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Page 1: Japanese Step by Step
Page 2: Japanese Step by Step

The Japanese Stage-Step CourseWriting Practice Book

The Writing Practice Book provides a step-by-step guide to writing kana and kanji. It is designed to give max-imum flexibility to users of the Japanese Stage-Step Course and enables students to learn, practice and perfecttheir writing skills at their own pace.

The book is divided into two parts; the first focuses on kana and the second on kanji. There are clear instruc-tions on stroke order followed by tracing exercises and plenty of boxes are provided for additional practice.Kanji are gradually introduced in sets and are accompanied by the Japanese readings, examples of usage andradicals.

The Japanese Stage-Step Course also includes the Grammar Textbook, Workbooks 1 and 2, audio material onCDs or in MP3 format and a companion website (www.routledge.com/textbooks/japanese-stage-step-course).

Wako Tawa is professor and director of the Japanese Language Program in the Department of AsianLanguages and Civilizations at Amherst College, Massachusetts.

Page 3: Japanese Step by Step

The Japanese Stage-Step Course is a fully integrated language course from beginner through to intermediatelevel, combining cohesive grammar instruction with functional examples and practice to build a solid foun-dation in the four key skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The course materials consist of:

Grammar TextbookWorkbook 1Workbook 2Writing Practice BookCD 1CD 2

For more information about The Japanese Stage-Step Course and additional resources, please visit the com-panion website at www.routledge.com/textbooks/japanese-stage-step-course.

Page 4: Japanese Step by Step

The Japanese Stage-Step CourseWriting Practice Book

Wako Tawa

Page 5: Japanese Step by Step

First published 2009by Routledge270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Simultaneously published in the UKby Routledge2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2009 Wako Tawa

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form orby any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including pho-tocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission inwriting from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataTawa, Wako.

The Japanese stage-step course / Wako Tawa.p. cm.

Includes index.Set consists of “Grammar textbook” “Workbooks 1-2” “Writing practice book” and “CD 1-2.”

1. Japanese language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 2. Japanese language—Grammar—Textbooks. I. Title.

PL539.5.E5T3929 2009495.6'82421–dc22

2008033909

ISBN13: 978-0-415-77605-9 (grammar textbook)ISBN13: 978-0-203-88285-6 (grammar ebook)ISBN13: 978-0-415-77606-6 (workbook 1)ISBN13: 978-0-415-77611-0 (workbook 2)ISBN13: 978-0-203-88233-7 (writing practice book)ISBN13: 978-0-415-77603-5 (CD 1)ISBN13: 978-0-415-77787-2 (CD 2)

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’scollection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

ISBN 0-203-88233-4 Master e-book ISBN

Page 6: Japanese Step by Step

Preface

This Writing Practice Book contains information on hiragana, katakana, and kanji as part of theJapanese Stage-Step Course. It supports the study of Japanese organized in Workbook 1 andWorkbook 2 with background provided in the Grammar Textbook, and presents lessons forpracticing the elements of the Japanese writing system in several steps, beginning with kana,proceeding to kanji, and giving space for practice and sample sentences using the characterstaught.

About hiragana and katakanaI discuss kanji in detail below, but will first say a few words about kana. This book is designed toteach the writing of hiragana, but with katakana the emphasis is on reading. Students should learnthe words in katakana as they appear in the new vocabulary. While they should certainly learn howto write personally relevant words in katakana (such as their name, country, etc.), being able toread katakana has much wider practical use.

About reading and writing kanjiLearning to read and write kanji (logographs) is a challenge to learners of Japanese unless they arefrom countries where such characters are already used. For the majority of students who have notstudied kanji before, however, unfortunately there is really no shortcut. It takes years for theJapanese themselves to become proficient, so it must be assumed that adult learners of Japanesewill require even more time. This process needs to be carried out in an efficient way so that morekanji will be learned with a higher retention rate. For example, studying by rote without under -standing the system would be a waste of time and energy. It must also be understood that readingand writing kanji are two separate skills, both of which must be practiced in order to improve.

Gaining a facility in writing kanji takes much longer than learning to read them or recognize theirmeaning, and most people, Japanese included, are better at reading than at writing. It does notmake sense to slow down the learning process just because teachers believe that learners mustknow how to write everything they can read. In fact, it is more practical to emphasize learning toread and recognize kanji and to take plenty of time, moving at an individual pace in learning towrite them. (There is great variation from one person to another in learning to write kanji.)

From the very beginning, students should become accustomed to seeing sentences that are writtenin a mixture of kanji and kana rather than being shown sentences all in kana at first and then onlygradually introducing kanji.

As with every aspect of learning Japanese in this course, students can retain kanji better when theylearn them systematically. But again, learning the system in which kanji are organized is notenough to learn to write. Students who want to be able to write kanji have to write them over andover again until their hand memorizes the stroke order and movements. This repetition, togetherwith an understanding of the system of kanji, is the most efficient and reliable way of learning howto write.

When should students learn to write kanji? The Writing Practice Book has been designed to givemaximum flexibility to users of this course. Five hundred kanji are introduced, with the strokeorder provided for the first 200 kanji. Below I offer some suggestions for things such as the righttime to introduce kanji and how to learn stroke order.

Page 7: Japanese Step by Step

When to teach kanjiWhile kanji recognition may be introduced almost from the beginning, writing instruction shouldonly begin after students have grown accustomed to how sentences are actually written with amixture of kanji and kana.

My experience is that teaching the system of kanji—and building in sufficient recognitionpractice—gives students a foundation that allows for a smooth transition to the introduction ofwriting. For instance, it is recommended that students learn to write hiragana while learning theexpressions introduced in the Preparatory Stage. The learning of katakana, which is mainly amatter of recognition except for a few things relevant to each learner, can then take place duringStages 1-1 and 1-2. Kanji recognition can begin in Stage 1-3. If instructors feel that their students areready, writing kanji can begin at the end of Stage 1-4 or Stage 1-5. The instructors at each schoolshould determine what makes the most sense for their students.

The order of kanji instructionFive hundred kanji are introduced in this book. Beyond the 500, students should learn kanji asencountered in the course of reading or using other materials. In the beginning, a set of 10 kanjiare introduced in each section. After the first five sections, this is increased to 15. There are 35 sec-tions in this book.

Students do not necessarily have to learn kanji in the order in which they are introduced in thisbook. The order of introduction does not matter very much, but two points should be kept in mind:

• Kanji should be learned with words students already know; learning kanji in isolation is noteffective.

• Bad habits are very difficult to correct later. Students should learn each kanji well and thoroughlybefore moving on.

Students should learn how each kanji is constructed and how it is used. In addition, they shouldknow when to use the on-reading and when to use the kun-reading. It really helps to take time atthe beginning to learn each kanji thoroughly. Retention is important, so while students shouldtake time to learn, they should also work regularly and steadily. Moreover, they should welcomecomments from their instructors on the writing order and shape of their kanji. Once students areused to these basics, and have gained some experience, they will find learning to write kanjiquicker and easier.

Kanji quizzesIt is best if instructors are able to make individual quizzes for individual students. If that is notpossible, giving frequent quizzes with a small number of kanji is better than fewer quizzes with alarger number. Also, it is always good to repeat some old kanji when giving quizzes on new ones.Testing kanji at least at word level, if not at sentence level, is more effective than testing them inisolation. Be sure to use words with which the students are familiar.

Stroke orderThere is a basic stroke order that all students must learn for kanji and kana. It is most importantthat students develop the right habits regarding writing order from the very beginning. Since stu-dents will be learning new ways of writing characters, it is best to learn them in the right way fromthe beginning. The basic stroke order for kanji (and kana) is somewhat different than foralphabetic letters, so students are likely to use an unnatural and unconventional order to writetheir kanji if they are not monitored carefully at the beginning. Both teachers and students shouldbe advised that it is virtually impossible to fix incorrect stroke order after it has become habitual.

You will notice that stroke order is no longer supplied after the 200th kanji. This is because inmost cases the stroke order for characters beyond this point may be deduced from the principles

vi Preface (Writing Practice Book)

Page 8: Japanese Step by Step

learned for the first 100 or so kanji. There are certainly a few characters that may have an unex-pected writing order, but even native Japanese do not know or agree with each other about someof these more complicated cases. The most important thing for students is to learn the basic prin-ciples. Nevertheless, it is important not to be too strict or fussy about stroke order in all cases.Knowing and practicing the basics is far more important. When the stroke order of a part of a newkanji has already been shown, some of the numbers are omitted.

Information provided At the beginning of each section, a set of new kanji is provided in a chart that includes on and kunreadings, meanings, radicals, and examples. This information is not meant to be exhaustive;rather, only the more typical readings and meanings are given. In some cases, a single kanji mayhave five or more readings, and space does not allow for everything to be included. Also, studentsshould be aware that the radical for some kanji is not completely agreed upon by scholars andteachers. For the characters listed in the charts in this book, the radicals are generally those agreedupon, but for a few there are other possibilities.

Boxes provided for practiceFor each new kanji, blank space is provided in which relevant information can be noted andwriting can be practiced. In some cases, the number of boxes provided may be sufficient, but inother cases, it may not be. Be flexible in this regard as well. If more space is needed, use morepaper to practice on. The boxes are helpful in trying to write well-balanced characters, especiallythose with many strokes.

Use a pencil to practiceDo not use a pen to practice kanji. It is easy to make mistakes when trying to write new characters,and it is good to be able to erase unsatisfactory attempts. Kanji should never be written in a hurry;each stroke should be drawn with care. Neatness is very important, and good habits should bedeveloped from the very beginning.

