japanese unification
TRANSCRIPT
Identify three things needed to end the Sengoku Era.Identify three things needed to end the Sengoku Era.
Japanese UnificationJapanese UnificationOda NobunagaOda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu
Utilized ruthless force, military skill and firearms
from Europe to unite most of Honshu. He was betrayed
and killed in 1580.
Utilized ruthless force, military skill and firearms
from Europe to unite most of Honshu. He was betrayed
and killed in 1580.
Utilized great military skill and diplomacy to pacify resisting Daimyos. He
became military master of Japan by 1590 and died in
1598.
Utilized military and political skill to limit the
power of the Daimyos. 1603 - Granted title of Shogun,
unified Japan and ended the era of “sengoku.”
Japanese InvasionJapanese Invasion
Hideyoshi wanted to attack China not only because of his vast ego, but also to maintain control of the Daimyo. His rule was based on the sharing of spoils, especially land,
among the powerful samurai lords that comprised Hideyoshi's power base. By 1592, land was a scarce commodity in Japan, and Hideyoshi needed to assault his neighbors in
order to appease his supporters.
Hideyoshi wanted to attack China not only because of his vast ego, but also to maintain control of the Daimyo. His rule was based on the sharing of spoils, especially land,
among the powerful samurai lords that comprised Hideyoshi's power base. By 1592, land was a scarce commodity in Japan, and Hideyoshi needed to assault his neighbors in
order to appease his supporters.
Now that I have united Japan, my goal is to take
over Ming China and then India!
Now that I have united Japan, my goal is to take
over Ming China and then India!
Who does Hideyoshi attack in order to get to Ming China?Who does Hideyoshi attack in order to get to Ming China?
The Imjin War 1592-1598
The Imjin War 1592-1598
Korean officials did not believe that Japan would invade and refused to give Hideyoshi’s army access to China. The peaceful Joseon Dynasty was not
prepared for Japan’s invasion of 160,000 troops and the entire peninsula was quickly overtaken in two months.
Korean officials did not believe that Japan would invade and refused to give Hideyoshi’s army access to China. The peaceful Joseon Dynasty was not
prepared for Japan’s invasion of 160,000 troops and the entire peninsula was quickly overtaken in two months.
Japan’s Ashiguru army had superior numbers, training,
and utilized muskets!
Japan’s Ashiguru army had superior numbers, training,
and utilized muskets! The Joseon King fled to the North and all hope seemed to be lost!
The Joseon King fled to the North and all hope seemed to be lost!
The Imjin War 1592-1598
The Imjin War 1592-1598
Chinese troops were sent to defend Korea but were no more
than uniformed thugs masquerading as soldiers. One
mark of military success in sixteenth century China was how many heads soldiers could take in
battle. During the Imjin War, badly led and poorly trained
Chinese troops often beheaded innocent Korean civilians in order to drive up their head
counts to win favor with Beijing.
Chinese troops were sent to defend Korea but were no more
than uniformed thugs masquerading as soldiers. One
mark of military success in sixteenth century China was how many heads soldiers could take in
battle. During the Imjin War, badly led and poorly trained
Chinese troops often beheaded innocent Korean civilians in order to drive up their head
counts to win favor with Beijing.
Fun
Fact!Fun
Fact!
ADMIRAL YI SUN-SINADMIRAL YI SUN-SIN
A Korean Hero
Admiral Yi Sun-sinAdmiral Yi Sun-sin
The “Kobukson,” or Turtle ShipThe “Kobukson,” or Turtle Ship
•Naval Commander who revived Korean Naval Force.•Improved weapons and invented “Turtle Ships”
•Improved discipline and morale of sailors•He won all 23 major naval battles he fought.
Undefeated!
•Naval Commander who revived Korean Naval Force.•Improved weapons and invented “Turtle Ships”
•Improved discipline and morale of sailors•He won all 23 major naval battles he fought.
Undefeated!
•The prow is shape of dragon’s head and cannon balls are fired through it.
•Turtle’s back is covered with iron spikes.
•Arrows and cannon fire can be launched from every part of ship.
•Sailors can see enemy but enemy can not see them.
