javaone 2012 groovy update
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
What’s new in
Groovy 2.0Guillaume LaforgeGroovy Project ManagerSpringSource / VMware
@glaforge
1
![Page 2: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Guillaume Laforge• Groovy Project Manager at VMware
• Initiator of the Grails framework
• Creator of the Gaelyk
• Co-author of Groovy in Action
• Follow me on...
• My blog: http://glaforge.appspot.com
• Twitter: @glaforge
• Google+: http://gplus.to/glaforge
2
![Page 3: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Agenda (1/2)• What’s in Groovy 1.8?
• Nicer DSLs with command chains
• Runtime performance improvements
• GPars bundled for taming your multicores
• Closure enhancements
• Builtin JSON support
• New AST transformations
3
![Page 4: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Agenda (2/2)• What’s new in Groovy 2.0?
• Alignments with JDK 7
• Project Coin (small language changes)
• Invoke Dynamic support
• Continued runtime performance improvements
• Static type checking
• Static compilation
• Modularity
4
![Page 5: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Command chains• A grammar improvement allowing you
to drop dots & parens when chaining method calls
• an extended version of top-level statements like println
• Less dots, less parens allow you to
• write more readable business rules
• in almost plain English sentences
• (or any language, of course)
5
![Page 6: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Command chains
pull request on github
6
![Page 7: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Command chains
pull request on github
Alternation of method names
6
![Page 8: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Command chains
pull request on github
Alternation of method names
and parameters(even named ones)
6
![Page 9: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Command chains
pull request on github
6
![Page 10: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Command chains
pull request on github ( ). ( )
Equivalent to:
6
![Page 11: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Command chains
7
![Page 12: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)
![Page 13: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
![Page 14: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuation
![Page 15: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
![Page 16: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structures
![Page 17: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
![Page 18: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parens
![Page 19: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
![Page 20: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of terms
![Page 21: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
![Page 22: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
( ). ( ). ( )
![Page 23: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). ( )
![Page 24: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). ( )
( ). ( ). ( )
![Page 25: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). ( )
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). . ( )
![Page 26: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Command chains
7
// methods with multiple arguments (commas)take coffee with sugar, milk and liquor
// leverage named-args as punctuationcheck that: margarita tastes good
// closure parameters for new control structuresgiven {} when {} then {}
// zero-arg methods require parensselect all unique() from names
// possible with an odd number of termstake 3 cookies
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). ( )
( ). ( ). ( )
( ). . ( )
( ).
![Page 27: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
GPars bundled• GPars is bundled in the Groovy distribution
• GPars covers a wide range of parallel and concurrent paradigms
• actors, fork/join, map/filter/reduce, dataflow, agents
• parallel arrays, executors, STM, and more...
• And you can use it from plain Java as well!
• http://gpars.codehaus.org/
8
![Page 28: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Closure enhancements• Closure annotation parameters
• Some more functional flavor
• composition
• compose several closures into one single closure
• trampoline
• avoid stack overflow errors for recursive algorithms
• memoization
• remember the outcome of previous closure invocations
• currying improvements
9
![Page 29: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Closure annotation
10
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface Invariant { Class value() // a closure class} @Invariant({ number >= 0 })class Distance { float number String unit} def d = new Distance(number: 10, unit: "meters") def anno = Distance.getAnnotation(Invariant)def check = anno.value().newInstance(d, d)assert check(d)