Preface (Writing Practice Book) vii

Page 9: Japanese Step by Step
Page 10: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kana

Page 11: Japanese Step by Step
Page 12: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kana

Kanji (Chinese logographs) were borrowed from China sometime around the fifth century.Around the tenth century, the Japanese created the two sets of syllabic characters (kana), hiraganaand katakana, from kanji. Hiragana were derived by simplifying certain kanji and katakana fromcertain parts of kanji.

Hiragana (pronounced “ah”), which has several variations depending on font types and style ofhandwriting, is the simplification of the kanji .

The katakana (pronounced “ah”) are taken from the left vertical line and the upper left part ofthe kanji .

from the kanji or, in a different font, .

The kana were devised because kanji alone were not sufficient to express things such as verbendings and particles. Thus, in present-day Japanese, many nouns, the roots of most verbs andadjectives, and other elements of words, are written in kanji, while particles, the endings of verbsand adjectives, and some adverbs are written in hiragana. It may be kept in mind that whenever acertain kanji is not known, hiragana can always be substituted.

Katakana were originally developed in order to display the pronunciations of kanji in Chinese texts,mainly in the Buddhist scriptures, but in present-day Japanese, katakana is used for loan wordsfrom other languages, for emphasis, for onomatopoeic expressions, and some other cases.

Hiragana and katakana are introduced together in this book, as some resemble each other.Workbook 1 suggests that hiragana be introduced first for both reading and writing, and katakanafor recognition (students must learn to write individually relevant words at an early stage, howev-er) after learning hiragana.

It is important to note that there are handwriting as well as font variations for each letter. Sincethese variations are infinite in number, only some of the more common ones are shown in thistextbook.

Page 13: Japanese Step by Step

4 Writing Kana (Writing Practice Book)

� 46 basic sounds

Hiragana (left) and Katakana (right)

a i u e o

a i u e o

k ka ki ku ke ko

s sa si(shi) su se so

t ta ti(chi) tu(tsu) te to

n na ni nu ne no

h ha hi hu he ho

m ma mi mu me mo

y ya yu yo

r ra ri ru re ro

w wa wo(o)

N

Kana are sometimes written or printed in different styles or fonts, as shown below. Some are closerto handwriting; others are standard styles used in newspapers, magazines, and other printedmatter. The font used in the above chart and in the examples in this textbook is also used in thetextbooks that Japanese students use in Japan, and is closer to handwriting.

s

The lessons for practice in writing kana (and, later, kanji) in the Writing Practice Book show modelcharacters with numbers indicating the order in which the strokes should be written. Stroke orderis not random and it is advisable to learn this correct stroke order, which makes it easier to shapecharacters skillfully. The sequence of strokes follow certain general principles:

Stroke Order

ki:

na:

ya:

sa:

hu:

ri:

so:

mo:

Page 14: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kana (Writing Practice Book) 5

� Horizontal lines

Horizontal lines are drawn from left to right.

__________

� Vertical and diagonal lines

Vertical and diagonal lines are written from top to bottom.

� Crossing lines

When a horizontal and a vertical line cross each other, the horizontal line is usually drawn first.2

1

� Left to right

When lines are not crossed, the left element should be written first. For all letters below, draw theleft part first and then the right.

� Top to bottom

When lines are not crossed, the top element should be written first. For all the letters below, drawthe top part first, and then go down one line at a time.

s

� Lines with angles

When a line has an angle, it should be written in one stroke.

� Upward drawing

Some characters have a slanted line that is drawn from bottom to top. The katakana and areexamples.

Other Writing Rules

______

_____

Page 15: Japanese Step by Step

6 Writing Kana (Writing Practice Book)

� End of a stroke: trace of a stroke

Imagine you are using a brush to write kana and kanji. Moving the brush from one stroke to theother, your brush may leave a slight trace of its movement. See the end of the first stroke of thefollowing kana:

When you use a pen or pencil in writing, these traces may not show, or in some cases, the twostrokes may be connected by a trace. All are acceptable, as you can see variations of such tracesbelow:

� End of a stroke: complete stop (tome = )

The end of some horizontal and vertical strokes should be written by making a complete stop ofthe pen or pencil. These strokes should be drawn with a firm cessation of the pencil’s motion. Thismovement is called (tome), which literally means “stop.”

� End of a stroke: gradual ending (harai = )

Some strokes end with a tapering stroke called a (harai), letting the stroke trail off graduallyat the end.

� End of a stroke: upward flip (hane = )

The end of some strokes have upward flips, which should be distinguished from the tracesexplained above. While traces are optional, the (hane) motion, which means “flip upward,” isnot. For the third example, which is a kanji, see the vertical line in the lower left part of a characterends with a (hane) motion.

� Crossing vertical lines

When a horizontal line and a vertical line cross each other, it is important to learn when the verticalstroke goes through the horizontal line or simply touches it. For instance, see the following twokana:

In the first kana, , the last stroke, the vertical line with a curly ending, must start under, not overthe top horizontal line. The second kana, , has a vertical stroke that starts above the horizontalstroke. Compare the following kana:

The vertical line of the hiragana , starts above and passes through the top horizontal line, whilethat of the katakana starts under the top horizontal line.

The importance of how and where vertical strokes meet or intersect with horizontal strokes isnicely illustrated by the following kanji, all of which have different meanings

rice field say shell reason

Page 16: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 7

Vowels (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

3

1 2

1

2

1

2

1

23

Page 17: Japanese Step by Step

8 Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book)

Vowels (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

3

3

3

Page 18: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 9

o e u i a

o e u i a

Page 19: Japanese Step by Step

10 Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book)

K-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

1

2

3

3

3

4

Page 20: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 11

K-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2 j

3

3

Page 21: Japanese Step by Step

12 Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book)

ko ke ku ki ka

ko ke ku ki ka

Page 22: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 13

S-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

1

2

1

2

1 (2)

3

3

Page 23: Japanese Step by Step

14 Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book)

S-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1 2

3

3

Page 24: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 15

so se su si (shi) sa

so se su si (shi) sa

Page 25: Japanese Step by Step

16 Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book)

s

Fill out the chart below with the correct hiragana:

(1) Vowels

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

ai aoi

au iie

ue oou

ui oie

ao aou

(2) K-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

kaki oku

kuki ika

koke okiku

aki ekaki

koi kuuki

(3) S-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

sake kasa

sushi kishi

seki sekai

soko asoko

sashi sukoshi

Writing Hiragana

Page 26: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: vowels to s-line (Writing Practice Book) 17

Write the corresponding hiragana in the chart below:

(1) Vowels

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(2) K-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(3) S-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

Katakana Recognition

Page 27: Japanese Step by Step

18 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

T-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

1

12

3

4

Page 28: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book) 19

T-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1 2

1

2

1 2

1

2

1

2

3

3

3

3

Page 29: Japanese Step by Step

20 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

to te tu (tsu) ti (chi) ta

to te tu (tsu) ti (chi) ta

Page 30: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book) 21

N-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

12

12

1

2

1

3

3

4

Page 31: Japanese Step by Step

22 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

N-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

3

4

Page 32: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book) 23

no ne nu ni na

no ne nu ni na

Page 33: Japanese Step by Step

24 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

H-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

1

2

1

1 2

34

34

3

Page 34: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book) 25

H-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1 2

1

2

1

1

1

2

34

Page 35: Japanese Step by Step

26 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

ho he hu hi ha

ho he hu hi ha

Page 36: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book) 27

Fill out the chart below with the correct hiragana:

(1) T-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

tatsu taichi

tetsu sachiko

tochi tatsuo

toshi tesuto

tate otoko

(2) N-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

nani kinako

neko nishiki

nushi tanuki

tsuno kitsune

kachi nokosu

(3) H-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

hito hitotsu

hako hanako

hei huhei

hoka hoshii

huku hihuka

Writing Hiragana

Page 37: Japanese Step by Step

28 Kana: t-line to h-line (Writing Practice Book)

Write the corresponding hiragana in the chart below:

(1) T-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(2) N-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(3) H-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

Katakana Recognition

Page 38: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 29

M-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

12

1

2

3

3

3

j

Page 39: Japanese Step by Step

30 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

M-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

23

3

Page 40: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 31

mo me mu mi ma

mo me mu mi ma

Page 41: Japanese Step by Step

32 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

Y-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

12

12

3

j

Page 42: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 33

Y-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

2

3

Page 43: Japanese Step by Step

34 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

yo yu ya

yo yu ya

Page 44: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 35

R-line (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

12

1

1

2

1

Page 45: Japanese Step by Step

36 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

R-line (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1 2

12

1

1

2

3 j

Page 46: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 37

ro re ru ri ra

ro re ru ri ra

Page 47: Japanese Step by Step

38 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

W-line and N (hiragana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

1

2

1

3

Page 48: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 39

W-line and N (katakana)

Stroke order Trace and practice

12

1

2

1

2

3

Page 49: Japanese Step by Step

40 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

N wo wa

N wo wa

Page 50: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book) 41

s

Fill out the chart below with the correct hiragana:

(1) M-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

koma musuko

kami michiko

mono matasu

tsume hitome

muchi omou

(2) Y-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

yume yasumi

yashi otsuyu

yoko yonaka

(3) R-line

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

tara karai

suru tsukuru

huro yameru

mure amari

tsuri korera

(4) W-line and N

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

wani warui

hoN wareru

hutoN reNshi

saNso keNsa

Writing Hiragana

Page 51: Japanese Step by Step

42 Kana: m-line to N (Writing Practice Book)

s

Write the corresponding hiragana in the chart below:

(1) M-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(2) Y-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(3) R-line

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

(4) W-line and N

Katakana Hiragana Katakana Hiragana

Katakana Recognition

Page 52: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: 46 basic sounds (Writing Practice Book) 43

s

Fill in the following chart with hiragana. Do as much as you can and go back to it as many timesas you want. Writing the katakana is optional at this stage, but you may want to try anyway, assome are quite similar to the hiragana.

