jarrett-unit 2: review sheet

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Jarrett-Unit 2: Review Sheet

Name:

Classical Era‐West‐Persia, Greece, and RomeTest Date _____________________

Objectives:What is a classical civilization? Where were they?

EuropeGreece and RomeMonarchy, theocracy, democracy, republic, oligarchyDevelopment of democratic‐republican governmentTwelve TablesRights such as “trail by a jury of your peers”

“innocent until proven guilty” “equality before the law”

Rights and responsibilities of citizens and non citizens in civic

participationFundamental ideas and institutions of Western

civilizationsMath, science, and technologyArchimedes, Eratosthenes, PythagorasRome Collapse and its Impact on Western Europe

Christianity‐origins, spread, ideasArt and architecture

PersiaAmericas

Maya‐politicial, economic, social, and cultural developments

Prior civilizations influence‐OlmecsCollapse

EastIndia

Maurya and GuptaOrigin and spread of math, science, and technology

ChinaZhou and QinHan and CollapseConfucianism‐origins, ideas, spreadCompare collapse of Rome and Han

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Name:_____________________________________

Ancient Greece 1. Minoan (2000 BC - 1400 BC)

a. Geography: located on the island of _________________ (111)b. King _______________(67), leader of the civilizationc. The civilization died out over a period of time either by invasion or a

catastrophe of an _______________(68)

2. Mainland Greece/Mycenaea. Geography: located on the Balkan Peninsulai. Any place in Greece is no more than ______(111)miles from the seaii. Greece is surrounded by the seas, ______________, _________________, ________________(111), which allowed for ______________ and

_____________(111).iii. Rugged mountains cover about ______% (111) of Ancient Greece.iv. Only ______% (111) of the land is suitable for farming.b. Early Settlersi. Indo-Europeans (2000 BC)1. They organized into tribes and clans2. Nomads – learned to grow grapes, grains and olivesii. ______________________(112) (1600 BC – 1200 BC)

1. Leader: King Agamemnon2. Adopted many elements of the Minoan civilization3. Religion: same as the Minoans4. Trojan War:a. Reason; economic rivalry and Persian Prince kidnaps

____________(113), beautiful wife of the Greek king.b. Result after 10 years, the Mycenaeans destroy the city of

Troy by using the __________________________________(113).c. Homer, a Greek poet, wrote the __________(114) and the

_________(114),describing the war and the travels of Odysseus.d. Economy based on the trading of grapes, grains and olivese. ___________________________(113), a German archaeologist,

discovered the possible site of the city of Troyiii. Dorians (1100 BC – 750 BC)1. Mycenaean civilization collapses2. Very primitive nomadic groups will invade with iron weapons3. Beginning of the Dark Ages because economy will collapse

and trade will come to a standstilla. According to historians, the Dorians lost the ability to

_____________(114), therefore little is known about this time period.

3. Greek Culture:a. Religion:

i. Greek Gods possess human qualities such as _____________, _____________, _____________(114).ii. Greek Gods often quarreled and competed with each other.iii. ___________________(114) was the ruler of the Gods. Greek

Gods did not live in heaven, but on Mount ________________________(114).

Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet

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3. Greek Culture:b. Greek word for city state is ________________(115)i. Influenced by geography, the city state will share certain features

1. small size2. small population3. ______________________(115), a public center4. ______________________(115) a fortified hilltop

Ii. City states remained separate because of geography, jealousy, and differing personalities

c. Government:i. City-states formed different political structures

1. King ruled government was called a ______________________(115)

2. A government ruled by a small group of noble and land-owning families is

called an_______________________(115)a. Often gained political power after working in the king’s