{
![Page 30: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Closure annotation
10
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface Invariant { Class value() // a closure class} @Invariant({ number >= 0 })class Distance { float number String unit} def d = new Distance(number: 10, unit: "meters") def anno = Distance.getAnnotation(Invariant)def check = anno.value().newInstance(d, d)assert check(d)
{Poor-man’s GContracts
![Page 31: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
![Page 32: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
![Page 33: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000ms
![Page 34: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediately
![Page 35: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000ms
![Page 36: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately
![Page 37: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately
![Page 38: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cached
![Page 39: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10)
![Page 40: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10)
![Page 41: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10) // at most 10 invocations cached
![Page 42: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10) // at most 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtMost = { ... }.memoizeAtMost(10)
![Page 43: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10) // at most 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtMost = { ... }.memoizeAtMost(10)
// between 10 and 20 invocations cached
![Page 44: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Closure memoization
11
def plus = { a, b -> sleep 1000; a + b }.memoize()
assert plus(1, 2) == 3 // after 1000msassert plus(1, 2) == 3 // return immediatelyassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // after 1000msassert plus(2, 2) == 4 // return immediately // at least 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeAtLeast(10) // at most 10 invocations cacheddef plusAtMost = { ... }.memoizeAtMost(10)
// between 10 and 20 invocations cacheddef plusAtLeast = { ... }.memoizeBetween(10, 20)
![Page 45: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Builtin JSON support
• Consuming
• Producing
• Pretty-printing
12
![Page 46: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Builtin JSON support
13
import groovy.json.*
def payload = new URL( "http://github.../json/commits/...").text
def slurper = new JsonSlurper()def doc = slurper.parseText(payload)
doc.commits.message.each { println it }
![Page 47: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Builtin JSON support
14
import groovy.json.* def json = new JsonBuilder() json.person { name "Guillaume" age 35 pets "Hector", "Felix"} println json.toString()
![Page 48: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Builtin JSON support
14
import groovy.json.* def json = new JsonBuilder() json.person { name "Guillaume" age 35 pets "Hector", "Felix"} println json.toString()
{ "person": { "name": "Guillaume", "age": 35, "pets": [ "Hector", "Felix" ] }}
![Page 49: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Builtin JSON support
15
import groovy.json.* println JsonOutput.prettyPrint( '{"person":{"name":"Guillaume","age":35,' + '"pets":["Hector","Felix"]}}')
{ "person": { "name": "Guillaume", "age": 35, "pets": [ "Hector", "Felix" ] }}
![Page 50: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
New AST transformations• @Log
• @Field
• @AutoClone
• @AutoExternalizable
• @Canonical
• @ToString
• @EqualsAndHashCode
• @TupleConstructor
• Controlling execution
• @ThreadInterrupt
• @TimedInterrupt
• @ConditionalInterrupt
• @InheritConstructor
• @WithReadLock
• @WithWriteLock
• @ListenerList
16
![Page 51: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
@Log• Four different loggers can be injected
• @Log
• @Commons
• @Log4j
• @Slf4j
• Possible to implement your own strategy
17
import groovy.util.logging.* @Logclass Car { Car() { log.info 'Car constructed' }} def c = new Car()
![Page 52: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
@Log• Four different loggers can be injected
• @Log
• @Commons
• @Log4j
• @Slf4j
• Possible to implement your own strategy
17
import groovy.util.logging.* @Logclass Car { Car() { log.info 'Car constructed' }} def c = new Car()
Guardedw/ an if
![Page 53: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Controlling code execution• Your application may run user’s code
• what if the code runs in infinite loops or for too long?
• what if the code consumes too many resources?