Hiragana Katakana (optional)

a i u e o a i u e o

k

s

t

n

h

m

y

r

w(o) (N) (o) (N)

Hiragana and Katakana

Page 53: Japanese Step by Step

44 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

s

With these 46 syllables as the basics, other sounds are represented as follows. Adding doublemarks at the upper right-hand corner of a character for a voiceless sound changes the sound tovoiced. Adding a small circle at the upper right-hand corner creates an explosive, bilabial soundcreated by two lips.

Hiragana (left) and katakana (right)

a i u e o

k → g ga gi gu ge go

s → z za zi(ji) zu ze zo

t → d da di(ji) du(zu) de do

h → b ba bi bu be bo

h → p pa pi pu pe po

Voiced (and Voiceless) Variations

Stroke order Trace and practice

Stroke order Trace and practice

1

2

345

Page 54: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 45

go ge gu gi ga

go ge gu gi ga

Page 55: Japanese Step by Step

46 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

zo ze zu zi(ji) za

zo ze zu zi(ji) za

Page 56: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 47

do de du(zu) di(ji) da

do de du(zu) di(ji) da

Page 57: Japanese Step by Step

48 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

bo be bu bi ba

bo be bu bi ba

Page 58: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 49

po pe pu pi pa

po pe pu pi pa

j j

Page 59: Japanese Step by Step

50 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

s

Another kind of kana variation was developed to express the palatalized sounds of the Japaneselanguage, the consonants that are created close to the roof of the mouth. These consonants arecombined with three vowels, /a/, /u/, and /o/. Palatalized as well double consonants use smallerversions of the letters , , , and .

Hiragana (left) and katakana (right)

a u o

ky kya kyu kyo

gy gya gyu gyo

sy (sh) sya(sha) syu(shu) syo(sho)

zy (j) zya(ja) zyu(ju) zyo(jo)

ty (ch) tya(cha) tyu(chu) tyo(cho)

ny nya nyu nyo

hy hya hyu hyo

by bya byu byo

py pya pyu pyo

my mya myu myo

ry rya ryu ryo

The dy-line, which is included in the Grammar Textbook, is omitted from the above table becauseit is rarely used. It is the voiced version of ty-line.

Palatalized Variations

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Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 51

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Short vowel Hiragana Katakana Long vowel Hiragana Katakana

ka kaa

ki kii

ku kuu

ke kee

ko koo

The long “ee” and “oo,” as in combinations, and , occur in only a few words. They must belearned individually.

The bar used to indicate the long vowels in katakana must be written horizontally when you writesentences horizontally. When you write sentences vertically, however, the long vowel bars mustalso be vertical. These bars must be written in the center of space.

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The following is the writing convention for double consonants:

Single Hiragana Katakana Double Hiragana Katakanaconsonant consonant

kaki kakki

moto motto

isho issho

masatsu massatsu

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When writing the smaller versions of the letters , , , and for palatalized consonants, usethe space of one full letter. When writing horizontally, write them at half the size of a regular char-acter and line up the characters at the bottom. See the following:

When writing vertically, align the half-sized characters with the others on the right.

Long Vowels

Double Consonants

Writing of Small Letters

Page 61: Japanese Step by Step

52 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

kyoo kyuu kyo kyu kya

kyoo kyuu kyo kyu kya

Page 62: Japanese Step by Step

Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 53

kuuki kooi koi kitte kite

kuuki kooi koi kitte kite

Page 63: Japanese Step by Step

54 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

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Fill out the chart below with the correct hiragana:

Roomaji Hiragana Roomaji Hiragana

geNki gozaimasu

desu ichido

onegai gomeN

yamada-saN boku

okagesama de hajimemashite

hisashiburi koNbaN

doomo doozo

ohayoo arigatoo

sensee hoNtoo

shitsuree maa maa

iimasu soo desu nee

mooshimasu moo ichido

yukkuri tappuri

motto masshiro

soppo makka

kyaku shuuri

kyoku shori

kyuu happyaku

kyoori saNbyaku

shanai byooki

Writing Hiragana

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The following words in katakana derive from English. Guess the English words from the followingkatakana. It may not be easy to guess since the correspondence between the English sounds andthe Japanese syllables has not been discussed, but it may be fun to try.

(1) The English /th/ sound is often represented as (su) in katakana.

Smith

(2) When there are strings of consonants without vowels between them in English, the Japaneseinsert a vowel between two consonants. Unfortunately, knowing which vowel to insert is notvery predictable.

strike (for “strike,” as in a baseball game)strike (for “strike,” meaning a demonstration)

Katakana Recognition

(1) Personal names

(2) Place names

(3) Food and drink words

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56 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

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There are a number of ways katakana can be combined to represent certain foreign sounds that donot occur in the Japanese language. Here are some ways to represent these sounds.

Katakana sound example English

wi whiskey

we Wayne

wo walkman

va violin

vi Venus

ve veil

vo vogue

she shell

je jet

che Chen

tsa pizza

ti party

di Dean

fa fan

fi film

fe felt

fo formal

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Guess the English words:

Katakana English Katakana English

Some Unique Katakana Combinations

Katakana Recognition

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Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book) 57

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Although writing katakana is not very important at this point, it is a good idea for each student tolearn to write katakana for the following. Some may not be so relevant to all students. Learn onlythe ones relevant to you. In the following, you can find some personal as well as place names forreference, although these lists are not complete. You may have to ask your instructor how to writesome of the names that you will need.

Items Write in katakana

Your family name

Your given name

Name of your school

Name of your home town

Your country

Other relevant names

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� Family names

Katakana English Katakana English

Smith Johnson

Jones William

Kim Chang, Chan

Lee Brown

Chen Forest

King Clark

Morrison Roberts

Robinson Young

Carter Peterson

� Given names

Katakana English Katakana English

Mary Nancy

Writing Katakana

Reference

Page 67: Japanese Step by Step

Carol Bob

John Joe

Bill Peter

Tom Mike

David Jacob

Jane Janet

Teresa Kelly

� Names of countries and continents

Katakana English Katakana English

America Africa

Asia Europe

Australia New Zealand

Mexico Canada

Brazil Chile

Columbia Russia

Greece Turkey

India Thailand

Vietnam Singapore

Cambodia Israel

Jordan France

Germany Italy

England Iceland

Ireland Denmark

Sweden Norway

Spain Portugal

Switzerland Holland

Kenya Egypt

58 Kana: variations (Writing Practice Book)

Page 68: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kanji

Page 69: Japanese Step by Step
Page 70: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kanji

There are many excellent books that explain the history of kanji and their use in present-day Japan.Only the most relevant information will be given here, and students should therefore seek othersources to further their knowledge.1

It is reported that close to 50,000 (and possibly more) kanji have been recorded and used at sometime in the course of history, but only 6,000–7,000 are now used in written Japanese. Of these,1,945 (this number will be increased to more than 2,000 by the fall of 2010) have been determinedby the government to be in common use; these are called jooyoo kanji.

� Bushu ( )

Although there will soon be more than 2,000 basic kanji that the student must learn in order to beliterate in Japanese, not every one of these is an isolated entity. Most kanji are combinations ofsome 200 basic elements, which are called “radicals” ( , pronounced ). Not all kanji arederived from pictures, as some might think. Most represent meanings, although a few are usedonly for phonetic purposes. How each meaning in each character originated is an interesting topicof inquiry, but there is no space to discuss that aspect of kanji fully in this book. Radicals oftenindicate categories of meaning, however, and it is very helpful to learn which part of a kanji is theradical. Radicals are the repeated and productive parts of kanji. For instance, the simple kanji ,meaning “tree,” was derived from a picture of a tree. This kanji can be used alone to mean “tree,”but it is also used as the radical of numerous kanji, as in (cherry tree), (plant), (plum tree),and so forth. The parts adjacent to the radical may provide sounds or other meanings. Again, akanji can itself also function as a radical, as is the case with the kanji “tree.”

There is only one radical per kanji. The following are the seven possible locations of radicals:(1) left side, called hen ( of , )(2) right side, called tsukuri ( of , )(3) top, called kanmuri ( of , )(4) bottom, called ashi ( of , )(5) enclosure, called kamae ( of , ), ( of , )(6) left-bottom, called nyoo ( of , )(7) top-left, called tare ( of , )

Not all bushu are easy to identify, and not all are treated in the same way in all dictionaries.Nevertheless, most of them are conventional and not too difficult to identify.

� On-yomi ( ) and Kun-yomi ( )

There is usually more than one pronunciation per kanji. Most characters are pronounced in at leasttwo ways, and some in many more ways. This is because their pronunciations are derived from twodifferent sources: native Japanese and Chinese. Native Japanese words that were matched up withthe meanings of characters introduced from China led to kanji pronunciations of words that wereoriginally Japanese. For instance, the verb that means “rest” in Japanese is yasumu. This verb wasmatched with a kanji that means “rest”—that is, . When the Japanese write this verb, they write

, and the kanji component is pronounced yasu, while the verb ending mu, is expressed in hira-gana. When hiragana are used in this way to complete a word, they are called okurigana ( ).This type of reading, that is, the pronunciation of a kanji in the Japanese way, is called kun-yomi,or kun-reading.

1 Some of the information presented here is obtained from Kanji and Kana: A Handbook of the Japanese Writing System byWolfgang Hadamitzky and Mark Spahn (Tuttle Publishing, 1981).

