JAMMU UNIVERSITY SEISMIC NETWORK (Jammu & Kashmir, India)

Presenter: Dr. Yudhbir SinghDepartment of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu

(India)

Metadata Workshop Managing Waveform Data and Related Metadata for Seismic Networks

Bangkok, ThailandJanuary 8-13, 2012

Acknowledgements:The Head Department of Geology, University of Jammu Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India

The state of Jammu & Kashmir is the western most extension of the Himalayan mountain range in India

It comprises of the Siwalik, Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Karakoram and Ladakh mountain ranges

These mountain ranges are traversed by number of structural features such as Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Main Central Thrust (MCT), Indo-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir making it very vulnerable to earthquakes

Routine small tremors, moderate to large earthquakes have hit nearly all parts of the state from time to time

INTRODUCTION

Seismic Zonation Map

DATE PLACE MAGNITUDE UTC TIME GENERALIZED COORDINATES

6 June 1828  Srinagar 6.0 NA 34.08N, 74.833E

30 May 1885 NW of Srinagar 7.0 NA 34.60N, 74.38E

17 May 1917  Ladakh 6.0 21:45:50 34.20N, 77.50E

11 Nov. 1921  Ladakh 6.0 01:18:45 34.20N, 77.50E

15 Nov. 1937 Northern Ladakh (Indo-China Border )

6.0 21:37:22 35.10N, 78.10E 

22 June 1945  Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.-J&K Border)

6.0 18:00:51 32.599N, 75.90E

10 July 1947 Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.-J&K Border)

6.0 10:19:20 32.599N, 75.90E

12 Aug. 1950  Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.-J&K Border)

6.0 03:59:06 32.599N, 75.90E

12 Aug. 1950  Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.) 6.0 06:16:12 36.20N, 73.00E

12 Sep. 1951  Chamba-Udhampur Districts (H.P.-J&K Border )

6.0 20:41:48 33.30N, 76.50E 

17 June 1962  Udhampur District (Jammu & Kashmir)

6.0 04:39:26.6

33.30N, 76.20E 

Significant Earthquakes in Jammu & Kashmir

DATE PLACE MAGNITUDE UTC TIME GENERALIZED COORDINATES

22 June 1965 Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir)

6.1 05:49:18.90

36.30N, 77.70E 

28 Dec. 1974  NE of Malakhand, NWFP, (Indo-Pakistan Border)

6.2 12:11:43.70

35.054N, 72.870E

28 April 1975 Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border )

6.3 11:06:43.50

35.819N, 79.915E

12 Sep.1981  Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.) 6.1 07:15:54.17

35.693N, 73.594E

6 July 1986  Xizang (Indo-China Border) 6.1 19:24:22.99

34.424N, 80.161E

5 March 1990 

Gilgit Wazarat 6.0 20:47:00.76

36.907N, 73.021E

25 March 1990 

Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.) 6.3 14:17:18.82

37.034N, 72.942E

19 Nov.1996  Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border)

6.9 10:44:46.06

35.345N, 78.133E

28 Jan.2002  Kithar, Jammu & Kashmir 5.3 22:33:42 33.100 N, 75.987 E

1 Nov. 2002  Astore Valley, P.O.K. 5.3 22:09:28 35.361 N, 74.718 E

3 Nov. 2002  Astore Valley, P.O.K 5.3 07:33:35 35.359 N, 74.636 E

20 Nov. 2002  Astore Valley, P.O.K 6.3 21:32:27 35.345 N, 74.592 E

8 Oct. 2005  **

Kashmir-Kohistan, Pakistan-India Border

7.6 03:50:40  34.432 N, 73.537 E

23 Oct. 2005  Kashmir-Kohistan 5.3 04:16:48 34.884 N, 73.024 E

**Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Jammu & Kashmir

Forecast for future earthquakes in the seismic Gaps of Himalaya (after Roger Bilham et al.)

Jammu University Seismic Network Consists of 4 Seismic Observatories

–The present network of 4 stations is first of its kind in the state of Jammu and Kashmir

– The seismic network in the region has been put in place in 2009 and since then continuous seismic data is being generated

–After 2005 earthquake Ministry of Earth Science Govt. of India sanctioned four seismic observatories to University of Jammu to put more focus on the seismic activities in the state

S. No Name of the Seismic Stations Station Code Latitude Longitude

1 Jammu University JAMU 32°43.139′ N 74°52.052′ E

2 Poonch PUCH 33°46.233′ N 74°06.415′ E

3 Dooru DORU 33°34.079′ N 75°14.005′ E

4 Bani BANI 32°41.050′ N 75°48.282′ E

SEISMIC STATIONS

Solar panels

Fixed GPS

Digitizer, Solar charge controller and Battery

EQUIPMENTS AT STATIONSSeismometer

Portable DigitizerSolar charge controller

Battery

SEISMOMETER:Broadband Seismometer (Trillium 240)---- Nanometrics Make

DIGITIZER :Taurus --- Nanometrics MakeGPS Receiver: 8 channels Sensor Inputs

INSTRUMENTS

Data Storage:

Removable media: Compact FlashData Extraction: miniSEED

Analog Processor (TAP)3 channels 24-bit data channels

DATA ACQUISITION AND OTHER FACTS

Jammu University station is located in the University Campus and data is being downloaded on daily basis

Other 3 seismic stations are remote stations (i.e. 240 km from the University Campus station)

The three remote stations are powered by solar power

The data from the remote stations is manually downloaded at regular intervals

The instrument functionality of the off-site stations is checked regularly by the persons employed for the purpose

The retrieved data is being sent to Seismology Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on regular basis

Instrument Spectral Response of Jammu, Poonch, Bani and Doru observatory

Instrument Spectral Response of Instrument at Doru and Bani observatory

FUTURE ACTIVITIES

Augmentation of existing seismological network with more observatories with VSAT communication facilities for monitoring earthquake activity in and around J&K

THANKS

Photographs of 2005 Kashmir Earthquake