• 3 new transforms at your rescue
• @ThreadInterrupt: adds Thread#isInterrupted checks so your executing thread stops when interrupted
• @TimedInterrupt: adds checks in method and closure bodies to verify it’s run longer than expected
• @ConditionalInterrupt: adds checks with your own conditional logic to break out from the user code
18
![Page 54: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
@ThreadInterrupt
19
@ThreadInterruptimport groovy.transform.ThreadInterrupt while (true) {
// eat lots of CPU}
![Page 55: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
@ThreadInterrupt
19
@ThreadInterruptimport groovy.transform.ThreadInterrupt while (true) {
// eat lots of CPU}
if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) throw new InterruptedException(){
![Page 56: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
@ToString• Provides a default toString() method to your types
• Available annotation options• includeNames, includeFields, includeSuper, excludes
20
import groovy.transform.ToString @ToStringclass Person { String name int age} println new Person(name: 'Pete', age: 15)// => Person(Pete, 15)
![Page 57: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
@EqualsAndHashCode• Provides default implementations for equals() and
hashCode() methods
21
import groovy.transform.EqualsAndHashCode @EqualsAndHashCodeclass Coord { int x, y} def c1 = new Coord(x: 20, y: 5)def c2 = new Coord(x: 20, y: 5) assert c1 == c2assert c1.hashCode() == c2.hashCode()
![Page 58: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
@TupleConstructor• Provides a « classical » constructor with all properties
• Several annotation parameter options available
22
import groovy.transform.TupleConstructor @TupleConstructor class Person { String name int age} def m = new Person('Marion', 4) assert m.name == 'Marion'assert m.age == 4
![Page 59: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
@InheritConstructors• Classes like Exception are painful when extended,
as all the base constructors should be replicated
23
class CustomException extends Exception { CustomException() { super() } CustomException(String msg) { super(msg) } CustomException(String msg, Throwable t) { super(msg, t) } CustomException(Throwable t) { super(t) }}
![Page 60: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
@InheritConstructors• Classes like Exception are painful when extended,
as all the base constructors should be replicated
23
class CustomException extends Exception { CustomException() { super() } CustomException(String msg) { super(msg) } CustomException(String msg, Throwable t) { super(msg, t) } CustomException(Throwable t) { super(t) }}
import groovy.transform.*
@InheritConstructorsclass CustomException extends Exception {
}
![Page 61: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Miscellaneous• Compilation customizers
• Java 7 diamond operator
• Slashy and dollar slashy strings
• New GDK methods
• (G)String to Enum coercion
• Customizing the Groovysh prompt
• Executing remote scripts
24
![Page 62: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
What’s in storefor 2.0?
![Page 63: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Groovy 2.0• A more modular Groovy
• Java 7 alignements: Project Coin
• binary literals
• underscore in literals
• multicatch
• JDK 7: InvokeDynamic
• Static type checking
• Static compilation
26
![Page 64: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Groovy Modularity• Groovy’s « all » JAR weighs in at 6 MB
• Nobody needs everything
• Template engine, Ant scripting, Swing UI building...
• Provide a smaller core
• and several smaller JARs per feature
• Provide hooks for setting up DGM methods, etc.
27
![Page 65: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The new JARs• A smaller groovy.jar: 3MB
• Modules
• console
• docgenerator
• groovydoc
• groovysh
• ant
• bsf
• jsr-223
• jmx
• sql
• swing
• servlet
• templates
• test
• testng
• json
• xml28
![Page 66: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Extension modules• Create your own module
• contribute instance extension methods
29
package foo
class StringExtension { static introduces(String self, String name) { "Hi ${name), I’m ${self}" }}
// usage: "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
![Page 67: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Extension modules• Create your own module
• contribute instance extension methods
29
package foo
class StringExtension { static introduces(String self, String name) { "Hi ${name), I’m ${self}" }}
// usage: "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
Same structureas Categories
![Page 68: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Extension modules• Create your own module
• contribute class extension methods
30
package foo
class StaticStringExtension { static hi(String self) { "Hi!" }}
// usage: String.hi()
![Page 69: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Extension module descriptor• Descriptor in: META-INF/services/
org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule
31
moduleName = stringExtensionsmoduleVersion = 1.0// comma-separated list of classesextensionClasses = foo.StringExtension// comma-separated list of classesstaticExtensionClasses = foo.StaticStringExtension
![Page 70: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Java 7 / JDK 7
• Project Coin and InvokeDynamic
32
![Page 71: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Binary literals• We had decimal, octal and hexadecimal notations for
number literals
• We can now use binary representations too
33
int x = 0b10101111assert x == 175 byte aByte = 0b00100001assert aByte == 33 int anInt = 0b1010000101000101assert anInt == 41285
![Page 72: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Underscore in literals • Now we can also add underscores
in number literals for more readability
34
long creditCardNumber = 1234_5678_9012_3456Llong socialSecurityNumbers = 999_99_9999Lfloat monetaryAmount = 12_345_132.12long hexBytes = 0xFF_EC_DE_5Elong hexWords = 0xFFEC_DE5Elong maxLong = 0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffLlong alsoMaxLong = 9_223_372_036_854_775_807Llong bytes = 0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010
![Page 73: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Multicatch• One block for multiple exception caught
• rather than duplicating the block
35
try { /* ... */} catch(IOException | NullPointerException e) { /* one block to treat 2 exceptions */}
![Page 74: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
InvokeDynamic• Groovy 2.0 supports JDK 7’s invokeDynamic
• compiler has a flag for compiling against JDK 7
• might use the invokeDynamic backport for < JDK 7
• Benefits
• more runtime performance!
