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: K o fl J1 e H Jl. A. My3h1Ka 1-l a.oo6panH?HHe. -- CoB. MY::!biKH. 1968, N~ 4, c. 120. C e p o a A. H36p craTbH, T. 2. M .. 1957, c. 537.

19

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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Bb1pa3HTeJibHOCTH HcnoJl He HHH TaK:, Ha rrpH Mep, M A Toro, 4T06hr

nO!P-lepK HYTh KYJl bM H Ha1u1o HH biH 3BYK <flpa 3bl, CJ1.eJJaTb Q:>pa3H posKy

BhiiTYKJlOH, HY>KHO Bhi.11.EJ1HTb Ba*HYIO HoTy rrp H noMOWH « Ha 1+< H M a»,

HeKOTOpOrO yBeJIH4eHHH rpOMKOCTH, H Hao60pOT, c<y6paTb» 3By4-

HOCTb noc.'le KYJlhM H HaU.HH. 4acTo Bhi pa3HTeJl bHoCTh J:l.OCTH raeTcH

He CTO~bKO npH ITOMOmH Il0.11.4epKHBaHHH KYAhMHHaUHOHHOA HOT~, CKOJlhKO 3a C4eT 06Jler4eHHf1, 3aTyxaHHH OKOH4aHHf1 tj1pa3bl.

faHc lliMH.[I.T, rrpot}leccop BeHcKOH KOHcepsaTopHH, B caoeii KHH­

re c<O ecTeCTBeHHbiX 3aKoHax MY3biKaJibHOro HCITOJlHeHHR» CQJOPMYJlH­

poBaJl npaBHJla, COrJlaCHO KOTOpbiM Ka/K.llaA 60Jlee J].JlH HH3fl HOTa

LlOJl >K Ha HCITOJI HATbCH rpOM 4e, Helt<eJl H 6oJlee KOpOTKa A. B CJ1Y4 ae me,

KOrLia 6o~ee aoJlraA HOTa c~eAyeT nocJle HeCKOJlbKHX KOpOTKHX HOT,

oH coseTosaJl c.lle.'l aTh K Hew He6oJJhwoe rrocpeACTBYIOLUee crescendo

C TeM, 4T06bl .[I,OJlraH HOT a ITOAY4H.'la He06XOaHMY~ CHJlY 3ByKa. nocJle

aOJl rOH HOTbl ill M H.[I.T COBeTOBaJl <<H rpaTb HaCTOJlbKO C.'l a6o, KaK

3BY4 aJl aoJl r HH 3BYK B noJlOBH He CBOeii llJl HTe.'Tb HOCTH», HHa4"e Heno­

cpeLICTBeHHO CAe.llyiOWHH 3ByK He 6yaeT TECHO npHMbiKaTb K .[I,OJlrOMy

( « BbJJl H BaTbC A» H3 Hero) . cf>opM Y•'l H pyH CBOH npa BHJl a rrpH MEHHTeJl hHO

K cflopTenHaHHOMY HCnOJlHHTeJlbCTBy, lliMHaT B TO >Ke BpeMA nO;l.4€-p­

KHBaJl, 4TO c< H B neHHH 6o.'lee .11.0Jl raH HOT a rroAy4aeT CHJlbHeHWHH

aKUeHT, c TOH JlHWh pa3HHueA, 4TO rreBeu B 6o.'lbWHHCTBe cJJy4aeB

rrepeHOCHT 3TOT aKll,eHT K Cepe.[I.HHe .[1.0J1rOH HOTbl» lU.

0npe.lleJleHHYE0 B3aH M03a BHCH MOCTb MCIK!l.Y aJl HTeJl bHOCTbEO 3ByKa H ero CHJIOH OTMe4aJlH H H3BeCTHble COBpeMEHHble MY3biKaHThl H