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62 Writing Kanji (Writing Practice Book)

When kanji came to Japan, the original sounds from Chinese came along with them. TheseChinese sounds are modified in Japanese ways, that is, the tonal distinctions were dropped (tonesare a very important part of the meaning of words in Chinese), and Japanese consonants and vow-els were added. For instance, the kanji is also pronounced kyuu when used in kanji compounds,which are made up of two or more kanji. An example of this is , which is pronounced kyuu-jitsu; this compound means “the day(s) one rests,” or “vacation.” This kind of pronunciation, areading that originated in Chinese, is called on-yomi, or on-reading.

The reasons why there can be more than one kun-reading or on-reading are: (1) the same kanji havebeen applied to multiple Japanese words and (2) in some cases the same kanji came from morethan one region of China (where different dialects were spoken and/or in a different period oftime).

� Hurigana ( )

Hurigana are the kana added to provide the reading of a kanji. Where used, they are normally writ-ten above the kanji when the writing is horizontal and on the right-hand side when the writing isvertical.

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� Horizontal and vertical writing

Japanese sentences can be written horizontally as well as vertically. When writing vertically, theybegin at the top right-hand corner and proceed downward. Upon reaching the bottom of the firstline, the sentence continues at the top of the second vertical line of the paper, starting to the left ofthe first line.

� Spaces

The Japanese do not use spaces between words. Word boundaries are adequately indicated by theuse of kanji, kana, and punctuation.

� Punctuation

Japanese use periods, “ ”, at the end of each sentence. The punctuation correspond-ing to the English comma is the ; “ ” , but it does not always function in the sameway. The use of is not strictly conventionalized; one common use is between phras-es and clauses. Since spaces are not used in Japanese, they are sometimes used to help readersidentify word, phrase, or clause boundaries.

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See the following sentence:

The sentence above consists of a mixture of kanji, hiragana, and katakana. It is possible to write theentire sentence in hiragana, as follows:

The word for “I,” , can be written in kanji if the writer knows that kanji, which is . Thefourth letter, , is a particle, and particles are never written in kanji. So, the sentence with thatkanji looks like this:

Writing Sentences in Japanese

The Use of Kanji and Kana

Page 72: Japanese Step by Step

Writing Kanji (Writing Practice Book) 63

The word for “America” comes from English. Such words are generally written in katakana, whichare basically used to indicate the sounds of things; here the function of the katakana is to illustratethe sound of this non-Japanese word:

The after means “person,” and it can be written in kanji, . The last two kana, ,cannot be written in kanji because together they constitute an element that changes form (conju-gates) depending on the meaning of the sentence (negative, positive, and so on). The entire sen-tence, therefore, is typically written using the combination of kanji, hiragana, and katakana shownin the sample sentence at the top of this section, which is repeated below.

Page 73: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

1 oneone

2 twotwo

3 threeone

4 fourborder

5 fivetwo

6 sixeight

7 sevenone

8 eighteight

9 ninetwo

10 tenten

� Reading: The kun-yomi is expressed in hiragana, and on-yomi in katakana. The information inthis column is not complete; only some typical readings are listed.

� Radical: The name and meaning of the radicals are given. The information here may be slightlydifferent from other resources, as not every radical is agreed upon.

Kanji (1–10)

Page 74: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 1–10 (Writing Practice Book) 65

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66 Kanji 1–10 (Writing Practice Book)

# # #

sKanji Practice Page

wide, big

Kanji # matchesthe text

Model kanji

Kanji meaning

Kun-reading

On-reading

Radical and itsmeaning

Example wordswith the kanji

Kanji practice space

roof

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Kanji 1–10 (Writing Practice Book) 67

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68 Kanji 1–10 (Writing Practice Book)

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70 Kanji 1–10 (Writing Practice Book)

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• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (place names)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 80: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

11 sun, daysun; day

12 origin; root;

booktree; wood

13 personman; human being

14 rice fieldrice field

15 middle,

insidevertical line

16 I, privategrain

17 learnchild; son

18 alive; born;

studentbe; born; live

19 ahead, tiplegs

20 yeardry

� The kanji may be shown in a different font as , which is used in newspapers.Follow the former way when writing.

� Notice that is pronounced as in or, in its voiced version, , as in . The tendency in Japanese is that the second kanji oftentimes becomes voiced. This is a ten-

dency and not a rule.� The first kanji in is pronounced rather than .

Kanji (11–20)

Page 81: Japanese Step by Step

72 Kanji 11–20 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 11–20 (Writing Practice Book) 73

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Page 83: Japanese Step by Step

74 Kanji 11–20 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 11–20 (Writing Practice Book) 75

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Page 85: Japanese Step by Step

76 Kanji 11–20 (Writing Practice Book)

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• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (food and drink)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 86: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

21 moon;

monthmoon

22 firefire

23 waterwater

24 treetree; wood

25 moneymetal; gold

26 earthearth

27 big, largelarge

28 small, littlesmall

29 namemouth

30 front; beforeknife; sword

Kanji (21–30)

Page 87: Japanese Step by Step

78 Kanji 21–30 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 88: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 21–30 (Writing Practice Book) 79

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Page 89: Japanese Step by Step

80 Kanji 21–30 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 21–30 (Writing Practice Book) 81

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Page 91: Japanese Step by Step

82 Kanji 21–30 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (things in the house)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 92: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

31 hundredwhite

32 thousandten

33 ten thousandone

34 round;

yenenclose

35 (counter)hand

36 whatperson

37 mountainmountain

38 now,

present timeman, human being

39 yesterdaysun, day

40 bright, lightsun, day

� The readings of , , and are neither on-reading nor kun-read-ing. We cannot even assign each kana to kanji in these readings. The entire reading for eachword should be assigned to the entire kanji compound. These are called , morebroadly , which also includes the phonetic use of kanji.

Kanji (31–40)

Page 93: Japanese Step by Step

84 Kanji 31–40 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 31–40 (Writing Practice Book) 85

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Page 95: Japanese Step by Step

86 Kanji 31–40 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 31–40 (Writing Practice Book) 87

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Page 97: Japanese Step by Step

88 Kanji 31–40 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (sports)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 98: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

41 female,

womanwoman

42 male, manrice paddy

43 heaven; skylarge

44 spirit, moodbreath, air

45 origin;

foundationlegs

46 high;

expensivehigh

47 cheap;

easeroof

48 hour;sun, day

49 divide;

minuteknife, sword

50 halften

Kanji (41–50)

Page 99: Japanese Step by Step

90 Kanji 41–50 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 100: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 41–50 (Writing Practice Book) 91

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Page 101: Japanese Step by Step

92 Kanji 41–50 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 102: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 41–50 (Writing Practice Book) 93

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Page 103: Japanese Step by Step

94 Kanji 41–50 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (fruit)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 104: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

51 top, above one

52 below, under one

53 a few small

54 child child; son

55 serve person

56 dog dog

57 east tree

58 west west

59 south ten

60 north spoon

61 car wheel

62 father father

63 mother mother

64 every mother

65 country border

� , , , and are .

Kanji (51–65)

Page 105: Japanese Step by Step

96 Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book) 97

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Page 107: Japanese Step by Step

98 Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book) 99

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Page 109: Japanese Step by Step

100 Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book)

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Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book) 101

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Page 111: Japanese Step by Step

102 Kanji 51–65 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (names of famous people)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 112: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

66 hit, target small

67 use person

68 make person

69 noon ten

70 after, behind step, stride

71 past oneself

72 see, watch see

73 leave container

74 go step, stride

75 town rice field

76 flower plant, grass

77 tea plant, grass

78 friend again

79 reach advance

80 eat eat

� is a .

Kanji (66–80)

Page 113: Japanese Step by Step

104 Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 114: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book) 105

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Page 115: Japanese Step by Step

106 Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 116: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book) 107

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Page 117: Japanese Step by Step

108 Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 119: Japanese Step by Step

110 Kanji 66–80 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (items from a menu)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 120: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

81 river river

82 comeman; human being

83 meet top

84 society deity

85 rest person

86 write, book sun, day

87talented,gifted plant, grass

88language;word say, language

89 speak say, language

90 electricity rain

91 reflection sun, day

92drawing;picture rice field

93 new axe

94 old mouth

95listen,hear gate

Kanji (81–95)

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114 Kanji 81–95 (Writing Practice Book)

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116 Kanji 81–95 (Writing Practice Book)

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118 Kanji 81–95 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana reading (musical instruments)

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition) quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size,and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 128: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

96 early evening evening

97 direction square

98 spacious roof

99 early sun, day

100 same enclose

101 exist moon

102 (counter)box

103 school tree

104 (counter) tree

105 village tree

106 buy shellfish

107 read say, language

108 morning moon

109 noon sun, day

110 evening sun, day

� is a .

