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Pemicu 5
Darah yang takkunjung datang
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LO 1 SistemGolongan Darah
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GOLONGAN DARAH
A,B, AB, O
Rhesus + / - Golongan darah jarang
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H! ABO-BLOOD GRO"# S$S!%
&'(NROB!)
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R!A*S( AGL"(NAS( DARAH
NEG : TIDAK TERJADI AGLUTINASI
POS : TERJADI AGLUTINASI
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Sistem golongan darah eritrosit utama ada manusia
ahunditemuan1901
1926
1926
19401945
1946
1946
1950
1951
1955
1956
1962
1965
1967
1974
Sistem
ABO
MNSs
P
RhLuth!"# $Lu%
K&&
L'(s $L%
Du))* $+*%
K(,, $J-%D(./ $D(%
"!t'!(.ht $t%
.
D/3!/- $D/%
/&t/# $/%
S("##" $S%
Antigen utamaada eritrosit
AB
MNSs
P18
DELu"Lu
K-K8"K8K8Js"Js
L"L
+*"+*
J-
"
J-
D("D(
t"t
."
D/"D/
/"/
S1S2
Antiodi timulse.ara alamiah
S&"&u
T"-
K","#. -","#.
T"-T"-
T"-
K","#. -","#.
T"-
T"-
T"-
T"-
T"-
T"-
T"-
T"-
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Golongan darah ABO
+#/t(8
O
A1
A2
B
A1B
A2B
G#/t(8
OO
A1A1
A1O
A1A2
A2A2A2O
BB
BO
A1B
A#t(.#
!(t!/s(t
A ; A1
A ;
B ; $%
A ; A1; B
A ; B ; $%
A#t(/,(
s!u3
A#t(
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#!NGGOLONGAN S(S!% RH!S"S
?ADA 6 JENIS : D E , ?RESUS D : Rh ; -"!#" 8u#*" "#t(.# *"#. -u"t
?RESUS NON D : Rh 5@ Rh ; 15@ Rh
- ell grouing> ada/tidan;a antigen A atau B
ada ermuaan eritrosit
- Serum grouing &a. t;ing)> ada/tidan;aantiodi A, B, AB dalam serum/lasma
#!%!R(*SAAN GOLONGAN DARAH RH!S"S>
- han;a antigen-D atau Du ;ang dierisa ada eritrosit
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S-!(#(#. D/#/!
U#tu- s-!(#(#. ,/#/! ,"!"h *"#. "3"#: P3!(-s""# h"!us ,(&"-u-"# s"!" (#,((,u"&
$t("8 individual bag"t"u s"tu u#(t 8&"s3"% ,"#
t(,"- /&h ,(&"-u-"# s"!"pooled 8&"s3"
J#(s 83!(-s""# *"#. ,(.u#"-"# ssu"(
,#."# st"#,"!, O ,"&"3 h"& (#( 3&(8ut(
83!(-s""# "t"s s()(&(s h8"t(t(s B h8"t(t(s
,"# I
Mt/, ts ,"8"t 3#..u#"-"# Rapid test
Automated test 3"u8u# ELISA h"#*" (&"
s#s(t((t"s#*" 99@
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B&//, /&&t(/# P!/ss
Ph&/t/3* "#, /&&t(/# /) &//,
8!/, /#&* () th ,/#/! "88"!s
su(t"& ")t! 8!,/#"t(/# s!#(#.
B&//, (s /&&t, )!/3 th ,/#/! (#"/!,"# '(th st"&(sh, st"#,"!,s
B&//, 3"* /&&t, (th! 3"#u"&&*
/! us(#. "ut/3"t, /&&t(/# ,(s
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h/& B&//, $M"#u"&% /&&t(/# Th 8h&/t/3* s(t (s s'", '(th " ,(s(#)t"#t Us(#. " &"!.