ne.lla rorH. TaK, A. foJJhAEHBeihep nHcaJl B 3Toii CBH3H: «ECJlH H

6yny HrpaTb, CKail<eM, rorte 6e3 crescendo 1-1 diminuendo, C OA}!Ha­

KOBOH CHAOH MeJIOJlH4eCKYJO JlHHH~. KOTopaA HAeT 4eTBepTAMH, a

TIOTOM Ha Ka KYIO-TO lleTBepTb Cbl rpa~ 4eTb1pe wecTHaJ1.u.aThle1 c Tow

>Ke CHJ10H Kai+<.[LYIO, TO y CAylllaTe.'lH C03.llaeTCH BITe4aTJleHHe, 4TO

H 3aHrpaJ1 rpOM4e, TaK KaK B OaHy H Ty >Ke e.llHHHU.y BpeMeHH OH

• Bocnp H MeT He OAH H, a 4ETbl pe 3ByKa. KoHr4HO, 3To HeJih3H IIOH H MaTh

apHQJMeTH4eCKH, TO eCTb 4TO Mbl aOJI>KHbl ChlrpaTb 3TH 4ETblpe

3ByKa pOBHO B 4eThlpe pa3a THWe, 4eM npeabiJ1.YWHe 4eTBepTH, HO,

BO BCHKOM C.ny4ae, eCJJH Mbl He XOTHM, 4T06hl 3TH WeCTHaAU3Tble

np03BY48JlH 3H84HTeJlbHO rpOM4e, 4eM OCTaJlbHOe, Mbl aOJJ>KHbl...,

CblrpaTb Ka)K.[I.yiO H 3 HH X JJer4e» I.

HccJlELIOBaTeJl H OTMeqa.'l H H onpe.lleJ1eHHyV 3a BHC H MOCTb CHJibl

3ByKa OT p!-iTMJ.f4eCKoro p HCYHKa: l..leM 3HeprHl..l HE'e PHT!\.1' TC\1 c oo:Jb-

wei-1 aKTHBHOCTbiO OH .llOJJ/1\eH HCITOJlHATbi.."H( n n, m m> 4eM n n) CH H!<OTia, cneTaSl C.1aOt'e, lll'M HUT.::!, nos::rBJlSliOLUaR-.

10 Ill M H D. T r, 0 eCTI!CTBt.'HHbiX 3<:1KOH<:IX MY3b1K<:I.'[bt!Oro HCITO•lHeHIHl.. Cn6.- M, 1890, (". 6-7.

I I r (I", b n. e H IJ f.:' i1 3 f.:' r A' 06 H CTI0.1 H H Te.'lbC"TBe. --- B KH.; Boll pocbl ~opTt:-11 f1 a 1{­

tlOfO HCITOJ1HHn'.'lhCTBa. Bhln_ l. M_, 196:1, c_ 5-,..S_

.32

CH Jl.O Hee, flOCJJe Hee HJJH OllHOBpeMeHHO C HeH, HO B JJ.pyrOM

fOJIOCe, rrepecrae"f 6b!Tb CHHKOflOH, TO eCTb TepfleT CBOIO pHTMH4eCKYJO

H JIH H a MH.t.teCKYEO X a paKTep HCTH.KY.

l1cnOJ1HHTe.'IbCKa fl HJOa HC HpOBKa B 3Ha 4H.TeJJbHOH CTefleHH CBH3aHa

c rap MOHH.4eCKH M .LJ.BH}KeHHeM, c 4epe.rr.oBaHHeM MY3biKaJibHOH: yc­

TOH4 H BOCTH. H HeyCTOH!..JH BOCTH., C QJYHKL.lH.OHa~1 bHOH poJJ bJO aKKOp,!1.0B

B .r1a.rr.e. HanpHMep, ecJIH rrocJJe .D.HCCOHHpyiOw,ero aKKOpJla CJle.Qyer

pa3peweHHe, TO ero CJ1e,11.yer HCnOJJHHTb THWe aKKOp)la.

HeMaJioe 3Ha4eHHe JIJJH HJOaHcHpOBKH HMeeT HanpaB.'IeHHOCTh

MeJIOllHH. lloBOJlbHO 43CTO B HCnOJJHHTeJibCKOH npaKTHKe Mbl CTaJJ­

KHBaeMCfl C yBe.'IH4eHHeM CH..'IbJ 3ByKa npH )lBH/KeHH.H. MeJlO)lHH BBepx

H C 33THX3HHeM npH. .LJ.BH}KeHHH. BHH3. 8bJpa3HTeJlbHOCTb 9T0f0 npHeMa

o6ycJJOB.'IeHa BOCnp HHTH.eM BOCXO)lHlllefO JIB HIKe HHH H. BOCXOJl.fl W.eH

,!1.HH3MHKH. KaK HapaCT3HHfl 3KCnpecCHH, 9MOL.lHOH3JlbHOrO nO.llbeMa,

a y6bJBa HHH .LJ.HH aM H KH H HHCXO.Llfl W.efO .ilB H }KeHH.H - KaK 9MOLlHOHa .. 1b­

HOf0 Cfla.D.a. 0.LJ.HaKO TaKafl aCCOU,HaLtH.H rrpaBOMepHa llaJieKO He BCer­

.rr.a. He MeHee 4acro JlBHJKeHHe MeJJO.LJ.HH BHH3 JJ.OJDKHO conposo/KJJ.aTb­

cfl crescendo, a JJ.BrtmeHHe saepx- diminuendo, accOUHrtpyRcb

B nepBOM C.'Iy4ae C yaeJJH.4eHHeM M3CCHBHOCTH., THmeCTH., a BO BTO·

poM - c o6JJer4eH HeM, Hcr'mmaHHeM.