Kanji (96–110)

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120 Kanji 96–110 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 133: Japanese Step by Step

124 Kanji 96–110 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 134: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 96–110 (Writing Practice Book) 125

110 109 108 107 106

Page 135: Japanese Step by Step

126 Kanji 96–110 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write the names of the people you know in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 136: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

111 mouth mouth

112 eye eye

113 neck neck

114 hand hand

115 leg leg

116 earear

117 body person

118 like woman

119 round dot

120 thick big

121 (counter)enclose

122 thing cow

123 night evening

124 drink food

125 rice, meal food

Kanji (111–125)

Page 137: Japanese Step by Step

128 Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 138: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book) 129

115 114 113 112 111

Page 139: Japanese Step by Step

130 Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 140: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book) 131

120 119 118 117 116

Page 141: Japanese Step by Step

132 Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 142: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book) 133

125 124 123 122 121

Page 143: Japanese Step by Step

134 Kanji 111–125 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Look around the room. Write down everything that you can in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 144: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

126 spring sun, day

127 summer one

128 autumn grain

129 winter strike, hit

130 warm sun, day

131 hot sun, day

132 cool water

133 cold roof

134 capital city lid

135 number rice field

136 number mouth

137 near advance

138 far advance

139 week advance

140 durationgate

Kanji (126–140)

Page 145: Japanese Step by Step

136 Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 146: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book) 137

130 129 128 127 126

Page 147: Japanese Step by Step

138 Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 148: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book) 139

135 134 133 132 131

Page 149: Japanese Step by Step

140 Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 150: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book) 141

140 139 138 137 136

Page 151: Japanese Step by Step

142 Kanji 126–140 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write down as many place names as you can in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 152: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

141 forest tree

142 woods tree

143 rain rain

144 snow rain

145 intimate see

146 cut sword

147 ocean water

148 swimming water

149 older brother legs

150 older sister woman

151youngersister

woman

152youngerbrother

bow

153 begin woman

154 end thread

155 paper thread

� and are .

Kanji (141–155)

Page 153: Japanese Step by Step

144 Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 154: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book) 145

145 144 143 142 141

Page 155: Japanese Step by Step

146 Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 156: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book) 147

150 149 148 147 146

Page 157: Japanese Step by Step

148 Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 158: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book) 149

155 154 153 152 151

Page 159: Japanese Step by Step

150 Kanji 141–155 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write as many food/drink words as you can in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 160: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

156 sky, empty roof

157 illness illness

158 pain illness

159 institution mound

160 try say, language

161 examination horse

162 graduate ten

163 work tree

164 station horse

165 wind wind

166 (phonetic /ro/) mouth

167 travel square

168 serve person

169 matter, affair hooked stroke

170 use, employ use

Kanji (156–170)

Page 161: Japanese Step by Step

152 Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 162: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book) 153

160 159 158 157 156

Page 163: Japanese Step by Step

154 Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 164: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book) 155

165 164 163 162 161

Page 165: Japanese Step by Step

156 Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 166: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book) 157

170 169 168 167 166

Page 167: Japanese Step by Step

158 Kanji 156–170 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write as many sport words as you can in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 168: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

171 say; language say, language

172 think heart

173 explain say, language

174 simple bamboo

175 unit small

176 entire person

177 as, like fire

178 city community

179 city cloth

180 publiceight

181 park border

182 wear; arrivesheep

183 hold hand

184 cold ice

185 quiet blue

Kanji (171–185)

Page 169: Japanese Step by Step

160 Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 170: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book) 161

175 174 173 172 171

Page 171: Japanese Step by Step

162 Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 172: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book) 163

180 179 178 177 176

Page 173: Japanese Step by Step

164 Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 174: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book) 165

185 184 183 182 181

Page 175: Japanese Step by Step

166 Kanji 171–185 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write as many famous people’s names as possible in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 176: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

186 abundant evening

187 sentence literature

188 cry water

189 effort power

190 strong bow

191 diagram border

192 building eat

193 section community

194 store corpse

195 store roof

196 sound sound

197 comfort tree

198 dark sun, day

199 quick advance

200 slow, late advance

� is a .

Kanji (186–200)

Page 177: Japanese Step by Step

168 Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 178: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book) 169

190 189 188 187 186

Page 179: Japanese Step by Step

170 Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 180: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book) 171

195 194 193 192 191

Page 181: Japanese Step by Step

172 Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book)

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Page 182: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book) 173

200 199 198 197 196

Page 183: Japanese Step by Step

174 Kanji 186–200 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Katakana writing

Write as many names of musical instruments as possible in katakana.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji (writing) and katakana (recognition and writing) quizzes should be given at this point. Thenumber, size, and frequency of the quizzes should depend on the needs of the students andschool.

Examples

Page 184: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

201 red red

202 white white

203 blue blue

204 black black

205 yellow yellow

206 color color

207 medicine box

208 person old person

209 Han dynasty water

210character;letter roof

211 teach; show strike, hit

212 room roof

213 end tree

214 receive hand; again

215 provide hand

Kanji (201–215)

Page 185: Japanese Step by Step

176 Kanji 201–215 (Writing Practice Book)

205 204 203 202 201

Page 186: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 201–215 (Writing Practice Book) 177

210 209 208 207 206

Page 187: Japanese Step by Step

178 Kanji 201–215 (Writing Practice Book)

215 214 213 212 211

Page 188: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 201–215 (Writing Practice Book) 179

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write as many verbs as possible in kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 189: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

216 right side mouth

217 left side work

218 harmony grain

219 ocean water

220 reside person

221 enter; put inenter

222 outside evening

223 he; that locomotion

224 home roof

225 door door

226 place door

227 know arrow

228 change person

229 laugh bamboo

230 answer bamboo

� Although not an official kun-reading. is often read as .

Kanji (216–230)

Page 190: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 216–230 (Writing Practice Book) 181

220 219 218 217 216

Page 191: Japanese Step by Step

182 Kanji 216–230 (Writing Practice Book)

225 224 223 222 221

Page 192: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 216–230 (Writing Practice Book) 183

230 229 228 227 226

Page 193: Japanese Step by Step

184 Kanji 216–230 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write as many adjectives in kanji as possible.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 194: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

231 god deity

232 temple inch

233 busy heart

234 forget heart

235 long long

236 short arrow

237 open gate

238 close gate

239 world one

240 world field

241 walk stop

242 run run

243 send advance

244 vicinity advance

245 young grass

Kanji (231–245)

Page 195: Japanese Step by Step

186 Kanji 231–245 (Writing Practice Book)

235 234 233 232 231

Page 196: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 231–245 (Writing Practice Book) 187

240 239 238 237 236

Page 197: Japanese Step by Step

188 Kanji 231–245 (Writing Practice Book)

245 244 243 242 241

Page 198: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 231–245 (Writing Practice Book) 189

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write as many nouns related to people as possible in kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 199: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

246 measure say, language

247 dream grass

248 nothing fire

249 reason gem

250 cook rice

251 excessive advance

252 play advance

253 sell knight

254 gather small bird

255 opponent eye

256 talk say, language

257 blow mouth

258 next yawn

259 investigate say, language

260 dormitory roof

Kanji (246–260)

Page 200: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 246–260 (Writing Practice Book) 191

250 249 248 247 246

Page 201: Japanese Step by Step

192 Kanji 246–260 (Writing Practice Book)

255 254 253 252 251

Page 202: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 246–260 (Writing Practice Book) 193

260 259 258 257 256

Page 203: Japanese Step by Step

194 Kanji 246–260 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write as many nouns that refer to things as possible in kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 204: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

261 stay water

262 law water

263 ancient sun, day

264 garden roof

265 vegetablegarden rice field

266 breath heart

267 full tree

268polite form of

tree

269 plum tree

270 sad heart

271 flow water

272 fresh fish

273 clan square

274 ruler mouth

275 dislike woman

� The kanji was created in Japan.� and are .

Kanji (261–275)

Page 205: Japanese Step by Step

196 Kanji 261–275 (Writing Practice Book)

265 264 263 262 261

Page 206: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 261–275 (Writing Practice Book) 197

270 269 268 267 266

Page 207: Japanese Step by Step

198 Kanji 261–275 (Writing Practice Book)

275 274 273 272 271

Page 208: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 261–275 (Writing Practice Book) 199

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write groups of kanji that have the same radical. Choose three different radicals.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 209: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

276 silver metal

277 member mouth

278 copy cover

279 truth eye

280 think old person

281 sit roof

282 bad heart

283 stop stop

284 teeth stop

285 visit say, language

286 inquire gate

287 quality cowry

288 home roof

289 topic head

290 head head

Kanji (276–290)

Page 210: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 276–290 (Writing Practice Book) 201

280 279 278 277 276

Page 211: Japanese Step by Step

202 Kanji 276–290 (Writing Practice Book)

285 284 283 282 281

Page 212: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 276–290 (Writing Practice Book) 203

290 289 288 287 286

Page 213: Japanese Step by Step

204 Kanji 276–290 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write groups of kanji that have the same radical. Choose three different radicals (ones you did notchoose previously).

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 214: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

291 advance hooked stroke

292 learn wing

293 repeat locomotion

294 stomach flesh

295 train thread

296 link advance

297 stay field

298 transport advance

299 move strength

300 work person

301 turn wheel

302 trouble border

303 guest roof

304 transmit person

305 Buddha person

� is a .� The kanji was created in Japan.� is a .

Kanji (291–305)

Page 215: Japanese Step by Step

206 Kanji 291–305 (Writing Practice Book)

295 294 293 292 291

Page 216: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 291–305 (Writing Practice Book) 207

300 299 298 297 296

Page 217: Japanese Step by Step

208 Kanji 291–305 (Writing Practice Book)

305 304 303 302 301

Page 218: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 291–305 (Writing Practice Book) 209

• Words

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write groups of kanji that have the same radical. Choose three different radicals (ones you did notchoose previously).

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 219: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

306 heavy hamlet

307 light wheel

308 oppose hand, again

309 opposite inch

310 bloom mouth

311 correct eye

312 plant tree

313 lend shell

314 borrow person

315 push hand

316 wash water

317 laundry water

318 day of the week day, sun

319 cat animal

320 draw hand

� is used to mean “to draw; to paint.” The kanji itself is a , butwhile this reading is not officially given for the character, it is nevertheless used widely.