• at least as fast as current « dynamic » Groovy
• in the long run, will allow us to get rid of code!
• call site caching, thanks to MethodHandles
• metaclass registry, thanks to ClassValues
• will let the JIT inline calls more easily36
![Page 75: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Static Type Checking• Goal: make the Groovy compiler «grumpy»!
• and throw compilation errors (not at runtime)
• Not everybody needs dynamic features all the time
• think Java libraries scripting
• Grumpy should...
• tell you about your method or variable typos
• complain if you call methods that don’t exist
• shout on assignments of wrong types
• infer the types of your variables
• figure out GDK methods
• etc...37
![Page 76: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Typos in a variable or
38
import groovy.transform.TypeChecked void method() {} @TypeChecked test() { // Cannot find matching method metthhoood() metthhoood() def name = "Guillaume" // variable naamme is undeclared println naamme}
![Page 77: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Typos in a variable or
38
import groovy.transform.TypeChecked void method() {} @TypeChecked test() { // Cannot find matching method metthhoood() metthhoood() def name = "Guillaume" // variable naamme is undeclared println naamme}
Compilationerrors!
![Page 78: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Typos in a variable or
38
import groovy.transform.TypeChecked void method() {} @TypeChecked test() { // Cannot find matching method metthhoood() metthhoood() def name = "Guillaume" // variable naamme is undeclared println naamme}
Compilationerrors!
Annotation can be atclass or method level
![Page 79: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Wrong assignments
39
// cannot assign value of type... to variable...int x = new Object()Set set = new Object() def o = new Object()int x = o String[] strings = ['a','b','c']int str = strings[0] // cannot find matching method plus()int i = 0i += '1'
![Page 80: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Wrong assignments
39
// cannot assign value of type... to variable...int x = new Object()Set set = new Object() def o = new Object()int x = o String[] strings = ['a','b','c']int str = strings[0] // cannot find matching method plus()int i = 0i += '1'
Compilationerrors!
![Page 81: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Wrong return types
40
// checks if/else branch return values@TypeCheckedint method() { if (true) { 'String' } else { 42 }}// works for switch/case & try/catch/finally // transparent toString() implied@TypeCheckedString greeting(String name) { def sb = new StringBuilder() sb << "Hi " << name}
![Page 82: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Wrong return types
40
// checks if/else branch return values@TypeCheckedint method() { if (true) { 'String' } else { 42 }}// works for switch/case & try/catch/finally // transparent toString() implied@TypeCheckedString greeting(String name) { def sb = new StringBuilder() sb << "Hi " << name}
Compilationerror!
![Page 83: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Type inference
41
@TypeChecked test() { def name = " Guillaume " // String type infered (even inside GString) println "NAME = ${name.toUpperCase()}" // Groovy GDK method support // (GDK operator overloading too) println name.trim() int[] numbers = [1, 2, 3] // Element n is an int for (int n in numbers) { println n }}
![Page 84: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Statically checked & dyn.