HaKoHeu., MHBafl wcrroJIHHTeJibCKaH rrpaKTHKa rrocrofiHHO Ha­

noMHHaeT 0 3aBHCHMOCTH .LJ.HH3MHKH OT TeMna, a TeMna OT _.llHHa­

MHKH. rpoM KHH 3By K, Ka K npaBH.'IO, C Tpy llOM COBMeCTHM C 6bJCTp bJ M,

BHpTy03Hb!M .LlBH/KeHHeM. lleM rpOM4C 3ByK, TeM OH TflfKeJJee H,

CJie.LJ.OBaTeJihHO, TeM CJJO}J{Hee ynpaBJIHTb HM B 6biCTpOM TeMrre. no­

~TOMy B npOH.3Be)leHH.fiX, B KOTOpb!X OAHOBpeMeHHO C JierKOCTbEO,

H3HllleCTBOM, rpauHew KOM no3HTop rpe6yer forte HJJ H. fortissimo,

HHOr ,11.3 CJleAyeT HeC KO.'IbKO flOCTY flH.TbCH CHJlOH 3 By4a HH.fl llJI fl llOCTH­

fKeHHH HY}KHoro xapaKrepa MY3bJKH.

Bee 3TO cBH.JieTeJibCTByer o TOM, 4TO Te H.JIH HHbJe reMnOBbre,

MeJJO.LJ.H.t.teCKH.e, pHTMH.4eCK~er rapMOHH4eCKlfe, £PaKTYPHbJe OC06eH­

HOCTH MY3biKaJibHOf0 fl3b!K a Hepe.QKO nO)lC Ka3bJ sa lOT HCflOJJ HHTe.'IIO

Heo6xOAHMOCTb KoppeKTHpOBKH a sTopcKH.X AH HaM H4eCKHX yKa3a HHH.

0JIH3KO .QeJJ aTb :JTO CJ1e,11.yer C 60.'IhWOH OCTOpOM HOCTbEO. (Jl H W KOM

4aCTb!e, HeonpaB)laHHbJe H.3MeHeHHH OCHOBHbJX HE03HCOB He .LJ.OCTH.raJOT

ue.'IH.; OHH. TOJlhKO YTOMJl fiJOT H n p HTyn.,1 HEOT BOCn pH.fiTH.e CJIYW aTeJJeH,

npHBHOCfiT B HCflO.'IHeHHe M3HepHOCTb H MOfYT npOH3BeCTH ,D.a}Ke JOMOpH.CTH!..JeCKOe Bne43TJleHHe. «HH4TO T3K He MOfKeT nospe,!1.H.Tb

npoHa Beil.eH HEO, ~ orMe4a~1 P. BarHep1 - Ka K npoH3BOJJ bHaH 1-noaH­cHposKa, nOCKO.'IbKY OHa OTKpb.!BaeT npocTop ¢aHTaCTH4eCKHM Kan­

pH3aM .'II06oro TllleC.'IaBHOrO TaKTOOT6HBaTeJIH, paCC4HTbJBaiOlllero

JIHWb Ha 9<fl¢eKT» . ~. f J13BHbl M KpHTepHeM ,!1.Jl H BepHOH HJ03 HCH.pOBK H fiBJIHeTCH CO.llep­

M3HH.e H. cpopMa npOH3Be.D.eHHfl, ero CKJiaA H. cTpyKrypa, xapaKTep

MeJlo.QHH.. B xoposoi1 JJHTepaType acrpe4aeTcH HeMa.'Io smH30.LJ.OB, Ha­

nHcaHHbJX WHpOKHM, C04HbJM M33KOM~ npH HCflOJlHeHHH KOTOpbJX Heo6-

J 2 B a r H e p P. 0 .. 1HpHIK ffpoaa HHH.- Pyccxa R MY3bl Ka.ll b H al'l ra 3i'Ta. 1809. N~ 38.

