james monroe’s presidency
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James Monroe’s Presidency. JAMES MONROE. 1817 TO 1825. UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL Born in Virginia in 1758 Attended the College of William and Mary Fought with Continental Army Practiced law in Virginia Elected United States Senator Helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
• Born in Virginia in 1758 • Attended the College of William
and Mary • Fought with Continental Army• Practiced law in Virginia• Elected United States Senator• Helped negotiate the Louisiana
Purchase • Elected President in 1816 and
served from 1817 to 1825• Era of Good FeelingsPresident James Monroe
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Cultural Nationalism h Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American
society from books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism
Economic Nationalismh Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a
political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy--------AMERICAN SYSTEM
Political Nationalismh Movement to bring about the support for national
government over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.
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McCulluch v. Marylandh Maryland attempted to place a tax on the Federal Bank;
Supreme Court ruled that States could not interfere with Federal Institutions.
Dartmouth College v. Woodwardh Between Dartmouth College and New Hampshire.
Court ruled that the charter of the college was a private contract, and that NH could not change it.
Gibbons v. Ogdenh NY tried to give a monopoly to a company for carrying
passengers on the Hudson. Since the ferries stopped in NJ as well, this fell under interstate commerce so only the Federal Government could regulate it.
Supreme Court Cases
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Summary: h In a Federal System, power is not created; it is
transferred. These three court cases transferred power from the States, and put them under Federal Control.
Result?
Federal government became stronger while State governments lost their power.
Supreme Court Cases
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• A series of treaties were signed in order to ensure the expansion of the United States:
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Rush-Bagot AgreementTreaty with Great Britain
• Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years• Set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th
parallel– US agreed to cede land above 49th parallel– GB agreed to cede land below 49th parallel
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Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1818 with Great Britain
49th Parallel
Agreed to joint occupation
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• Florida Becomes Part of US– After War of 1812, Spain had
difficulty governing Florida– Seminole Indians, runaway slaves,
and white outlaws would conduct raids and then retreat to safety across the Florida border
• President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders –Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole
villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs–Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish
governor
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• Adams-Onis Treaty (1818)–Spain:
• Turned over western Florida along with all to the east
• Gave up claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S.
–US agreed• to pay $5 million to Spain • to give up any territorial claims to Texas
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Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 with Spain
49th Parallel
Texas
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Rush-Bagot 1818
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• New Latin American countries
were formed from
successful revolutions.
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• Monroe felt that he had to respond to the threat that
European countries might try to win back their former Latin American colonies.
• Thus, Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears
his name, Monroe Doctrine.
monroe doctrine
• Monroe told Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll stay out of your squabbles.
• The doctrine also claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere, if it felt its security was threatened
• This was a policy of mutual noninterference
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Western Hemisphere or the Americas.
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• No European country tried to intercede in the Americas following the Monroe Doctrine, so it appeared to work.
• In reality, no one was afraid of the American military; Spain, France and others stayed out of the Western Hemisphere because the powerful British navy made sure they did.
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• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.• Past problems with Europe led
the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe
US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere
No European Colonization in the Americas
US will stay out of European
affairs
Monroe Doctrine
US recognized existing
European Colonies
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Spirit of Nationalism in USpatriotism or national onenessCountry is united, confident, and growing1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican partyRespect from EuropeMonroe first president to visit all states.Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good
Feelings” had began.But, time period was not free of problems.
american system
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Not so good in the era of good feelings?
There was an economic depression
The country was dividing into three parts
Issue of slavery threatened the nation
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The Panic of 1819 Largely the fault of the Second
Bank of the United States,’ it did not give out as much loans as before (tightened credit in an effort to control inflation)
h Many state banks closedh There were large increases in unemployment,
bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Depression was most severe in the West
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EconomyLeader____________Role ofGovernment
NORTHEAST• Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster
_______________• Wanted Tariffs• Backed internal
improvementsEnd to cheap public
land• Increasingly
nationalistic• Against Slavery
and believed the U.S. Govt. must
abolish it.
SOUTH• Cotton-growing
John C. Calhoun
_______________• Opposed tariffs
and government spending on American
System• Increasingly
supportive of states’ rights
• Pro-slavery and opposed any
steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and
abolish it.
WEST• Frontier agricultureHenry Clay
______________• Supported internal
improvements and American System.
• Wanted cheap land• Loyal to the U.S.
Govt.• Against slavery but
some supported letting the people decide the slavery
issue
U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.
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EconomyLeader
__________Role of
Government
NORTHEAST• Business and Manufacturin
gDaniel
Webster____________
• Wanted Tariffs• Backed
internal improvements
• Wanted end to cheap public
land• Increasingly
nationalistic• Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt.
must abolish it.
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EconomyLeader
__________Role of
Government
SOUTH• Cotton growing
• John C. Calhoun
____________• Opposed tariffs
and government spending on American
System• Increasingly
supportive of states’ rights
• Pro-slavery and opposed
any steps of the U.S. Govt. to
try and abolish it.
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WEST• Frontier agriculture
• Henry Clay_____________• Supported
internal improvements
• Wanted cheap land
• Loyal to the U.S. Govt.• Against slavery but
some supported letting the
people decide the slavery
issue
EconomyLeader
__________Role of
Government
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The new period of expansion also resulted in a national debate over slavery
• In 1820, the Union consisted of 22 states
• 11 allowed slavery, 11 prohibited it
• When Missouri applied for statehood, it threatened the balance of power between the slave & non-slave states
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After months of heated debate in Congress,
Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills that
represented a compromise
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The Missouri Compromise was created to appease both sides
• (1) Admit Missouri as a slave state
• (2) Carve off a piece of Massachusetts, called it Maine, & admitted Maine as a free state
• (3) Establish the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point in which slavery would then be allowed in the western territories of the US
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The compromise was the first in a series of measures forestalling the Civil War. It also split the powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending its 20-year control of national politics