Kanji (306–320)

Page 220: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 306–320 (Writing Practice Book) 211

310 309 308 307 306

Page 221: Japanese Step by Step

212 Kanji 306–320 (Writing Practice Book)

315 314 313 312 311

Page 222: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 306–320 (Writing Practice Book) 213

320 319 318 317 316

Page 223: Japanese Step by Step

214 Kanji 306–320 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write groups of kanji that have the same radical. Choose three different radicals (ones you did notchoose previously).

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 224: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

321 lose big

322 appreciation deity

323 raise flesh

324 record say, language

325 face face

326 return cloth

327 everyone white

328 spine flesh

329 low person

330 picture thread

331 leaf grass

332 sharpen stone

333 investigate roof

334 pass advance

335 reason say, language

� when used with ~ or ~ . is pronounced when used in isolation.

Kanji (321–335)

Page 225: Japanese Step by Step

216 Kanji 321–335 (Writing Practice Book)

325 324 323 322 321

Page 226: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 321–335 (Writing Practice Book) 217

330 329 328 327 326

Page 227: Japanese Step by Step

218 Kanji 321–335 (Writing Practice Book)

335 334 333 332 331

Page 228: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 321–335 (Writing Practice Book) 219

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Write groups of kanji that have the same radical. Choose three different radicals (ones you did notchoose previously).

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 229: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

336 return advance

337 song yawn

338 express clothing

339 appear jewel

340 fruit; truth roof

341 target white

342 request head

343 face head

344 road advance

345 service strength

346 clothes flesh

347 cord; beginning thread

348 thin thread

349 wait locomotion

350 separate sword

Kanji (336–350)

Page 230: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 336–350 (Writing Practice Book) 221

340 339 338 337 336

Page 231: Japanese Step by Step

222 Kanji 336–350 (Writing Practice Book)

345 344 343 342 341

Page 232: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 336–350 (Writing Practice Book) 223

350 349 348 347 346

Page 233: Japanese Step by Step

224 Kanji 336–350 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

From a single kanji, create as many words as possible. Do this activity with five different kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 234: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

351 stand stand

352 house roof

353 convenience person

354 gain sword

355 (negative prefix) one

356 intention heart

357 taste mouth

358 take hand, again

359 flavor run

360 awake run

361 sleep roof

362 degree roof

363 turn border

364 meat flesh

365 fish fish

Kanji (351–365)

Page 235: Japanese Step by Step

226 Kanji 351–365 (Writing Practice Book)

355 354 353 352 351

Page 236: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 351–365 (Writing Practice Book) 227

360 359 358 357 356

Page 237: Japanese Step by Step

228 Kanji 351–365 (Writing Practice Book)

365 364 363 362 361

Page 238: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 351–365 (Writing Practice Book) 229

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

From a single kanji, create as many words as possible. Do this activity with five different kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 239: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

366 fee person

367 match mouth

368 shower water

369 change lid

370 ride left stroke

371 fall mound

372 promise thread

373 continue thread

374 resign acrid

375 canon eight

376 curve say

377 voice knight

378 period of time moon

379 body body

380 ground earth

Kanji (366–380)

Page 240: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 366–380 (Writing Practice Book) 231

370 369 368 367 366

Page 241: Japanese Step by Step

232 Kanji 366–380 (Writing Practice Book)

375 374 373 372 371

Page 242: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 366–380 (Writing Practice Book) 233

380 379 378 377 376

Page 243: Japanese Step by Step

234 Kanji 366–380 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

From a single kanji, create as many words as possible. Do this activity with five different kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 244: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

381 rice rice

382 pour water

383 stay water

384 exist earth

385 invite hand

386 tie thread

387 marriage woman

388 ceremony spike

389 dance foot

390 remain death

391 celebrate show

392 protect roof

393 view see

394 light small

395 accustom heart

Kanji (381–395)

Page 245: Japanese Step by Step

236 Kanji 381–395 (Writing Practice Book)

385 384 383 382 381

Page 246: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 381–395 (Writing Practice Book) 237

390 389 388 387 386

Page 247: Japanese Step by Step

238 Kanji 381–395 (Writing Practice Book)

395 394 393 392 391

Page 248: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 381–395 (Writing Practice Book) 239

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

From a single kanji, create as many words as possible. Do this activity with five different kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 249: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

396 place earth

397 (prefix) person

398 barrier gate

399 fight spear

400 argue diagonal stroke

401 effort power

402 power power

403 welcome advance

404 retire advance

405 choose advance

406 price; value person

407 stairs club

408 government strike, hit

409 heal water

410 port water

Kanji (396–410)

Page 250: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 395–410 (Writing Practice Book) 241

400 399 398 397 396

Page 251: Japanese Step by Step

405 404 403 402 401

242 Kanji 395–410 (Writing Practice Book)

Page 252: Japanese Step by Step

410 409 408 407 406

Kanji 395–410 (Writing Practice Book) 243

Page 253: Japanese Step by Step

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

From a single kanji, create as many words as possible. Do this activity with five different kanji.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

244 Kanji 395–410 (Writing Practice Book)

Page 254: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

411 basis earth

412 line thread

413 chapter sound

414 bundle tree

415 seat roof

416 lack yawn

417 correct stop

418 constant small

419 necessity heart

420 completion roof

421 become spear

422 life; order mouth

423 command person

424 clear day, sun

425 cloud day, sun

Kanji (411–425)

Page 255: Japanese Step by Step

246 Kanji 411–425 (Writing Practice Book)

415 414 413 412 411

Page 256: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 411–425 (Writing Practice Book) 247

420 419 418 417 416

Page 257: Japanese Step by Step

248 Kanji 411–425 (Writing Practice Book)

425 424 423 422 421

Page 258: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 411–425 (Writing Practice Book) 249

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Do the following activity: select a kanji; then write another kanji that shares at least one part withthe selected kanji. Continue this activity until you no longer can produce a kanji. Repeat thisprocess.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 259: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

426 beautiful sheep

427 pass thread

428 end; result tree

429 merit work

430 comprehend horn

431 relate person

432 lively water

433 fill water

434 severe bitter

435 suffering grass

436 abandon hand

437 different advance

438 escape advance

439 companion person

440 believe person

Kanji (426–440)

Page 260: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 426–440 (Writing Practice Book) 251

430 429 428 427 426

Page 261: Japanese Step by Step

252 Kanji 426–440 (Writing Practice Book)

435 434 433 432 431

Page 262: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 426–440 (Writing Practice Book) 253

440 439 438 437 436

Page 263: Japanese Step by Step

254 Kanji 426–440 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Do the following activity: select a kanji; then write another kanji that shares at least one part withthe selected kanji. Continue this activity until you no longer can produce a kanji. Repeat thisprocess.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 264: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

441 example person

442 imagination heart

443 poem say, language

444 feeling heart

445 compassion heart

446 achievement thread

447 number strike, hit

448 printing split wood

449 superior person

450 inferior diagonal stroke

451 heart heart

452 distribute wine

453 move grain

454 limitation hill

455 office net

Kanji (441–455)

Page 265: Japanese Step by Step

256 Kanji 441–455 (Writing Practice Book)

445 444 443 442 441

Page 266: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 441–455 (Writing Practice Book) 257

450 449 448 447 446

Page 267: Japanese Step by Step

258 Kanji 441–455 (Writing Practice Book)

455 454 453 452 451

Page 268: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 441–455 (Writing Practice Book) 259

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Do the following activity: select a kanji; then write another kanji that shares at least one part withthe selected kanji. Continue this activity until you no longer can produce a kanji. Repeat thisprocess.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 269: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

456 cow cow

457 milk hook

458 main lid, top

459 manage mouth

460 box bamboo

461 need cover

462 disappear water

463 fall grass

464 give birth stand

465 return door

466 line up eight

467 break knife

468 build proceed

469 health person

470 peace roof

Kanji (456–470)

Page 270: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 456–470 (Writing Practice Book) 261

460 459 458 457 456

Page 271: Japanese Step by Step

262 Kanji 456–470 (Writing Practice Book)

465 464 463 462 461

Page 272: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 456–470 (Writing Practice Book) 263

470 469 468 467 466

Page 273: Japanese Step by Step

264 Kanji 456–470 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Do the following activity: select a kanji; then write another kanji that shares at least one part withthe selected kanji. Continue this activity until you no longer can produce a kanji. Repeat thisprocess.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 274: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

471 exist child

472 say vertical line

473 summon knife

474 difference sheep

475 summit head

476 pray hand

477 do strike, hit

478 interior diagonal stroke

479 inside enclose

480 hair hair

481 stout one

482 husband big

483 happiness shield

484 birth say, language

485 respect strike, hit

Kanji (471–485)

Page 275: Japanese Step by Step

266 Kanji 471–485 (Writing Practice Book)

475 474 473 472 471

Page 276: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 471–485 (Writing Practice Book) 267

480 479 478 477 476

Page 277: Japanese Step by Step

268 Kanji 471–485 (Writing Practice Book)

485 484 483 482 481

Page 278: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 471–485 (Writing Practice Book) 269

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 279: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Reading Meaning Example Radical

486 govern thread

487 govern head

488 cross over water

489 bridge tree

490 alcohol water

491 gender heart

492 die out thread

493 narrow dog

494 island mountain

495 die death

496 well two

497 most say

498 first sword

499 degree bamboo

500 section say, language

Kanji (486–500)

Page 280: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 486–500 (Writing Practice Book) 271

490 489 488 487 486

Page 281: Japanese Step by Step

272 Kanji 486–500 (Writing Practice Book)

495 494 493 492 491

Page 282: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji 486–500 (Writing Practice Book) 273

500 499 498 497 496

Page 283: Japanese Step by Step

274 Kanji 486–500 (Writing Practice Book)

• Words/phrases

• Sentences

• Kanji writing

Do the following activity: select a kanji; then write another kanji that shares at least one part withthe selected kanji. Continue this activity until you no longer can produce a kanji. Repeat thisprocess.