33

XO.LJ.HMO H36erarb )1p06Hoi1 liiOaHcHp013KH. YI Hao6opor, B npoH3Be.lle­

HHHX, 6oraTbiX KpaC04HbiMH, HpKHMH, KOIITpaCTHbiMH )1€Ta.HHMH,

nCHX0.110rH4eCKH M H MOMeHT aM H, O.il.IIOTOH H aH, O.[!,H006p 33 Hafl D..H Ha­

MHKa ).10:tKtT 3H84 HTtJihHO o6e,LJ.HHTb COAeptKaTeJ1bliYKi H o6pa3HYIO

CTOpoHy ).1Y3b!KH. «4T06bl He yrpaTHTb ,'JOfHKY COOTHOWeHHR CHJibl

3BY4 Hocre i1 H co3.Ua Tb 313YKOI3YKJ n a.'l Hrpy, 6ora ryiO pa3 Hoo6p a 3HE').1

H KpacKaMH,- IIHC8.1 A. na30BCKHH,- .llliplDKepy Heo6X0)1H).10 no-

4YBCTBOB3Tb H OC03HaTb nCKH03HY~ flHHaMHKy" HCnOJ1HHe~oro H).1

npOH3Be.ll,eliHH. no,J.06HO CKB03HOMY TeMnOptiTMy, na .. 'llHpa MY3bJKa.'lb­

HOH nH f-laM H KH -- :;:~ro rTO.LJ.beMbi H en a)lbl 3BYKOBbiX Hail p R IKtHH ii; 3TO

Htupepbii::JHb!t KOHTpaCTbl, CMeHbl pa3110p0)1HbiX !10 CH.'l€ H xapaKTtpy

.[!,HH8).1H4tCKHX HlOaHCOI3, WTpHX013, OTTe!iKOB, rapMOHH4HO 06bt.il!-1-

Ht'IIHb!X I::J O.ilHO 60J1bWOt UeJ1oe» lJ.

nyT€').1 pa3.1H4HOro HCIIOJ1lr30BaHHA .i1HHa~H4eCKHX Hl03HCOll .ll,H­

pH}I{ep MOIKeT pacKpbiBarb ry H.l H HHYIO so3~0*HOCTh pa313HTHH

MY3biKaJibHO-Hcno.~lHHTe.'TbCKOH JlpaMaryprlili, co3nasaR cpopMy, B

HaH 6oJ1 bWeH creneH H COOTI3tTCTI3yiO lllYIO COAep}K a H H~ 11pOH3BtfleH HR.

KaK Y*e orMe4a.10Cb, OTHOCHTe.lbHO ycTOH4HBbiH yposeub rpoM­

KOCTH MQ}KeT cnoco6CTBOB3Tb 06b€)I,HHeHH~ cpopMbl, a pt3KHe CMtllbl

rpoM KOCTH - Hn.l HTbCfl cpe.acrBoM ee_ 1.1.1 eue!i HR. Oo3TOMY np H no­

Mowu TeX H.HH HHbiX .ilHHa MH4tCKHX IlpHt~OB HCnQ,'lHHTe,'Jb ~O:tK€T

B03.[!,e ikrBoBaTb H a cpopM y C04 H HeH HR. OtieHb pa cnpocrpaneH­

HbiM n p He MOM HCnO.lHHTeJ1 bC KOH HKJaHCHpOBKH HBJ1HeTCH, Ha np H Mtp,

JlHii3~Hl.JeCKOe npOTHBOrTOCTaB.'leHHe IIOBTOpHKilllHXCR ).10THBOB, cppa3

H r. n. (nepBbJH pa3 rpoMl.Je, Bropot1 pa3 nrwe, H.ut Hao6opor). Oco6eHHO 6o.lbwoe 3Ha4eHHe npHo6peraeT 1lHH8).1HKa 13 necHHX