______________(115)3. A government ruled by a few powerful people is an

_________________(115)a. Formed when wealthy merchants and artisans shared or

took power from nobles.4. Most Greeks looked down on all non-Greek foreigners, whom

they considered to be __________________________(115)ii. Greek foot soldiers, called ____________________(115) formed

a fearsome fighting formation called a________________________(115).iii. Powerful individuals called ______________________(116)

gained control of the government by appealing to the poor and the discontented

for support.d. Sparta

i. Geography; located in the southern part of Greece called _____________(116)

ii. Government:1. Monarchy was headed by _________(116) kings, who had no

power.2. _____________________________________(116) proposed the

laws.3. Assembly of citizens voted on the proposed laws4. 5 elected officials called ______________________(116) carried

out the laws (powerful)iii. Social classes:1. _________________(116) were descendants of the original

inhabitants and controlled the government.2. Neighbors were free people with no citizenship3. __________________(116) served as household servants4. Most people were farmers5. Helots and Neighbors outnumbered the Spartans 20 to 1iv. Military Machine – “A city is well fortified which has a wall of

men instead of brick”1. Regulated the lives of citizens from birth to death2. Sickly babies were killed3. Role of male:a. Age 7, went to live in _____________________(116)b. Age 20, began military service until the age of 60c. Age 30, marriedd. Role of female:a. Went through strict physical training to develop strength and

endurance. As mother of future soldiers, she had to be physically fit. Trained in

patriotic devotion.

Jarrett-Unit 2: Greece Worksheet (pg. 2)

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d. Sparta (cont)5. Stressed absolute loyalty, courage, strength and endurance!6. No major contribution achieved because intelligence

achievements were not stressed

e. Athens – The birthplace of ____________________________(117)i. Geography; Ionians settled on Atticaii. Government:1. ________________________(117) – rule by the people2. Citizens participated directly in political decision making

a. Only___________________________(117) could be citizens.

iii. Reformers:1. ____________________(117) wrote the first legal

code – the law was harsh2. ____________________(117) outlawed debt slaverya. Legal concept that allowed any citizen to

_____________(117)3. _______________________(118) financed reform by

placing a tax on agricultural production. He also started a _______________________________(118) to provide

jobs.4. ____________________________(118) introduced a

series of reforms that allowed Athenian citizens to

participate in a limited democracy. Only _______(118) of Athenian residents

were actual citizens.

4. Conflict:

a. Persian War:i. First Persian War1. Conflict began on coast of Anatolia when the

_____________________(118) revolted against Persians and ____________________(118) sent

ships and soldiers to give aid. 2 Persian King, ___________________(118) defeated the rebels

and then vowed to destroy_______________________(118) in revenge, but failed due to

weather.ii. Second Persian War1. Persians were defeated in the battle of

________________________(118) even though they greatly outnumbered the Greeks.2. __________________________(118) ran 26.2 miles to give the

news of the Greek victory, then he collapsed and died.iii. Third Persian War1. Persian army now led by ______________________(118), son of

Darius the Great.2. Narrow mountain pass at _________________________(118) was

where the Spartans, under the leadership of King Leonidas, attempted to

hold of the Persian army. After 3 days, a traitor showed the Persians a

secret path that resulted in __________(118-119) 300 Spartans to die.


4. Conflict: a. Persian War: (cont)3. Athenian statesman, ___________________________(119) convinced the Athenians to evacuate the city and fight at sea. The Battle of

______________________(119) resulted in an Athenian victory because Persian ships found it hard to

maneuver in the narrow channel. The Persians lost ___________(119) of their fleet.4. The final battle was at _______________________(119) where the Persians

were defeated.iv. Consequences of the Persian war;1. A new alliance called the ____________________________(119) was formed

under theleadership of _______________________(119). It brought Athens into a brief

golden age.5. Pericles:

a. Three goals of Pericles was: (120)1. ________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________b. ______________________________________(120); a form of government in

which citizens rule directly.c. For Pericles to finance his reforms, he used funds from the

______________________(121) treasury without approval of other members from the league. 6. Golden Age:

a. Architecture; i. The ________________________(121) was built with funds from the Delian

League. It was a temple to honor Athena. ii. The Statue of Athena was done by _____________________(121)iii. The values of order, balance, and proportion became the standard of

_______________(121) art.b. Drama;i. The Greeks invented drama and built the first

_______________________(121) in the west.ii. The Greeks wrote 2 types of plays ___________________ and

___________________(122) 7. Peloponnesian War:

a. It was fought between the city-state of ___________________ and ________________(123).

b. The advantage at sea belonged to _________________(123) and ___________________(123)

on land.c. Pericles strategy was to avoid ________________ and to strike

_____________ at sea(123).d. Athens was greatly weakened by a __________________(123) that killed

1/3 to 2/3 of its population including _________________(123). Athenians also suffered a

major setback when they failed in their attempt to take Syracuse.

