) • Push to talk over cellular (PoC/PTT) • Instant messaging and presence—wireless village • Internet applications for smart devices through wireless application protocol (WAP) • Point­to­point (P2P) service: inter­networking with the Internet (IP)

If SMS over GPRS is used, an SMS transmission speed of about 30 SMS messages per minute may be achieved. This is much faster than using the ordinary SMS over GSM, whose SMS transmission speed is about 6 to 10 SMS messages per minute.

Protocols supported

GPRS supports the following protocols:

• internet protocol (IP). In practice, mobile built­in browsers use IPv4 since IPv6 is not yet popular.

• point­to­point protocol (PPP). In this mode PPP is often not supported by the mobile phone operator but if the mobile is used as a modem to the connected computer, PPP is used to tunnel IP to the phone. This allows an IP address to be assigned dynamically to the mobile equipment.

• X.25 connections. This is typically used for applications like wireless payment terminals, although it has been removed from the standard. X.25 can still be supported over PPP, or even over IP, but doing this requires either a network based router to perform encapsulation or intelligence built in to the end­device/terminal; e.g., user equipment (UE).

When TCP/IP is used, each phone can have one or more IP addresses allocated. GPRS will store and forward the IP packets to the phone even during handover. The TCP handles any packet loss (e.g. due to a radio noise induced pause).

Que. Explain GPRS services in detail.

Conclusion: In this way we have Studied GPRS services.

EXPERIMENT NO.4

Aim: Study of WAP architecture.

Theory : Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open international standard for application­layer network communications in a wireless­communication environment. Most use of WAP involves accessing the mobile web from a mobile phone or from a PDA.

A WAP browser is a commonly used web browser for small mobile devices such as cell phones or PDAs, developed to allow a realistic browsing experience to users. Given then, the inherent physical and technical limitations of these devices such as size and data transfer speeds, new code was created, and the WAP browser accesses websites written in, or dynamically converted to, WML (Wireless Markup Language).

Before the introduction of WAP, service providers had extremely limited opportunities to offer interactive data services, but needed interactivity to support now­commonplace activities such as:

• Email by mobile phone • Tracking of stock‐market prices • Sports results • News headlines • Music downloads

WAP architecture:

+­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ | Wireless Application Environment (WAE) | +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ \ | Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) | | +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ | | Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) | | WAP +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ | protocol | Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) | | suite +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ | | Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) | | +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+ / | *** Any Wireless Data Network *** | +­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­+

Que: Explain different protocols of WAP.

Conclusion: Thus we have studied WAP architecture.

EXPERIMENT NO.5

Aim: Design a web page using WML

Theory: Wireless Markup Language, based on XML, is a markup language intended for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) specification, such as mobile phones, and preceded the use of other markup languages now used with WAP, such as HTML/XHTML (which are gaining in popularity as processing power in mobile devices increases).

For example, the following WML page could be saved as "example.wml":

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "­//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml" >

<wml> <card id="main" title="First Card"> <p mode="wrap">This is a sample WML page.</p> </card> </wml> Wireless Markup Language is a lot like HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) in that it provides navigational support, data input, hyperlinks, text and image presentation, and forms. A WML document is known as a “deck”. Data in the deck is structured into one or more “cards” (pages) – each of which represents a single interaction with the user. The introduction of the terms "deck" and "card" into the internet and mobile phone communities was a result of the user interface software and its interaction with wireless communications services having to comply with the requirements of the laws of two or more nations.

Que. Design web page using WML.

Conclusion: In this way we have designed web page using WML language.

EXPERIMENT NO.6

Aim: Study of Bluetooth architecture

Theory: Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short

distances (using short wavelength radio transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices,

creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecoms

vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS­232 data

cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Bluetooth is

a short­range wireless network originally intended to replace the cable(s) connecting portable

and/or fixed electronic devices. Such a network is also sometimes called a PAN (Personal

Area Network) Bluetooth is supposed to got it’s name from Harald “Bluetooth” II, King of

Denmark 940­981

• The concept was first patented by Ericsson. Currently the Bluetooth trade mark is

owned by the Bluetooth SIG, a consortium of companies having stake in Bluetooth

• Key features are robustness, low power, and low cost.

Protocol Architecture:

Que: Explain the working of Bluetooth architecture.

Conclusion : Thus we have studied Bluetooth architecture

EXPERIMENT NO.7

Aim: Study of IEEE 802.11 network topology

Theory: IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards carrying out wireless local area network (WLAN)

computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands. They are created and

maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802).

Que. Explain operation Ad­hoc network and infrastructure network.

Conclusion: Thus we have studied IEEE 802.11 network topology.

EXPERIMENT NO.8

Aim: Study of Distributed mobile computing.

Theory: Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved concurrently ("in parallel"). There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit­level, instruction level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high­performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multicore processors.

Parallel computers can be roughly classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism—with multi­core and multi­processor computers having multiple processing elements within a single machine, while clusters, MPPs, and grids use multiple computers to work on the same task. Specialized parallel computer architectures are sometimes used alongside traditional processors, for accelerating specific tasks.

Que: Explain Mobile OS.

Conclusion: Thus we have studied Study of Distributed mobile computing.