H XOpax Kyn~eTHOrO CTpOeHHR, CTaHOBRCb 3AeCb enaa ~H He r~ai::J­

Hbl~ Hcno.'1HHTe.1bCKHM cpencrBoM MY3bJKaJlbHoro pa3BHTmL H3Me­

HtHHfl HI03HC3 B pa3,'1H4Hb!X Kyu.nerax neCHH 13HOCRT KOHTpacT H

pa3H006pa3Ht H nOBTOpHIOWHHC~ \1y3b1Ka~1bllb1H MaTepHaJT H O)J{J..IBJHI­

~T ¢op,.,y. Hao6opor, npHe~ nocreneHHoro ycH.rieliHH 313YKa or

nepsoro KYII•leTa K IIOC.'le.llHeMy HJI H C04~Ta HH€ II.'I aHiiOfO yc H.'leHHH

c nJiaBHbJ M 3aryxa H HeM, oco6tHHO 4acro upH MeH ReMbiH, H a np H ~ep, B COJI.llaTCKHX H oyp.l3U.KHX neCHRX, B 60,'lbWOH CTeneHH 06b€.ll,HHHeT

BCIO KY n.'lerHyiO cpop~ y B euH Hoe ue.'loe.

B upHHt!Hue .il•lHre.~lbHOe crescendo H diminuendo HB.lH~rcR 04eHb Ba/KHb!M cpe)1CTB0).1 06bt,!l)1HeHHH ij.H)p).1bl H (HJ1bl-lbl~ cpen­

CTBO M pa3B!HH~. Ho no- H acT05-lii~eMy y6enrne • .'lbHoe sne4 aT.'ltHHe

o6a liKJ3HCa npOH3130)lHT TOJ1hKO B TOM CJ1y4ae, eCJ1H BbiiiO.'lHHIOTCR

nocTeneHHO H paBHo~epHo. Ll.r1H roro 1JT06b! HapacraHHe H cua.ll

313Y4 HOCTH OCyll.leCTBJ1HJI HCb C 60.1 bWOH nocJie)lOBa T€.'1 bHOCTbKJ,

peKOMeH,LJ.yeTCH Ha4HIIaTb crescendo HeCKOJibKO CJ1a6ee OCHOBHOrO

moa HC:a, a diminuendo liecKo.rlbKO rpoM4e. My.apoe npaBHJIO peKo­

MeH.[!,OBaJ1 f. 610.~1013: «Crescendo 031134aeT piano, diminuendo

o3Ha4aer forte». To ecTb onopy .ll,.'lH .[!,'1 HTeJibHOro crescendo HY:tKHO

HCKaTb B r Jiy6oKOM piano, a n.rifl croJlb me n.~Jne.1bHoro diminuendo

I :l n <I 3 0 El c K H H A. 3<tElliCKJ1 .'lJiP[l)IH''pa. c. 291-292.

B HaCb!ll.l,eHHOM H TIOJ1HOM forfe. 04eHb llOJ1e3HO np11 110CTeneHHOM

.[l,J1Ha MJ14eC KOM nepeXO)le ycJIOBHO paC4JleHHTb MeJlOJI..H4eCKYJO JTH" HHtO

Ha pH.ll MOTHBOB, Ka/KtJ,blH H3 KOTOpbiX CJietJ,yeT HCilOJ1HHTb HeCKOJlbKO

rpOM4e HJll1 THWe npe.[J,hiAyW.ero. np11l.JeM LI.a/Ke B 3TIH30Jl.aX, Tpe6yi0-

LILHX 6oJTbWOH CJ1Jlbl 3ByKa, HYIKHO He tJ,aBaTb ee BCJO.

noJKaJlyH, eLILe 60JihWyJO TPY )l,HOCTh, 4eM nocTeneHHOe BbinOJl He­

HHe crescendo 11 diminuendo, npeACTa BJIHeT .[l,JlH HCilOJ1H HTeJIH

BHe3a nHaH CMeHa HIOaHCOB. HcnoJl HHTeJih AOJIJKeH cyMeTb .[l,OHeCTH

HpKHe 3BYKOBble KOHTpaCTbl 6e3 KaKOfO·JtH60 HX CM H r4ei!HH. 3TO

Tpe6yer 6oJihworo MacTepcrBa. 04eHh 4aCTo neBUbl He MoryT cpa3y

nepecTp011ThCH C OJl.HOfO HJOaHca Ha .[J,pyroH, 4TO H"CKaJKaeT aBTOpCKH"H

.1IHHaMJ14eCKl1H nJT a H H xy.lloJKecrBeHHbiH 3a MhrceJl npoH3Be.n.enHR.