• Kanji/katakana quiz

Kanji and katakana quizzes should be given at this point. The number, size, and frequency of thequizzes should depend on the needs of the students and school.

Examples

Page 284: Japanese Step by Step

Kanji Index

All kanji are listed below according to the on-readings and kun-readings given for them in thisvolume. The number in parentheses is the kanji’s identification number. On-readings are givenin katakana, and kun-readings are given in hiragana. A kanji may be located using any of thereadings given for it in this volume. Consequently, a single kanji may be listed multiple times inthe index.

: – hit, target (66)

: – meet (83)

: – exist (101)

: – open (237)

: – match (367)

: – show (368)

: – exist (384)

: – opponent (255)

: – duration (140)

: – blue (203)

: – bright, light (40)

: – red (201)

: – autumn (128)

: – bad (282)

: – morning (108)

: – fresh (272)

: – leg (115)

: – taste (357)

: – play (252)

: – warm (130)

: – head (290)

: – new (93)

: – hot (131)

: – gather (254)

: – after, behind (70)

: – older brother (149)

: – older sister (150)

: – heaven, sky (43)

: – rain (143)

: – wash (316)

: – advance (291)

: – argument (400)

: – express (338)

: – appear (339)

: – walk (241)

: – cheap (47)

: – dark (198)

: – alive, born, student (18)

: – go (74)

: – say, language (171)

: – medicine (207)

: – intention (356)

: – (prefix) (397)

: – lively (432)

: – different (437)

: – move (453)

: – need (461)

: – well (496)

: – home (224)

: – breath (266)

: – raise (323)

: – busy (233)

: – pain (158)

: – do (477)

: – summit (475)

: – one (1)

: – five (5)

: – manage (459)

: – dog (56)

Page 285: Japanese Step by Step

: – order (422)

: – now, present time (38)

: – younger sister (151)

: – color (206)

: – celebrate (391)

: – drink (124)

: – institution (159)

: – member (277)

: – born (18)

: – rain (143)

: – receive (214)

: – sell (253)

: – plant (312)

: – birth (464)

: – top, above (51)

: – move (299)

: – cow (456)

: – lose (321)

: – song (337)

: – inside (479)

: – reflection (91)

: – copy (278)

: – move (453)

: – beautiful (426)

: – sea (147)

: – plum (269)

: – respect (485)

: – transport (298)

: – picture (330)

: – talented, gifted (87)

: – reflection (91)

: – swim (148)

: – manage (459)

: – drawing, picture (320)

: – station (164)

: – choose (405)

: – yen (34)

: – far (138)

: – park (181)

: – end (154)

: – push (315)

: – outset (347)

: – awake (360)

: – fall (371)

: – fall (463)

: –yellow (205)

: – big, large (27)

: – abundant (186)

: – push (315)

: – interior (478)

: – public (180)

: – pray (476)

: – interior (478)

: – send (243)

: – teach, show (211)

: – late (110)

: – slow, late (200)

: – husband (482)

: – sound (196)

: – inferior (450)

: – younger brother (152)

: – male, man (42)

: – dance (389)

: – same (100)

: – think (172)

: – heavy (306)

: – face (325)

: – imagination (442)

: – main (458)

: – flavor (359)

: – intimate (145)

: – swim (148)

276 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 286: Japanese Step by Step

: – sound (196)

: – female, woman (41)

: – fire (22)

: – below, under (52)

: – flower (76)

: – write, book (86)

: – buy (106)

: – summer (127)

: – home (224)

: – change (228)

: – excessive (251)

: – lend (313)

: – borrow (314)

: – draw (320)

: – song (337)

: – fee (366)

: – change (369)

: – lack (416)

: – result, end (428)

: – section (500)

: – meet (83)

: – sea (147)

: – open (237)

: – world (240)

: – everyone (327)

: – picture (330)

: – turn (363)

: – comprehend (430)

: – return (326)

: – return (336)

: – face (343)

: – relate (431)

: – limitation (454)

: – number (447)

: – wind (165)

: – direction (97)

: – lively (432)

: – break (467)

: – sad (270)

: – necessity (419)

: – money (25)

: – paper (155)

: – god (231)

: – difficult (434)

: – body (117)

: – light (307)

: – he (223)

: – river (81)

: – cold (133)

: – duration (140)

: – simple (174)

: – building (192)

: – Han dynasty (209)

: – view (393)

: – accustom (395)

: – relation (398)

: – completion (420)

: – feeling (444)

: – think (280)

: – outside (222)

: – learn (17)

: – comfort (197)

: – moon, month (21)

: – face (343)

: – tree (24)

: – spirit, mood (44)

: – come (82)

: – listen, hear (95)

: – cut (146)

: – wear, arrive (182)

: – gold (205)

: – record (324)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 277

Page 287: Japanese Step by Step

: – return (326)

: – reason (354)

: – awake (360)

: – period (378)

: – basis (411)

: – disappear (462)

: – north (60)

: – ruler (274)

: – guest (303)

: – nine(9)

: – rest ( 85)

: – cry (188)

: – search (333)

: – past (71)

: – capital city (134)

: – older brother (149)

: – strong (190)

: – teach, show (211)

: – bridge (489)

: – narrow (493)

: – curve (376)

: – dislike (275)

: – money (25)

: – near (137)

: – service (345)

: – cow (456)

: – fish (365)

: – work (163)

: – silver (276)

: – nine (9)

: – come (82)

: – suffering (435)

: – sky, empty (156)

: – mouth (111)

: – country (65)

: – distribute (452)

: – neck (113)

: – cloud (425)

: – dark (198)

: – suffering (435)

: – car (61)

: – black (204)

: – ruler (274)

: – hair (480)

: – measure (246)

: – light (307)

: – pass (427)

: – relate (431)

: – respect (485)

: – tie (386)

: – lack (416)

: – dog (56)

: – see, watch (72)

: – examination (161)

: – sharpen (332)

: – build (468)

: – health (469)

: – welcome (403)

: – moon, month (21)

: – origin, foundation (45)

: – say, language (171)

: – dislike (275)

: – appear (339)

: – limitation (454)

: – child (54)

: – come (82)

: – old (94)

: – high, expensive (46)

278 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 288: Japanese Step by Step

: – go (74)

: – spacious (98)

: – school (103)

: – mouth (111)

: – like (118)

: – public (180)

: – think (280)

: – fall (371)

: – light (394)

: – port (410)

: – merit (429)

: – heal (470)

: – happiness (483)

: – voice (377)

: – country (65)

: – black (204)

: – nine (9)

: – heart (451)

: – answer (230)

: – matter, affair (169)

: – trouble (302)

: – rice (381)

: – turn (301)

: – now, present time (38)

: – trouble (302)

: – marriage (387)

: – five (5)

: – noon (69)

: – after, behind (70)

: – language, word (88)

: – number (136)

: – match (367)

: – left side (217)

: – bloom (310)

: – difference (474)

: – difference (474)

: – (counter) (35)

: – thin (348)

: – most (497)

: – fish (365)

: – ahead, tip (19)

: – yesterday (39)

: – make (68)

: – alcohol (490)

: – provide (215)

: – (counter) (121)

: – polite (268)

: – cold (133)

: – three (3)

: – mountain (37)

: – birth (464)

: – sit (281)

: – exist (384)

: – remain (390)

: – four (4)

: – I, private (16)

: – child (54)

: – use (67)

: – older sister (150)

: – begin (153)

: – paper (155)

: – try (160)

: – serve (168)

: – think (172)

: – city (179)

: – know (227)

: – close (238)

: – stop (283)

: – teeth (284)

: – poem (443)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 279

Page 289: Japanese Step by Step

: – die (495)

: – happiness (483)

: – ceremony (388)

: – quiet (185)

: – below, under (52)

: – seven (7)

: – room (212)

: – quality (287)

: – lose (321)

: – island (494)

: – car (61)

: – society (84)

: – person (208)

: – copy (278)

: – abandon (436)

: – borrow (314)

: – neck (113)

: – hand (114)

: – take (358)

: – flavor (359)

: – protect (392)

: – main (458)

: – alcohol (490)

: – autumn (128)

: – week (139)

: – end (154)

: – gather (254)

: – learn (292)

: – home (288)

: – celebrate (391)

: – leave (73)

: – spring (126)

: – write, book (86)

: – hot (131)

: – place (226)

: – beginning (347)

: – office (455)

: – first (498)

: – alive, born, student (18)

: – small, little (28)

: – a few (53)

: – laugh (229)

: – invite (385)

: – chapter (413)

: – disappear (462)

: – summon (473)

: – eat (80)

: – color (206)

: – plant (312)

: – investigate (259)

: – retire (404)

: – white (202)

: – new (93)

: – forest (141)

: – intimate (145)

: – god (231)

: – truth (279)

: – sleep (361)

: – body (379)

: – difficult (434)

: – believe (440)

: – heart (451)

: – say (472)

: – hour (48)

: – ear (116)

: – matter, affair (169)

: – hold (183)

: – character, letter (210)

: – temple (232)

: – next (258)

: – resign (374)

: – ground (380)

: – heal (409)

: – truth (340)

: – young (245)

: – receive (214)

280 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 290: Japanese Step by Step

: – provide (215)

: – ten (10)

: – reside (220)

: – heavy (306)

: – female, woman (41)

: – top, above (51)

: – ride (370)

: – constant (418)

: – compassion (445)

: – stout (481)

: – like (118)

: – reside (220)

: – excessive (251)

: – abandon (436)

: – govern (486)

: – water (23)

