java in aartificial intelligent by virat andodariya
TRANSCRIPT
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How Artificial Intelligence Programmed?
Java Basics
Graph coloring Problem
Uniform Cost Search
Contents
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• The Java Virtual Machine• Applications & Applets• Classes & Objects• Start up Java• Variables & Assignments• Strings & Characters• Arithmetic Operators & Expressions• Comments• Keywords• Creating and Compiling Programs• Modifiers
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Java Program
• Java Application Program– Application• Program written in general programming language
– Applet• Program running in Web Browser Environment• Can be viewed by appletviewer or Web browser with
JVM
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Classes and Objects
• Object– Memory Space to Define State and Operation– Instance of Class
• Class– A class is a template or blueprint for objects. To program in
Java, you must understand classes and be able to write and use them.
– Template of Creating Object
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The Java Class Libraries
• java.applet : Applet related• java.awt : Abstract Window Toolkit• java.awt.event : Event process from awt component• java.awt.image : Image processing• java.beans : JavaBeans Component• java.io : File or Network I/O Support• java.lang : Java Language Support• java.net : Network related functions• java.util : Utility function
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Variables and Assignments
• Types– char 16bits Unicode character data– boolean Boolean Variable– byte 8 bits signed integer– short 16 bits signed integer– int 32 bits signed integer– long 64 bits signed integer– float 32 bits signed floating point number– double 64 bits signed floating point number
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Variables and Assignments
• String : sequence of characterString s = “Enter an integer value: ” ;
• Concatenation Operator ‘+’String s = “Lincoln said: ” + “\” Four score and seven years
ago\”” ;Result : Lincoln said: “Four score and seven years ago”
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Comments
• Single Line Comment– int i = 10 ; // i is counter
• Multiple Line Comment/* Some comments*/
• Documentation Comment/** Documentation Comment*/
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Java Keywords
• 50 Java Keywordsabstract double int superboolean else interface s witchbreak extends long synchronizedbyte final native thiscase finally new throwcatch float package throwschar for private transient*class goto* protected tryconst* if public voidcontinue implements return volatiledefault import short whiledo instanceof static strictfp
assert (New in 1.5) enum (New in 1.5)
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Control Statement
• A statement represents an action or a sequence of actions. To change the execution order of program • As the method of controlling the execution order – Conditional Statement : if St., switch St.– Repeat Statement : for St., while St., do-while St.– Branch Statement : break St., continue St., return St.
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For Statement
Repeat the sequence of statement as many as defined. Form of for statement
for ( <expr. 1> ; < expr. 2> ; < expr. 3>) <statement>
<expr. 1> : initialize the control variable <expr. 2> : check the control variable <expr. 3> : modify the control variable
s = 0; for (i=1; i<=N; ++i) // sum from 1 to N : i increment s += i;
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Break Statement
• To move control to the out of the block• From of break statement
break [label] ;
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Creating and Compiling Programs
Source Code
Create/Modify Source Code
Compile Source Code i.e. javac Welcome.java
Bytecode
Run Byteode i.e. java Welcome
Result
If compilation errors
If runtime errors or incorrect result
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Modifiers
Java uses certain reserved words called modifiers that specify the properties of the data, methods, and classes and how they can be used.
Examples of modifiers are public and static. Other modifiers are private, final, abstract, and protected. A public datum, method, or class can be accessed by other programs. A private datum or method cannot be accessed by other programs.
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References
• Java™ 2:The Complete Reference,Fifth Edition Herbert Schildt• JDK Developer Kit• JGRASP (CSD) Compiler