8. Philosophers:a. The word ‘philosophers’ means

_____________________________________(124)b. Greek thinkers based their philosophy on two assumptions.i. The universe is put together in an orderly way and people can

understand those laws through_____________________ and _______________(124).c. ________________________(124) questioned people’s unexamined beliefs

and ideas about justice and other traditional values. ________________________(124) was one

of the most famous Sophists who questioned the existence of traditional Greek gods.


d. Socrates:i. He was a critic of the Sophists. He believed that absolute standards did

exist for _________________ and ________________(124). He also said the Greeks should question

themselves and their ________________, _____________(124). Socrates developed a method of

teaching called the ___________________(125), which uses a ________________and_________________(125) approach. Socrates was brought to trial for

corrupting the ________________________________(124), but he claimed that his teachings

were good for Athens because they forced people to think about their ____________and____________(124). The jury passed a verdict of

_______________(124) and Socrates was sentenced to ________________(124).e. Platoi. Plato was a student of ___________________(124). Plato wrote down

conversations he had held with Socrates. His most famous work was the

____________________(124), in which he describes his vision of a perfectly __________________________(125). Plato

opened a school called the __________________(125). His writings will dominate Europe for

nearly ______________(125) years.f. Aristotlei. He questioned the nature of the world and of

________________________________(125).He came close to summarizing ___________________________(125) up to his

time. He developed a method of arguing called ________________(125). His work

provides the basis of the _______________________(125) used today. He opened a school in Athens

called ________________(125). One of his most famous students was

____________________(125).

9. Philip of Macedoniaa. Used phalanx, cavalry to defend his country. He will plan to invade

Greece. Athenian orator _____________________(128) tried to warn Greece of the threat Philip

imposed, but Greek city-states could not agreeon a single policy. Macedonians soundly defeated the Greeks at the battle

of ______________________(128), ending Greece independence. Philip then planned to invade

__________________(128) but was murdered by a former guardsman.________________________(128) was then proclaimed king.

10. Hellenistic Culturea. Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian influence is

called ___________(132)b. The city of ______________________(132) became the center of the

Hellenistic civilization.c. _____________________(132) was an enormous lighthouse that stood over

the Alexandria harbor.d. Alexandria was also known for its famous museum and

__________________(132), which was the first true__________________________(133) in the world.e. Astronomyi. Aristarchus’ two significant conclusions were:1. The sun ___________________________________________(133)2. The earth and planets ___________________________________(133)ii. ______________________(133) incorrectly placed the ___________(133) at

the center of the universe.iii. ______________________(133) closely calculated the earths’ true size. He

claimed the earths’ circumference was _______________(133) miles, when it is actually 24,860 miles. His estimate was

within ______% (133) of modern calculations.iv. ________________________(133) invented the system of longitude and

latitude.


10. Hellenistic Culture (cont)

f. Mathematics and Physicsg. Euclid wrote __________________(134), which is still the basis for courses

in geometry today.ii. _______________________(134) calculated the value of ‘pi’, explained the

law of the ___________(134) and invented the _____________________(134) pulley and a _____________________(134).g. Philosophy and Arti. Two major philosophies that developed during the Hellenistic period are

_____________(134) and __________________________(135).ii. ____________________ developed stoicism, which is, the belief that divine

power controlled the universe. He proposed that people should live a life in harmony with

natural _________(134). He preached that vices should be controlled and that people should focus

on the things they can _______________(134)iii. Epicureanism was founded by ____________________(135). He taught that

the universe was composed of ___________(135) and ruled by _____________(135) who had no

interest in ________________(135).He believed that the only real objects were those the

___________________(135) could perceive. The greatest good and highest pleasure came from virtuous

conduct and absence of ____________(135). The main goals of humans was to achieve harmony of

______________ and ____________(135). He advocated ___________________(135) in all things.iv. Two examples of Hellenistic sculptors:1. ___________________________________________(135)2. ___________________________________________(135)


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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Section One: The Romans Create a Republic

