Japanese activity in Argo project

Nobie Shikama

(JAMSTEC)

Argo network , as of January 2005

Logistics

JFY

JAMS-TEC

JMA JCG JFA NIPR 2 univ.

1 high

School

1999 1

2000 2

2001 6 2 1+1

2002 3 3 1+1 2

2003 4 3 1+1 1 1 2

2004 5 4 1 1 1 2 1 2

repeated

sections

137E,

165E

144E Antarctic

Experiment

Number of Cruise used for float deployment and recovery

JCG = Japan Coast Guard, JFA = Japan Fisheries Agency,

NIPR = National Institute of Polar Research

Whale Institute

JFY2004 (N. Pacific & Equatorial)

Misaki Fishery High School students deployed 10 floats

JFY2004 (S. Pacific)

JFY2004 (Indian & Southern Ocean)

Launch plan in FY2005 first half

Deployment manual to reduce infantile mortality

Deployment manual (continued)

Deployment log sheet

Transportation and how to deploy

Launching floats with cardboard box → up to 15 knots

Recovery of Floats and Sensor Recalibration

• sensor drift check (particularly, C sensor)

• solution to hardware problems

• reuse of floats

Purpose

Dependence of salinity drift on the operation period

• negative ΔS increases nearly in proportion to the operation period

rate = –0.004 year-1 → ΔS = –0.016 at 4 years

• reducing the surfacing time of floats likely improves S accuracy

Growth of JAMSTEC float deployment

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

J -M

A- J J -S O-D

J -M

A- J J -S O-D

J -M

A- J J -S O-D

J -M

A- J J -S O-D

J -M

A- J J -S O-D

J

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Num

ber

of F

loat

s

Active

Recovered

Dead

As of 2005/ 02/ 02

Survival Rate(APEX)

Survival Rate(PROVOR)

Survival rate (APEX)

020406080

100

6 12 18 24

Months elapsed after deployment

% (204) (144) (112) (35)(Total Number of Floats)

As of 2005/ 1/ 13

Survival rate (PROVOR)

0

20

40

60

80

100

6 12 18 24

Months elapsed after deployment

% (68) (68) (68)(Total Number of Floats)

(67)

As of 2005/ 1/ 13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 10～ 11 20～ 21 30～ 31 40～ 41 50～ 51 60～ 61 70～ 71 80～ 81 90～ 91 100～

Profile numbers completed by PROVOR

Num

ber

of

floats

Profiles completed by 70 PROVORs in lifetime

Blue: recovered

Unknown17%

Grounding6%

Druck P-sensor failure56%

Energy flu21%

Cause of malfunction for 52 dead APEXs

Energy flu for APEXs with APF7 board

Energy flu in APEXs with APF8

4 % of APEXs with APF8 indicate energy flu symptom probably due to occurrence of a few defective cells in battery packs.

Deployed Failure %

Before recall 50 26 52

1st recall 28 2 7 1st recall+2nd recall 123 1 0.8

* 1st recall took measures against welding failure, 2nd against electrostatic discharge problem.

Druck pressure sensor problem

New float under development in JAMSTEC

APEX

NINJA

PROVOR

JAMSTEC’sNew float

１．５ｍ

モータソレノイドブレーキ

プランジャー

モータ

オイル-ブラダ

ＮＩＮＪＡ

ＡＰＥＸ

オイル-ブラダ

オイルケース

ＰＲＯＶＯＲ

Pump typeCylinder type

Difficulty in Valve control

Difficulty in downsizing

Pump

Cylinder

Valve

Gear pump used in the new float

Exterior Interior

Exit

Entrance

Exterior of float, motor & pump

Motor & Gear pump

Gear pump & high viscosity oil

Shorter and lighterNon-ballastingLarge buoyancyAccurate buoyancy control

Characteristics of new float

Gear Pump

MotorOil case

Oil BladderValve

ControllerBattery

Sensor

Antenna

POPS (Polar Ocean Profiling System)Takashi Kikuchi (JAMSTEC)Danielle Langevin (MetOcean)

Ice Platform + Argo float (PROVOR)

o Meteorological sensors are in the platform. o Inductive modem system is used as data communication system between the platform and subsurface CTD profiler. o Iridium satellite communication system is used. o Depth range: from 10m up to 1000m depth T,S,D data at 286 levels can be obtained via satellite. 10~400m depth: 2m interval, 400~700m depth: 5m interval 700~1000m depth: 10m interval.

Subsurface CTD Profiler(PROVOR)

Ice Platform

POPS & J-CAD

Halifax Harbor Test (12/29~01/09)

J-CADPOPS

@ Halifax Harbor

J-CAD

POPS

Test & Deployment plan in 2005

April 20~28 POPS test @ North Pole (Arctic Ocean) Test in the real Arctic Ocean (cold condition, full depth (~1000m)) in collaboration with NPEO(North Pole Environmental Observatory) Project (http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/index.html) North Pole Ice Camp (NPEO 2002)

If everything goes well, …

August 13 ~ October 17 First POPS deployment @ Polarstern Arctic Cruise (ARKXXI) Hopefully, the buoys will be recovered near the North Pole at NPEO 2007…

dQCed profile numbers for Pacific and Indian Ocean floats

APEX probably caught by a fishing boat March 2004

Above case happened in March 2004. Gathering information, we gave up recovery operation because of termination of transmission and social disorder at the site. Similar case happened in November 2004, and we are now making contact with Philippine Foreign Ministry.