42
@TypeCheckedString greeting(String name) { // call method with dynamic behavior // but with proper signature generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase())} // usual dynamic behaviorString generateMarkup(String name) { def sw = new StringWriter() new MarkupBuilder(sw).html { body { div name } } sw.toString()}
![Page 85: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Instanceof checks
43
@TypeChecked void test(Object val) {
if (val instanceof String) { println val.toUpperCase() } else if (val instanceof Number) { println "X" * val.intValue() }
}
![Page 86: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Instanceof checks
43
@TypeChecked void test(Object val) {
if (val instanceof String) { println val.toUpperCase() } else if (val instanceof Number) { println "X" * val.intValue() }
}
No needfor casts
![Page 87: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Instanceof checks
43
@TypeChecked void test(Object val) {
if (val instanceof String) { println val.toUpperCase() } else if (val instanceof Number) { println "X" * val.intValue() }
}
No needfor casts
Can call String#multiply(int)from the Groovy Development Kit
![Page 88: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Lowest Upper Bound• Represents the lowest « super » type classes
have in common
• may be virtual (aka « non-denotable »)
44
@TypeChecked test() { // an integer and a BigDecimal return [1234, 3.14]}
![Page 89: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Lowest Upper Bound• Represents the lowest « super » type classes
have in common
• may be virtual (aka « non-denotable »)
44
@TypeChecked test() { // an integer and a BigDecimal return [1234, 3.14]}
Inferred return type:List<Number & Comparable>
![Page 90: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Lowest Upper Bound• Represents the lowest « super » type classes
have in common
• may be virtual (aka « non-denotable »)
44
@TypeChecked test() { // an integer and a BigDecimal return [1234, 3.14]}
Inferred return type:List<Number & Comparable>
![Page 91: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Flow typing• Static type checking shouldn’t complain even for bad coding
practicies which work without type checks
45
@TypeChecked test() { def var = 123 // inferred type is int int x = var // var is an int var = "123" // assign var with a String
x = var.toInteger() // no problem, no need to cast
var = 123 x = var.toUpperCase() // error, var is int!}
![Page 92: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Gotcha: static checking vs • Type checking works at compile-time
• adding @TypeChecked doesn’t change behavior
• do not confuse with static compilation
• Most dynamic features cannot be type checked
• metaclass changes, categories
• dynamically bound variables (ex: script’s binding)
• However, compile-time metaprogramming works
• as long as proper type information is defined
46
![Page 93: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Gotcha: runtime
47
@TypeChecked void test() { Integer.metaClass.foo = {} 123.foo()}
![Page 94: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Gotcha: runtime
47
@TypeChecked void test() { Integer.metaClass.foo = {} 123.foo()}
Not allowed:metaClass property
is dynamic
![Page 95: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Gotcha: runtime
47
@TypeChecked void test() { Integer.metaClass.foo = {} 123.foo()}
Not allowed:metaClass property
is dynamic
Method notrecognized
![Page 96: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Gotcha: explicit type for
• A « Groovy Enhancement Proposal » to address the issue
48
@TypeChecked test() { ["a", "b", "c"].collect { it.toUpperCase() // Not OK }}
![Page 97: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Gotcha: explicit type for
• A « Groovy Enhancement Proposal » to address the issue
48
@TypeChecked test() { ["a", "b", "c"].collect { String it -> it.toUpperCase() // OK, it’s a String }}
![Page 98: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Closure shared variables
49
@TypeChecked test() { def var = "abc" def cl = { var = new Date() } cl() var.toUpperCase() // Not OK!}
![Page 99: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Closure shared variables
49
@TypeChecked test() { def var = "abc" def cl = { var = new Date() } cl() var.toUpperCase() // Not OK!}
var assigned in the closure:«shared closure variable»
![Page 100: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Closure shared variables
49
@TypeChecked test() { def var = "abc" def cl = { var = new Date() } cl() var.toUpperCase() // Not OK!}
var assigned in the closure:«shared closure variable»
Impossible to ensure the
assignment really happens
![Page 101: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Closure shared variables
49
@TypeChecked test() { def var = "abc" def cl = { var = new Date() } cl() var.toUpperCase() // Not OK!}
var assigned in the closure:«shared closure variable»
Impossible to ensure the
assignment really happens
Only methods of the most specific compatible type (LUB) are allowed by the type checker
![Page 102: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Closure shared variables
50
class A { void foo() {} }class B extends A { void bar() {} }
@TypeChecked test() { def var = new A() def cl = { var = new B() } cl() var.foo() // OK!}
![Page 103: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Closure shared variables
50
class A { void foo() {} }class B extends A { void bar() {} }
@TypeChecked test() { def var = new A() def cl = { var = new B() } cl() var.foo() // OK!}
var is at leastan instance of A
![Page 104: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Static Compilation
• Given your Groovy code can be type checked...we can as well compile it « statically »
• ie. generate the same byte code as javac
• Also interesting for those stuck in JDK < 7 to benefit from performance improvements
51
![Page 105: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Static Compilation: • You gain:
• Type safety
• thanks to static type checking
• static compilation builds upon static type checking
• Faster code
• as close as possible to Java’s performance
• Code immune to « monkey patching »
• metaprogramming badly used can interfere with framework code
• Smaller bytecode size
52
![Page 106: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Static Compilation: • But you loose:
• Dynamic features
• metaclass changes, categories, etc.