Oco6aH TPY.[l,HOCTb TaKOH MrHoBeHHOH nepecTpOHKH y nesu.os CBR3aHa

co c neu.HcpH KOH nesY:eCKoro Mexa HH3M a .llb!Xa H HR, .llOnycKaJOLILero

HeKOTOpyJO H"HepU11JO. LlJlH .LJ.OCTHIKeHH"A OT4eTJTI1BOCTI1 3BYKOBblX

KOHTpaCTOB nepe.ll CMeHOH HJOaHCOB o6bt4HO npHMeHHtOT Ue3ypy

(~<opoTKoe AhiXaHHe). TaKaH ue3ypa, KpoMe Toro, noMoraeT H36e­

tKaTb «nor JlOWeHHH>> 6y.11.yw.ero HJOaHca npe.llWeCTBYJOWeH 3BY4-

HOCTbiO.

OnHcaHHble BbiWe rrpHeMbi HcnoJlh30BaHHR LI.HHaMHKH MoryT npH­

MeHRTbCH sceMH MY3b!KaHTaMH-HcnoJlHHTeJI:fiMH BHe 3aBHcHMOcTH OT

HHCTpyMeHTa, Ha KOTOpOM OHH 11rpaJOT. 8 TO /Ke BpeMH BblflOJIHeHHe

Al1HaMH4eCKHX OTTeHKOB B xopoBOM HCilOJlHHTeJibCTBe HMeeT pR.ll oco-

6eHHocTeH, o6ycJlOBJieHHhiX cneu.HrpHKOH neHHR soo6me H xopoBoro

neHHH B 4aCTHOCTH. ¥bBecTHO, HanpHMep, 4"FC OCHOBHOH peqlJleKTOp­

HOH CBH3bJO, peryJTHPYJOLILeM Jl.HHaMH4eCKHe MOAYJTHUHH roJloca, RBJlR­

eTCH CBH3b AbLXaHMH 11 ropTaHM. YbMeHeHHe rpOMKOCTH rOJIOCa npo­

MCXOtUfT rJTaBHbiM o6pa30M B pe3y.JlbT3Te MO.!lY.Jl:flllHH no.n,CBH304-

HOro tJ,aBJieHJ1H, MeHHtOWHX KOJle6aHHH fOJIOCOBblX CBH30K: 4eM

6oJibWe AaBJieHHe B03.[l,yxa, TeM 6oJlbWe Cl1Jia 3ByKa. MoiKHO 6e3

npeyseJlJ1l.JeHHH CKa3aTb, 4TO peryJI RTOpOM rpoM KOCTH" B neHH"l1 HBJIR­

eTCH .llb!XaHHe. no3TOMY Jl.HpH1Kepy xopa HYJKHO oco6oe BHHMaHHe

Han pa BHTb Ha Bb!pa60TKY y neBUOB rrpa BH"Jl bHOfO )J.b!Xa HHR . .DpyroH

BaJKHOH 33KOHOMepHOCTbJO neBY:eCKoro rOJlOCa HBJlAeTCH yseJlH4eHJ1e

CHJTbl roJloca c Bh!COTOM TOHa. AKyCTH Y:eCKHMl1 l1CCJTeAOBa HHH Ml1

AoKa3aHo, 4TO y M3CTepOB neHHst rpOMKOCTb 3ByKa n..!13BHO Ha­

paCTaeT OT HHIK HH"X TOHOB .llH3IT330H3 K BepXHHM Bn.JlOTh .llO KpaH­

Hl1X npeLI.eJlOB AH31la3oHa; HanpOTHB, npH .1IBJ1/KeHHH OT BepXHHX

TOHOB K Hl1/KHJ1M CH"JT3 .3ByKa y6b!BaeT. 3TH ecTeCTBeHHbJe H3MeHeHHH

rpoM KOCTJ1 3By4aHHH B BOCXO)J.HW,eM H" HHCXOJl.RWe M .llBHJKeHHH

MeJlO.[l,Hl1 Heo6xo.n.HMO Y4HTh!BaTb .LJ.HpHJKepy npH pa6oTe Ha.n. .llHHaMH­

I.JeCKH Ml1 OTTeHKaMJ1 Yf H a 4e Jl.H HaM H4eCKH"e KpaCKii MOfYT OK333TbCH

JIJ160 npeyBeJIH4eHHblMH, JIH60 HeJl.OCTaT04 HO HpKO BblllOJIHeHHbl Mli.

B TO IKe speMH Heo6xo.[l,HMO OTMeTHTh, 4TO nJiaBHoe yseJIH4eHHe

CHJlbl 3ByKa, ecTeCTBeHHOe y MaCTepOB, Tpe6yeT 60JlhWOfO 4YBCTBa

Mepbl 11 3Ha4HTeJibHOH MbtWe4HoH: TpeHHpoBaHHOCTH. DOJihWHHCTBY

neBUOB He yLI.aeTCH COpa3MepHTh rpOMKOCTb 3BY43HJ1H no BCeMy

.llHana3oHy.