•Ship can launch continuous attack
•The prow is shape of dragon’s head and cannon balls are fired through it.
•Turtle’s back is covered with iron spikes.
•Arrows and cannon fire can be launched from every part of ship.
•Sailors can see enemy but enemy can not see them.
•Ship can launch continuous attack
Battle of HansandoBattle of Hansando
The Crane Wing Formation
The Crane Wing Formation
Yi Sun-sin’s navy sank 47 enemy ships and
captured 12. Only 14 ships escaped!
Yi Sun-sin’s navy sank 47 enemy ships and
captured 12. Only 14 ships escaped!
This Victory cut Japan off from their troops in
Korea and quickly led to Japan’s exit of the
peninsula!
This Victory cut Japan off from their troops in
Korea and quickly led to Japan’s exit of the
peninsula!
Battle of HansandoJuly 8th , 1592
Battle of HansandoJuly 8th , 1592
Film Clip start at 1:57
Major Naval Battles!Major Naval Battles! Battle of MyongnyangSeptember 16th, 1597
Battle of MyongnyangSeptember 16th, 1597
•Yi Sun-sin defeated 130 Japanese ships with only 13
Korean ships
• Forced Japanese into small Myongnyang channel
• Spotted dead body of Japanese General and
displayed it from top of mast.
•When tide changed, Japanese ships tried to flee but became
tangled in iron ropes placed in water by Yi.
• 31 Japanese ships sank, 90 damaged – no Korean ships
were lost.
•Yi Sun-sin defeated 130 Japanese ships with only 13
Korean ships
• Forced Japanese into small Myongnyang channel
• Spotted dead body of Japanese General and
displayed it from top of mast.
•When tide changed, Japanese ships tried to flee but became
tangled in iron ropes placed in water by Yi.
• 31 Japanese ships sank, 90 damaged – no Korean ships
were lost.
He who seeks death will live, and he who seeks life will die!”
He who seeks death will live, and he who seeks life will die!”
Yi Sun-sin died at the Battle of Noryang when he was hit by a stray bullet. As he lay
wounded he said, “The battle is at its height, tell no one of my death.” This was the last
battle of the Imjin War.
Results of Imjin WarResults of Imjin WarToyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Died in 1598, essentially ending the war. The Japanese
did not occupy Korea but the war left them in ruins.
Died in 1598, essentially ending the war. The Japanese
did not occupy Korea but the war left them in ruins.
Tokugawa took over power and focused on consolidating power in Japan. However, Japan benefitted from the Korean scholars, craftsmen,
medicine makers, gold smelters, potters, and printers that were taken as captives.
The war reaffirmed the Ming's status as the
supreme military power in East Asia and affirmed Chinese
willingness to aid in the protection of its
tributary/suzerain states. However, costs left them vulnerable to
Manchus.
• Feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of
the Tokugawa family.
• This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which
is now called Tokyo.
• The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1600 until 1868
• Feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of
the Tokugawa family.
• This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which
is now called Tokyo.
• The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from Edo Castle from 1600 until 1868
The Tokugawa ShogunateThe Tokugawa Shogunate
• 1605 - Ieyasu abdicated his official position as shogun and his son, Tokugawa Hidetada, became shogun.
• The abdication of Ieyasu had no effect on the practical extent of his powers or his rule, but it allowed a smooth transition of power.
• Hidetada nevertheless assumed a role as formal head of the bureaucracy (bakufu).
• 1605 - Ieyasu abdicated his official position as shogun and his son, Tokugawa Hidetada, became shogun.
• The abdication of Ieyasu had no effect on the practical extent of his powers or his rule, but it allowed a smooth transition of power.
• Hidetada nevertheless assumed a role as formal head of the bureaucracy (bakufu).
•Ota Dokan built this castle in 1432-1486
•Tokugawa Ieyasu used this castle as his first stronghold and began programs to build more.
•He charged the Daimyo with construction projects, delegating them responsibility over certain areas of the construction. Needed Shogun’s approval to build castles.
•As a result, the Daimyo competed with one another and tried to seek the approval of the Shogun.