• Dynamic method dispatch
• although as close as possible to « dynamic » Groovy
53
![Page 107: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Statically compiled & dyn.
54
@CompileStaticString greeting(String name) { // call method with dynamic behavior // but with proper signature generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase())} // usual dynamic behaviorString generateMarkup(String name) { def sw = new StringWriter() new MarkupBuilder(sw).html { body { div name } } sw.toString()}
![Page 108: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
What about performance?• Comparisons between:
• Java
• Groovy static compilation (Groovy 2.0)
• Groovy with primitive optimizations (Groovy 1.8+)
• Groovy without optimizations (Groovy 1.7)
55
![Page 109: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
What about performance?
56
Fibonacci Pi (π) quadrature
Binarytrees
Java
Staticcompilation
Primitive optimizations
No prim.optimizations
191 ms 97 ms 3.6 s
197 ms 101 ms 4.3 s
360 ms 111 ms 23.7 s
2590 ms 3220 ms 50.0 s1.7
1.8
2.0
![Page 110: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Summary• Main themes of the Groovy 2.0 release
• Modularity
• Embark the JDK 7 enhancements
• Project Coin
• Invoke Dynamic
• Static aspects
• Static type checking
• Static compilation
57
![Page 111: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Thank you!
Guillaume Laforge
Head of Groovy Development
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @glaforge
Google+: http://gplus.to/glaforge
Blog: http://glaforge.appspot.com
58
![Page 112: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Questions & Answers• Got questions, really?
59
Q&A
![Page 113: JavaOne 2012 Groovy update](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022050613/5558753dd8b42a8d018b5297/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Image credits• Bugs bunny: http://storage.canalblog.com/63/56/517188/47634843.jpeg
• Pills: http://www.we-ew.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/plan-b-pills.jpg
• Chains: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GXDVqUYSCa0/TVdBsON4tdI/AAAAAAAAAW4/EgJOUmAxB28/s1600/breaking-chains5_copy9611.jpg
• Slurp: http://www.ohpacha.com/218-532-thickbox/gamelle-slurp.jpg
• Grumpy: http://mafeuilledechou.fr/__oneclick_uploads/2010/05/grumpy.jpg
• Modularity: http://php.jglobal.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/modularity.jpg
• Agenda: http://www.plombiereslesbains.fr/images/stories/agenda.jpg
• Java 7: http://geeknizer.com/wp-content/uploads/java7.jpg
• Road Runner: http://newspaper.li/static/4ada046b7772f0612fec4e3840142308.jpg
• Porky: http://joshuadsandy.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/porky-pig-5.jpg
• Will E help: http://www.clipart-fr.com/data/clipart/looney/looney_004.jpg
• Coyote road runner: http://www.jenkle.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/coyote-wallpaper1.jpg
• Lube: http://images.motorcycle-superstore.com/ProductImages/OG/0000_Motul_Chain_Lube_Road_--.jpg
60