35

Oco6eH HO pacnpoctpa HeHHbiM H€JlOCTaTKOM H BJHICTCR cpopotposa­

HHe 3ByKa Ha BepxHHX TOHax. KaK MeToA 6opb6b! c cpopcHposaHHeM

Bb!COKHX 3BYKOB npHMeHfleTCH OCJ18.6JteHHe HX rpOMKOCTH, cp H Jl H p 0-

B a H He. npHeM ¢H.r1HpOB2HHR 04eHb WHpOKO HCnOJlh3yeTCSi B XO­

pOBOH npaKTH Ke, r )le KBIK.ll.bl 11 neBeu B CHJlY cneu,Ht1JH.4eCKHX ycJIOBHH

KOnneKTHBHO~ pa60T~ OrpaHM4eH B npOHBJTeHHH CBOHX ronOCOBhlX

JJ.aHHbJX B nonHylO Mepy: OH ,ll,OJl/KeH yMepHTb H. orpaHH4HTb CHny

rOJIOCa, .U.aBaH JIMW b CTOJibKO, CKOJlbKO Tpe6yeTCfl JJ.Jl H C03.ll.a HH.fl

o6IlJ,eH KOJIJleKTMBHOH 3 BY4 HOCTM, ll.JlH C03.1l.a HHH a HCaM 6JTH XOpOBOH

napTHH.. )lH.HBMH.Ka 3-TOH 3BY4HOCTH ycTaHa BJTHBaeTCH H peryJTHpyeTCH

JI.H.pHtKepoM B COOTBeTCTBH.H C. xapaKTepOM H3y4aeMOf0 npOH3Be­

.1l.eHHfl H era HCnOnHH.TeJibCKMM n.1aHOM.

Heo6XO.ll.H.MO Y4HThmatb H ew.e OJJ.MH cneuM¢;M4ecKMH MOMeHT.

HccJleJJ.OBateJTHM H yeT a HOBJleHo, 4to pa3Hble r JlaCHble y HeOnbJTHOro

neBua H MeEOt pa3HYEO CHJIY. HaH6onee C.H.J1hHbl M H RBJTREOTCR r J1a.c­

HbJe a, e, o, a r.rracHwe u H y- 6oJlee cJia6b! 14

. JlHwb B pe3yJlbTaTe

pa60Tbl )lHpHMepa C rreBUOM pa3JIH4He B rpoMKOCTH. Me>K.U.Y rnaCHbJMH

MO)f(eT 6btTb JIHKBH)I.Hpo.sa HO. CMJia 3ByKa CBH3aHa taK>Ke c ero Q:lop­

MHposaHH~M. BMecTe c yBenH4eHHeM rpoMKOCTH M.n.et pacwHpeHHe

3ByKa, BMecTe c HcTaHBaHHeM ~ cymeHHe. Becb xoposo:A 3ByK, cor­

nacHo npHHU:HTTaM O.li.HOH H3 JiyqrnHX COBeTCKMX XOpOBbiX WKOJl -

xopoBOH WKOJlhi A. CsewHHKOBa, JI.OJl>KeH H.U.TM 4epe3 y3KHH: BHa4ane

Y3KHH - noT oM wrrpoKHH. QqeHh pacnpocTpa HeHa ow M6Ka, Kor .a.a

rreBUbl HeTTOCpe.II.CTBeHHO nOCJie B3HTHH JI.biXa HHfl Ha4HHaJOT netb rpoM­

KO. 3TO CBH3aHO C TeM, 4TO neBel...l HenpOM3BOJibHO CTpeMHTCH

«illHpOKO» H «CB060itHO» H3pa CXO.liOBaTb 60JJbWOH 3anac B03.n.yxa, KO­

TOpb!M oH Tenepb .pacnoJiaraeT. llH pH !Kepy cne.n.yeT nOCTOH HHO

npen_ocTeperaTh neBUOB Ot TaKOH rrpHBbi4Kll:, KOTOpaH rJ.J6eJlbHO .neii­

CTByeT Ha <f>pa3HpOBKy, Ha HanpaBJleHHe MY3bJKanbHOH nMHMH. Heo6xoJJ.HMO cne.a.HTb, 4T06bi 3BYK nocJie B3HTMH JJ.blXaHMH He 6b!JI 6b!

