jainism 101 - jain society of metropolitan chicago | jsmc · original by sudhir m. shah. nmae airh
TRANSCRIPT
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JAINISM 101A Scientific Approach
!!Jai Jinedra !! (Greetings)
Hemendra Mehta
Original by Sudhir M. Shah
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nmae Airh<ta[<. namo arihant˜õaÕ.nmae isÏa[<. namo siddh˜õaÕ.nmae Aayirya[<. namo ˜yariy˜õaÕ.nmae %vJHaya[<. namo uvajjh˜y˜õaÕ.nmae lae@ sVv£ sahU[<. namo loae savva s˜huõaÕ.
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1.Hinduism is an ancient religion
2. Jainism is an off-shoot of Hinduism
3.Mahavir and Buddha started their religions as a protest to Vedic practices
Two Beliefs1. Taught in Indian Schools
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Two Beliefs2. Jain Belief
1. Jainism is millions of year old
2. Jain religion has cycles of 24 Tirthankaras
1st Rishabhdev
24th Mahavirswami
3. Rishabhdev established agriculture, family system, moral standards, law, & religion
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RIKHAVDEV PERIOD
INDUS VALLEY PERIOD
ARYANS ARRIVE MAHAVIR /BUDDHA
6500 BCE
8,500 Yrs. ago
2500 BCE
4500 Yrs. ago1500 BCE
3500 Yrs. ago
CHRIST
1000 BCE
3000 Yrs. ago
500 BCE
2500 Yrs. ago
000
2000 Yrs. ago
500 CE
1500 Yrs. ago
Time Chart
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Jain Religion
Basic Information:
• 10 million followers
• Two major branches
Digambar
Shwetamber
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What is Religion?
According to Mahavir swami“The true nature of a substance is a religion”
Religion reveals
• the true nature of our soul, and
• the inherent qualities of our soul
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Inherent Qualities of our Soul
Infinite KnowledgeInfinite PerceptionInfinite EnergyInfinite Bliss
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What is Jainism?A Philosophy of Living
– Jains: Follow JINA, the conqueror of Inner Enemies
– Inner Enemies (Kashays):• Anger (Krodh)• Greed (lobh) • Ego (maan) • Deceit (maya)
– Causes: Attachment (Raag) and Aversion (Dwesh)
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THE ULTIMATE GOAL
Free our soul from its bondage of Karmathrough
Samyak Darshan (Rational Perception)Samyak Gnan (Rational Knowledge)Samyak Charitra (Rational Conduct)
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Unique Teachings of Jainism
Ahimsa (Non-Violence or Universal love )
Anekant (Non-absolutism)
Aparigraha (Non-attachment)
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Ahimsa (Non violence)
Ahimsa practiced at 3 Levels:
Kaya (body)Vachan (speech)Man (mind)
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Anekant ( Non-absolutism)
See an entity from all directions
• Expression of Truth is Relative or Non-absolute• Truth is expressed in many ways•One cannot make definite statement about Truth• Each statement is true in its own limited sense• Example: Story of 9 blind men seeing an Elephant
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Aparigraha (Non-attachment)
• Attachment with People or Objects leads to Possession
• Jain Sadhus (Monks) and Jain Sadhvis exemplify Aparigraha
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Jain Karma Theory
• Law of cause and effect (action and reaction)• What one sows, one reaps• Our intention behind our actions of mind, speech
and body is 2nd dimension of our karmas
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What is Karma?
• Karma is a matter(Pudgal) determining the fate of the soul in rebirths
• It is composed of very fine karmic particles = karmons
• Entire universe is filled with karmic particles
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An Analogy - Magnetism
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Empowering Theory
• While the law of karma dictates what we are experiencing now to be the result of our own past action, the law - by clearly defining the principle of cause and effect - also lays before us positive future direction of our own choice and making
• Only WE are responsible for our past, present and future and only WE can alter it. No one else can!
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Jain Cosmology
• According to Jain metaphysics the universe is an uncreated entity which has always been in existence and shall always be there.
• There was neither any beginning of the universe nor is there going to be any end.
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Six Universal Substances
• According to Jain Science, the universe is comprised of six substances– Soul (Jiva)– Matter (Ajiva)– Space (Akash)– Time (Kal)– Dynamic medium (Dharmastikay)– Stationary medium (Adharmastikay)
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Six Universal Substances
• In standard physics one deals with matter in time and space coordinate system
• In contrast, in Jain science it is the soul which is to be studied in terms of time, space and matter
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Jain Literature
• Digambar View– All Agams are Extinct
• Purva Agams (12th Ang) by 356 BC• 11 Ang and 14 Ang-bahya by 157 AD
– Agam substitute literature• Satkhand Agam• Kashay-pahud• Four Anuyogs
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Jain Literature
• Shwetamber Murti-pujak View– Purva Agams Extinct - 474 AD– 11 Ang-pravishta Agams Survived– 34 Ang-bahya Agams Survived
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Jain Literature
• Ang-pravista Agams– Direct teachings of lord Mahavir– Composed by Ganadhars– 12 Ang-pravista Agams– Acharang sutra - being the oldest of all
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Paryushana Parva
A Religious festival
To come together from all directions
To bring all external thoughts inward to reflect upon your soul
To seek Forgiveness from all living beings
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Kalpa Sutra
Author: Author: Acharya Bhadrabahu_swami Acharya Bhadrabahu_swami
A scripture which describes how to enhanceA scripture which describes how to enhance
Religious knowledge (Religious knowledge (GnanGnan))
Conduct (Charitra, Shila) Conduct (Charitra, Shila)
Self control (Penance or Tap)Self control (Penance or Tap)
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Social Structure
Organization : Jain Sangh Organization : Jain Sangh –– 4 pillars4 pillars
Shravak (Jain Gentleman)Shravak (Jain Gentleman)
Shravika (Jain Lady)Shravika (Jain Lady)
Sadhu (Jain Monk)Sadhu (Jain Monk)
Sadhvi ( Jain Nun) Sadhvi ( Jain Nun)
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Jain Sadhus
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Jain Sadhvis
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Jain Pilgrimage Places
Jain Temples
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Rankpur, Rajasthan, India
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Rankpur Temple, Rajasthan, India
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Rankpur, Rajasthan, India
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Architecture in Delwala Jain Temple, Mt. Abu, Rajasthan, India
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Architecture in Delwala Jain Temple, Mt. Abu, Rajasthan, India
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Mahavir, New Delhi, India
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Reference
• Jain Associations in North America (JAINA) Websites - http://www.jaina.org/and http://www.jainism.org/
• Jain Society of Metro-Chicago, Bartlett, IL Websites - http://www.jsmconline.org/
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JAINA Web Site
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JSMCONLINE Chicago website