•Ota Dokan built this castle in 1432-1486
•Tokugawa Ieyasu used this castle as his first stronghold and began programs to build more.
•He charged the Daimyo with construction projects, delegating them responsibility over certain areas of the construction. Needed Shogun’s approval to build castles.
•As a result, the Daimyo competed with one another and tried to seek the approval of the Shogun.
Japanese CastlesJapanese Castles
•Sankin kōtai ("alternate attendance") was a policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The requirement was that the Daimyo move periodically between Edo and his han (land), typically spending alternate years in each place.
•His wife and heir were required to remain in Edo as hostages.
•The purpose was to control the daimyo.
•The expenditures necessary to maintain lavish residences in both places, and for the procession to and from Edo, placed financial strains on the daimyo making them unable to wage war.
Alternate AttendanceAlternate Attendance
Shimabara Rebellion •In the wake of a new castle at Shimabara, taxes were drastically raised, which provoked anger
from local peasants and lordless samurai. •Religious persecution against Christians led to open revolt in 1637.
•The Tokugawa Shogunate sent a force of over 125,000 troops to suppress the rebellion, and after a lengthy siege against the rebels at Hara Castle, defeated them.
•Results: rebel leader Amakusa Shiro was beheaded, persecution of Christianity became strictly enforced.
Europeans Bring Christianity and GunsEuropeans Bring Christianity and Guns
•Portuguese traders arrived in
1543•Jesuit Priests
began to spread Christianity in
1549•Spanish conquest of the Philippines took place in 1521
– Threatened Japan
•Portuguese traders arrived in
1543•Jesuit Priests
began to spread Christianity in
1549•Spanish conquest of the Philippines took place in 1521
– Threatened Japan Francis Xavier, Jesuit Priest
•Closed country edict – Tokugawa “closed” Japan from foreign contact.
•Government highly regulated and limited trade •Allowed the Dutch, Chinese, and Korea limited
trade.
Closed Country Edict - 1649Closed Country Edict - 1649
1603-1869•Relied on Feudal system – Shogun appointed and controlled Daimyo.• Appointed Samurai to serve the
Daimyo.•Maintained a secret police called the
Metsuke.•Limited Japanese travel and banned
Western books.•Created an education system that
promoted Japanese identity.
Economic AccomplishmentsEconomic Accomplishments
As shown in the picture above, the merchants would walk around looking for travelers and
villagers to sell to and trade with.
As shown in the picture above, the merchants would walk around looking for travelers and
villagers to sell to and trade with.
Urbanization developed in cities like Nagasaki and Edo, modern day Tokyo.
Urbanization developed in cities like Nagasaki and Edo, modern day Tokyo.
•Aggressive public works including land reclamation, new canals and clean water supply systems - Urbanization
•Development of transportation and the existence of nationally unified markets•The rise of commerce, finance and the wealthy merchant class
•The rise of manufacturing (food processing, handicraft, etc)
•Aggressive public works including land reclamation, new canals and clean water supply systems - Urbanization
•Development of transportation and the existence of nationally unified markets•The rise of commerce, finance and the wealthy merchant class
•The rise of manufacturing (food processing, handicraft, etc)
Major Achievements:•Japanese novels, Haiku Poetry, Kabuki theater, literature, art, castles, block printers.
•Women’s rights restricted: lacked education, arranged marriage, could not own property
Isolation Japanese culture thrived:• Buddhism & Shintoism • Unique Japanese Art forms - Scrolls, wood-block painting…
Japan had its own Renaissance…but strictly for Japanese consumption!
Isolation Japanese culture thrived:• Buddhism & Shintoism • Unique Japanese Art forms - Scrolls, wood-block painting…
Japan had its own Renaissance…but strictly for Japanese consumption!
Old Pond.Old Pond.A Frog Jumps.A Frog Jumps.Sound of Water. Sound of Water.
- Ba- Basho
Old Pond.Old Pond.A Frog Jumps.A Frog Jumps.Sound of Water. Sound of Water.
- Ba- Basho
Some “Dutch Learning”• Anatomy, Medical Science, Botany, Astronomy
Why did the Japanese allow some trade with the Dutch?Why did the Japanese allow some trade with the Dutch?