- reasi 0eris
- reasi alergi
- reasi hemoliti
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R!A*S( =!BR(S
N;eri ealamenggigil dan
gemetar tia tia suhu meningat
Reasi jarang erat
Bereson terhada engoatan
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R!A*S( AL!RG(
Reasi alergi erat &ana0ilasis)>
jarang
"rtiaria ulit, ronosasme
moderat,
edema larings> reson .eat
terhada engoatan
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R!A*S( H!%OL((*
R!A*S( $ANG #AL(NG B!RA
Dia4ali oleh reasi>
- antiodi dalam serum asien EF antigen
.orresonding ada eritrosit donor- antiodi dalam lasma donor EF antigen
.orresonding ada eritrosit asien
Reasi hemoliti> - intraasular - estraasular
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R!A*S( H!%OL((*
R!A*S( (NRA
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R!A*S( H!%OL((*
R!A*S( !*SRA
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R!A*S( RANS="S(
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R!A*S( RANS="S(
DARAH Bila dilasanaan emerisaan
laoratorium ra- trans0usi darah,ma;oritas trans0usi darah tidamemerian e0e saming e ada asien
Namun, adang adang timul reasi adaasien, 4alauun emerisaanlaoratorium ra-trans0usi darah telahdilasanaan dan hasiln;a @O%#A(BL!& .o.o antara darah resiien dan donor)
Reasi> reasi R(NGAN &suhu meningat,sait eala) s/d B!RA &reasi
hemolisis), ahan daat meninggal
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#!%B!R(AN RANS="S( DARAH
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#!%B!R(AN RANS="S( DARAH
ada #AS(!N
Nilai ulang> - .he. list elasanaan trans0usi darah
- golongan darah asien donor &tan;aan/eneng)
- identitas asien teat - identitas donor dan gol drh donor
lael merah muda, utih, iru muda,
uning
- a4asi selama dan setelah trans0usi
&tanggung ja4a doter)
- a4asi reasi trans0usi darah
P!/,u-
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P!/,u-
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T!/3/s(t
A#t((8"t 8&t /u#t50 109C& ")t! 2&//, /& !8&"3#t
T"!.t 8&t /u#t100 109C& )/!
3u&t(8&CNS t!"u3" 50 (# /th!
s(tu"t(/#s h(& '! /# th sut /) 8&"t&ts (#
/th! s(tu"t(/#s : st"& 8"t(#t (# th
"s# /) &,(#. " /u#t /) 10
,/s#Qt '"!!"#t t!"#s)us(/# ut () */uQ!th(#-(#. /) ,/(#. "#* -(#, /) (#"s(
8!/,u! */uQ, '"#t th /u#t 50
E"h ,/s /) 8&"t&ts sh/u&, !"(s */u!
/u#t * "/ut 20
I#,(-"s( T!/3/s(t
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I#,(-"s( T!/3/s(t
T!/3/s(t ,(!(-"# u#tu- 3#."t"s( 8!,"!"h"#8"," 8"s(# ,#."# t!/3/s(t/8#(" (&" h(tu#.
t!/3/s(t 50000CuL (&" t!,"8"t 8!,"!"h"#
3(-!/"s-u&"! ,()us "t"s#*" 3#",( 100000CuL
P"," -"sus D+ ,"# DI su8"*" 3!uu- 8","8#"t"&"-s"#""# 3"s(#.
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RANS="S( RO%BOS(
T!/3/s(t ,(s(38"# ,"&"3 -/#,(s( ,(./*"#.t!us $R(8!/"& ".(t"t/!% 8"," suhu -"3"!
$20 &(us%
"!us s.!" ,(!(-"# $t(,"- /&h ,(s(38"#,( -u&-"sC ,( !u"#."#%
K8"t"# 8"t
Gu#"-"# (#)us st -husus $"#."#
3#..u#-"# st t!"#s)us( ,"!"h 3!"h% P&"t&t A,3(#(st!"t(/# St TERU+USSION
$T!u3/%
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*!B""HAN RO%BOS(
T!/3/s(t:
< ,/s(s u3u3#*": 1 u#(t 8! 10 -. BB
$5
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orre.ted latelet in.rement &()
? #2
) BSA n-1
#1 latelet .ount e0ore trans0usion &12I/l)
#2 latelet .ount 1 hour a0ter trans0usion &12I/l)
BSA re.iientJs od; sur0a.e area, mN numer o0 units o0 latelet .on.entrates trans0used,
ea.h E 2,99 1211
A .orre.ted latelet in.rement 1 hour a0teradministration that is
Higher than K,9 12I/l indi.ates a su..ess0ul
trans0usion o0 latelets
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++P
E"h ". /) ++P (s "/ut 2003&