: – blow (257)

: – number (447)

: – end (213)

: – superior (449)

: – a few (53)

: – health (469)

: – cool (132)

: – sit (281)

: – diagram (191)

: – head (290)

: – world (239)

: – back (328)

: – alive, born, student (18)

: – west (58)

: – quiet (185)

: – blue (203)

: – voice (377)

: – government (408)

: – correct (417)

: – become (421)

: – clear (424)

: – gender (491)

: – early evening (96)

: – red (201)

: – ancient (263)

: – seat (415)

: – achievement (446)

: – snow (144)

: – cut (146)

: – explain (173)

: – narrow (493)

: – ahead, tip (19)

: – thousand (32)

: – river (81)

: – fresh (272)

: – wash (316)

: – fight (399)

: – choose (405)

: – line (412)

: – die out (492)

: – front, before (30)

: – entire (176)

: – as, like (177)

: – oppose (308)

: – early (99)

: – run (242)

: – send (243)

: – opponent (255)

: – argument (400)

: – imagination (442)

: – leg (115)

: – quick (199)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 281

Page 291: Japanese Step by Step

: – breath (266)

: – bundle (414)

: – pour (382)

: – raise (323)

: – graduate (162)

: – outside (222)

: – park (181)

: – sky, empty (156)

: – village (105)

: – exist (471)

: – clan (273)

: – continue (373)

: – rice field (14)

: – eat (80)

: – fat (120)

: – abundant (186)

: – stand (351)

: – die out (492)

: – body (117)

: – opposite (309)

: – lend (313)

: – wait (349)

: – stay (383)

: – retire (404)

: – high, expensive (46)

: – laundry (317)

: – house (352)

: – stout (481)

: – visit (285)

: – fight (399)

: – correct (417)

: – reach (79)

: – build (468)

: – example (441)

: – comfort (197)

: – bundle (414)

: – travel (167)

: – degree (362)

: – request (342)

: – try (160)

: – unit (175)

: – short (236)

: – birth (484)

: – leave (73)

: – big, large (27)

: – younger brother (152)

: – topic (289)

: – fee (366)

: – degree (499)

: – male, man (42)

: – warm (130)

: – talk (256)

: – stairs (407)

: – slow, late (200)

: – know (227)

: – ground (380)

: – do (477)

: – small, little (28)

: – near (137)

: – power (402)

: – different (437)

: – father (62)

: – milk (457)

: – tea (77)

: – wear, arrive (182)

: – middle, inside (15)

: – noon (109)

: – pour (382)

: – town ( 75)

: – morning (108)

282 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 292: Japanese Step by Step

: – long (235)

: – investigate (259)

: – summit (475)

: – correct (311)

: – arrive (182)

: – link (296)

: – pain (158)

: – pass (334)

: – use (67)

: – serve (168)

: – moon, month (21)

: – next (258)

: – transmit (304)

: – continue (373)

: – make (68)

: – earth (26)

: – effort (189)

: – service (345)

: – effort (401)

: – constant (418)

: – cold (184)

: – strong (190)

: – hand (114)

: – garden (264)

: – low (329)

: – target (341)

: – temple (232)

: – heaven, sky (43)

: – store (195)

: – turn (301)

: – canon (375)

: – leave (73)

: – electricity (90)

: – transmit (304)

: – explain (173)

: – city (178)

: – diagram (191)

: – door (225)

: – stay (261)

: – stop (283)

: – inquire (286)

: – stay (297)

: – take (358)

: – cross over (488)

: – east (57)

: – hit, target (66)

: – winter (129)

: – answer (230)

: – escape (438)

: – govern (486)

: – island (494)

: – ten (10)

: – far (138)

: – pass (334)

: – hour (48)

: – place (226)

: – year (20)

: – stay (383)

: – serve (55)

: – friend (78)

: – earth (26)

: – degree (362)

: – effort (401)

: – same (100)

: – move (299)

: – work (300)

: – road (344)

: – read (107)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 283

Page 293: Japanese Step by Step

: – cloud (425)

: – name (29)

: – cry (188)

: – nothing (248)

: – accustom (395)

: – become (421)

: – inside (479)

: – correct (311)

: – heal (409)

: – middle, inside (15)

: – stomach (294)

: – long (235)

: – flow (271)

: – compassion (445)

: – summer (127)

: – seven (7)

: – what (36)

: – learn (292)

: – line up (466)

: – what (36)

: – male, man (42)

: – south (59)

: – two (2)

: – escape (438)

: – meat (364)

: – west (58)

: – the sun, day (11)

: – enter (221)

: – milk (457)

: – garden (264)

: – person (13)

: – train (295)

: – sleep (361)

: – price (406)

: – cat (319)

: – year (20)

: – drink (124)

: – ride (370)

: – remain (390)

: – teeth (284)

: – leaf (331)

: – clear (424)

: – result, end (428)

: – enter (221)

: – full (267)

: – back (328)

: – distribute (452)

: – pray (476)

: – measure (246)

: – white (202)

: – stay (261)

: – transport (298)

: – box (460)

: – run (242)

: – bridge (489)

: – begin (153)

: – first (498)

: – vegetable garden (265)

: – work (300)

: – eight (8)

: – flower (76)

: – speak (89)

: – mother (63)

: – early (99)

: – quick (199)

: – woods (142)

: – spring (126)

: – half (50)

284 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 294: Japanese Step by Step

: – rice, meal (125)

: – oppose (308)

: – printing (448)

: – change (228)

: – place (396)

: – buy (106)

: – sell (253)

: – plum (269)

: – evening (110)

: – number (135)

: – the sun, day (11)

: – fire (22)

: – sad (270)

: – light (394)

: – east (57)

: – (counter) (102)

: – low (329)

: – left side (217)

: – necessity (419)

: – one (1)

: – person (13)

: – noon (109)

: – spacious (98)

: – hundred (31)

: – express (338)

: – beautiful (426)

: – illness (157)

: – draw (320)

: – father (62)

: – blow (257)

: – (negative prefix) (355)

: – husband (482)

: – wind (165)

: – repeat (293)

: – stomach (294)

: – clothes (346)

: – two (2)

: – thick (120)

: – sentence (187)

: – winter (129)

: – old (94)

: – divide, minute (49)

: – section (193)

: – thing (122)

: – Buddha (305)

: – listen, hear (95)

: – sentence (187)

: – pass (427)

: – close (238)

: – line up (466)

: – vicinity (244)

: – return (336)

: – change (369)

: – rice (381)

: – separate (350)

: – effort (189)

: – convenience (353)

: – walk (241)

: – direction (97)

: – law (262)

: – visit (285)

: – north (60)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 285

Page 295: Japanese Step by Step

: – thin (348)

: – Buddha (305)

: – origin, book, root (12)

: – mother (63)

: – busy (233)

: – forget (234)

: – duration (140)

: – truth (279)

: – wait (349)

: – curve (376)

: – every (64)

: – (counter) (104)

: - younger sister (151)

: – front, before (30)

: – town (75)

: – end (213)

: – entire (176)

: – target (341)

: – learn (17)

: – invite (385)

: – protect (392)

: – round (119)

: – turn (363)

: – ten thousand (33)

: – fill (433)

: – three (3)

: – see, watch (72)

: – truth (340)

: – taste (357)

: – body (379)

: – view (393)

: – fill (433)

: – right side (216)

: – short (236)

: – water (23)

: – store (195)

: – road (344)

: – everyone (327)

: – port (410)

: – south (59)

: – ear (116)

: – bright, light (40)

: – six (6)

: – dream (247)

: – nothing (248)

: – welcome (403)

: – ancient (263)

: – tie (386)

: – village (105)

: – eye (112)

: – summon (473)

: – name (29)

: – bright, light (40)

: – order (422)

: – rice, meal (125)

: – face (325)

: – hold (183)

: – say (472)

: – hair (480)

: – eye (112)

: – tree (24)

: – use, employ (170)

: – most (497)

: – origin, book, root (12)

: – origin, foundation (45)

: – basis (411)

286 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)

Page 296: Japanese Step by Step

: – return (465)

: – thing (122)

: – person (208)

: – forest (141)

: – inquire (286)

: – eight (8)

: – night (123)

: – store (194)

: – resign (374)

: – reason (335)

: – promise (372)

: – cheap (47)

: – rest (85)

: – home (288)

: – mountain (37)

: – harmony (218)

: – friend (78)

: – exist (101)

: – right side (216)

: – play (253)

: – early evening (96)

: – superior (449)

: – snow (144)

: – dream (247)

: – four (4)

: – read (107)

: – world (239)

: – advance (291)

: – use, employ (170)

: – ocean (219)

: – day (week) (318)

: – leaf (331)

: – dance (389)

: – need (461)

: – show (368)

: – night (123)

: – come (82)

: – request (342)

: – fall (463)

: – reason (249)

: – reason (354)

: – stand (351)

: – flow (271)

: – stay (297)

: – travel (167)

: – cool (132)

: – cook (250)

: – dormitory (260)

: – companion (439)

: – govern (487)

: – power (402)

: – woods (142)

: – cold (184)

: – appreciation (322)

: – command (423)

: – example (441)

: – inferior (450)

: – train (295)

: – link (296)

: – phonetic /ro/ (166)

: – six (6)

: – divide, minute (49)

Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book) 287

Page 297: Japanese Step by Step

: – speak (89)

: – harmony (218)

: – comprehend (430)

: – break (467)

: – young (245)

: – separate (350)

: – reason (335)

: – work (163)

: – forget (234)

: – cross over (488)

: – I, private (16)

: – laugh (229)

: – bad (282)

288 Kanji Index (Writing Practice Book)