1. Republic:

2. Patricians:

3. plebeians:

4. tribunes:

5. Twelve Tables:

6. consuls:

7. senate:

8. Centuriate Assembly:

9. Tribal Assembly:

10. Praetors:

11. dictators:

12. Roman legions:

13. veto:

14. Punic Wars:

15. Hannibal:

Jarrett-Unit 2: Vocab Rome Sheet

Name:

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Section Two: The Roman Empire Brings Change

16. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus:

17. civil war:

18. Julius Caesar:

19. triumvirate:

20. absolute ruler:

21. Mark Antony:

22. Cleopatra:

23. Augustus:

24. Pax Romana:

25. civil service:

Bad Emperors

26. Caligula:

27. Nero:

28. Domitian:

Good Emperors

29. Nerva:

30. Trajan:


Name:

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31. Hadrian:

32. Antoninus Pius:

33. Marcus Aurelius:

34. gladiators:Roman name Greek name god of…Jupiter Zeus Head godMars Ares God of warJuno Hera Mother of godsVenus Aphrodite Goddess of loveMercury Hermes Messenger/medicinePluto Hades God of the underworldNeptune Poseidon God of the sea 35. colosseum: Section Three: The Rise of Christianity

36. zealot:

37. Jesus:

38. Gospel:

39. apostles:

40. messiah:

41. Peter:

42. Paul:

43. Diaspora:


Name:

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44. scapegoats:

45. hierarchy:

46. bishop:

47. pope:

48. Constantine:

49. Edict of Milan:

50. heresy:Section Four: The Decline of the Roman Empire

51. inflation:

52. Diocletian:

53. Constantinople:

54. Alaric:

55. Attila:

56. sacked:


Name:

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Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet

Slide 8

APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

How was Athenian democracy different from American democracy today?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Slide 11

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING1. __2. __3. __4. __5. __6. __7. __8. __9. __10.__

Slide 19

Name:

APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDMany of the letter in our alphabet come from Greek and Phoenician letters. How does such an alphabet differ from Egyptian hieroglyphics or Chinese characters?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ACTING AS AN AMATEUR HISTORIAN

Read the following document from Plato’s Crito. Then answer the two questions that follow.

What reasons does Socrates give to his students for his refusal to escape?

• ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Would you have agreed with his reasoning? Explain your answer.• ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Look at it this way. Suppose that while we are preparing to run away, the laws and Constitution of Athens were to come and ask; ‘Now Socrates, what are you doing? Can

you deny that by this act you are thinking of, you will have the power to destroy us, the laws, and the whole state as well? Do you imagine that a city can continue to exist and not be turned upside down, if the legal judgments pronounced have no force, and

are destroyed by private person? You have 70 years in which you could have left the country if you were not satisfied with us or felt the agreements were unfair. And now, after all this, are you not going to stand by your agreement?’” ---Plato,

Crito

Slide 12

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Slide 13

Slide 15

Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer SheetRead the following document from Aristotle’s Politics. Then

answer the question below.

• What three types of government does Aristotle identify? How do they differ.

• _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“We have next to consider how many forms of government there are, and what they are…The true forms of government are those in which the one, the few or not the many govern with a view to the common interest…Of forms of government in which one rules, we call that kingship; that in which more than one but not many rule, we call aristocracy; when citizens at large administer the state for the common interest, the government is called a democracy.” ---Aristotle, Politics

Political and Military Map: The extent of Alexander’s empire.Checking for understanding:Based on the map, how does Alexander get most of the credit for the spread of Greek ideas throughout the Middle East to India?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDWhat debt did the Romans owe to the ancient Greeks?• ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imagine you are writing a speech about the legacy of the Roman empire. What would you identify as its most enduring contributions.• ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Slide 23

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Slide 24

Jarrett-Unit 2: Answer Sheet

The FirstCivilizations

Persia:

Location:_________________________________________Characteristics___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Achievements:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Greece:


Rome:


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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET

Name:

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Jarrett-Unit 2: STAAR REVIEW SHEET pg. 2

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jarrett-unit 2: review sheet

Documents

greek gods

greek king

greek culture

greek poet

classical civilization

pythagorasrome collapse

king agamemnon2

period of time