Thomas Jefferson, 1743 - 1826

The Sally Hemings Affair

Video Clip: Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings

Eugene A. Foster, 81, Dies; Linked Jefferson to Slave

Descendents of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings pose for a group photograph at Monticello in 1999.

Declaration of Independence, 1776

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

Naturalization Act of 1790Color of Wealth p 236

• Limited to “free white persons”

• “good moral character”

• 2 years in the country, 1 year in the state

• Could be granted by any common law court of record

Naturalization Act of 1795

• Increased period of residence in the country from 2 to 5 years.

• Declaration of Intention followed by a three year waiting period

• Required to take an oath not only of allegiance to the United States but also of renunciation of his former sovereign.

Tecumseh

1768 - October 5, 1813

Shawnee chief who lead his warriors against American troops and formed a confederacy of all the western and southern tribes to hold the Ohio river valley as the permanent boundary. In 1812 he was commissioned as a brigadier general by the British. "He was noted for his humane character and success in persuading his tribe to discontinue the practice of torturing prisoners. At the battle of Fort Meigs he saved the American prisoners from massacre.”

http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/tecumseh/tecumseh.html

USS Tecumseh

Three Central Factors in the Accumulation of White Wealth during the 19th Century

p. 239 – 243 Color of Wealth

1. Indian Removal

2. Land Distribution

3. Railroad Subsidies

Andrew Jackson, 1767 - 1845

• Seventh President of the United States, 1829 – 1837

• Hero of the War of 1812 against the British

• Defeated the “Red Stick Creek” Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend

• Primary Architect of INDIAN REMOVAL

• An “anti-elitist” who rode a wave of populism which arose after passage of the Salary Act of 1816.

• Born on the Carolina frontier he represents the “Man Who Knows Indians.”

•The first “Common Man” to rise to the Presidency.

Jacksonian Democracy

1.Expanded White American Suffrage

2.Promoted “Manifest Destiny” in Western Expansion

3.Advocated “Free-Market” Laissaz Faire Economics

4.Firm Believer in Limited Federal Government

Image from 1845

Battle of Horseshoe Bend, p 240 CoW

Battle of Horseshoe Bend“[Jackson’s soldiers] and Cherokee warriors surrounded and massacred eight hundred

Creek men, women and children.” p 240 Color of Wealth

“Jackson personally benefited from these treaties…” CoW p 240

Beechcraft U-8D Seminole

Monroe Central High School Seminoles

Fight SongWe are the red and gold and black and white.

The Seminoles of Monroe Central High.We shine with pride and might throughout the

fight.We'll show the other team that we are out of

sight.We will prove to you that our school is the

best.We will conquer and rise above the rest. 

The spirit of the Noles we cannot hide, share our pride,

NOLES, NOLES, NOLES, HEY

Cherokee Nation

• 1832 Supreme Court ruling, Worcester v. Georgia in favor of Cherokee land rights.

Indian Removal Act, 1830, The Trail of Tears, 1838 - 39p 41 - 46

Cherokee

15, 000 Cherokee, Men, Women and Children, marched 1,200 from Appalachia to Oklahoma “Indian Territory”

Why I Would Never Buy a Jeep Cherokee

Choctaw Indians“Once the Choctaws arrived in Indian Territory, they discovered that their new reservation consisted of 6.8 million acres of which were virgin territory…Today the tribe owns only 65,000 acres of their original reservation, and the Weyerhauser Paper Company is currently the single largest private landowner in the ten-county region, owning over 1.8 million acres of land that formerly belonged to the Choctaw.” CoW p 44

Black Elk, 1863 - 1950

Homestead Act of 1862

“Any white male adult eligible for citizenship could claim 160 acres of government-surveyed western land.”

p 44 Color of Wealth

Homesteading Family

“One study estimates the number of Americans living today who are descendants of homestead recipients at forty-six million.” p 241 CoW

The Pacific Railway Act of 1862

Chief JosephChief Joseph of the Nez Perce (1840?-1904) was known to his people as "Thunder Traveling to the Loftier Mountain Heights." He led his people in an attempt to resist the takeover of their lands in the Oregon Territory by white settlers. In 1877, the Nez Perce were ordered to move to a reservation in Idaho. Chief Joseph agreed at first. But after members of his tribe killed a group of settlers, he tried to flee to Canada with his followers, traveling over 1500 miles through Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana. Along the way they fought several battles with the pursuing U.S. Army. Chief Joseph spoke these words when they finally surrendered on October 5, 1877.http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/joseph.htm

Frederick Jackson TurnerProposed the Frontier Thesis in 1893

Portrait of Daniel Boone Crossing into Kentucky

Eastern North America, 1812

Thirteen Colonies

Spanish Territory

British North America

1845 – 1848

Texas in 1845

Mexico in 1848

Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890 Poverty USA

Dawes Act, 1887

Allotment and Assimilation

“In just one year, 1891, Indian Commissioner Thomas Morgan sold off one-seventh of all Indian lands in the United States to white settlers, over 17.4 million acres.”

p 46 Color of Wealth

Land Sale, Circa 1911 →