rpOM4e Toro, KaKHM oH 6b!n .llO Hero (pa3yMeetcH, KpoMe cJiy4aeB,

Kor.a.a cMeHa HlOaHcos o6o3Ha4eHa B HOTax). 8 octaJibHbJX cny4aflx

rna B Hbl M n pa BHJTOM .ll.OJl tK HO 6bJTb cne.a.yEOilJ,ee: Ha 4a s neth, Beer .11.a

nofi THWe TOfO TOHa, KOTOpblH, no BCeH BepOSlTHOCTH, 6yn.et B I<YJib­

MHHa l...lHH! CJTe.II.osa HHe 3TOMY n paBMJlY o6JTer4aet cppa3H posKy,

)leJlaeT ee y.n.o6HOH H eCTeCTBeHHOH.

To IKe otHOCMTC5! K OKOH4aHHHM MY3bJKaJlbHbJX q>pa3. HepeJJ.KO

B KOHU3X <f>pa3 B MOMeHT «CHHTHH » JI.HpM>Kepb! Tpe6ylOT a KTH BHOrO

«Bb!6pOCa» )lb!XBHHH. 3-TOT a KTHBHbiH Bbl.li.OX o6b!4HO conpoBO>KJ1,3eTCH

ycMJieHHeM 3By4HOCTH, 4TO 4acTo He cooTseTCTByet Heo6xo.ll.H MOH

cppa3HpOBKe. XoYeTcj oTMeTHTh, KcTaTH, 4TO OKOH4aHHe 3ByKa, KaK

H ero 3apO>K)leHHe, HMeeT HeHC4H.CJlHMOe KOJlM4eCTBO Jl,HH3MH4eCKMX

rpa.II.3UHH, 3ByK MOIKeT 3aMH.paTb, HCTaHBaTb, M TOr.ll.a npHMeHfleTCfl

.1l.HHaMH4eCKHH 3cpcpeKT cpHJlHpOBaHHH, MOIKeT o6pb!B3TbCH BHe3anHO,

Oco6eHHO cno>KHO s xope 6~cTpoe cosMeCTHOe npece4eHHe KOHI...la

14 CM.,. HanpHMep: , 3 e p Hoe B. ll. At"ico.IIIOTHoe !-13MepeHfte Cl-l.llbl 3eyKa. M. 1909.

36

3ByKa, KOTOpoe .ll.OCTHraeTCH 06bl4HO Mri!OBeHI!OH 3a,U,ep)I{KQH Jl,b1Xa­

Hl1H H.'lH npH r10MOWH TBep.ll.biX COrJ1BCHbiX 6yKB 6, n, T, MOJ111HellOCI!O

OCT .a HB BJ1H BB!01Ul1X 3 ByK .

.fl.H H3M H 4eCKJ1H ,ill1a llB30H xopa 3aBJ1CHT, KaK yme rOBOpHJ10Cb,

OT Wl1 pOT hi iiHHa M H 4eCKOrO AHa 11330H3 Ka/KAOro nesu.a. rlpaKTJ1Ka

r10K33biBaeT, 4TO y Heon bJT HblX neBUOB pa3HH U.a B CHJ1e rOJJOCa

MeJK.ll.Y forte H piano o4eHb HeBeJlHK.a. 4a1Ue scero OIIH HcnoJIHfllOT

BCe npH 6JTH3HTeJl bi!O 113 O,ll,IIOM .D.H HaM H4ECKOM ypOBI!e, COOTBeTCTBylO­

UleM 06bt4HO 3BY4HOCTJ1 mezzo forte. 5IcHO, 4TO OT 3TOrO crpaAaer

Bhl pa3 HTeJlhiiOCTb neHHfl, He rOBOpH y ;.r;;e 0 spene r10CT0fl HHOrO

roJTocoBoro uanpH)I{eiiHH .ll..'lH ca Moro neBua. rlo3roMy LlHPHIKepy

C~eAyeT 06parl1Tb 0C060e BHHMaHHe Ha ~OpMHpOB3HHe y XOpOBbJX

nesuoB H3BbiKOB piano H pianissimo. Tor.11..a rp.aHHUhi 11x AHIIBMH-

4ecKoro .il.HB H330H3 3 HB 4J1TeJ1 bHO paCWJ1 p fiTCfl.

HacrofllUHe M.acrepa ne HHH xopowo nottH M aJl H 3TY oco6etlllOCTh

,ll,HII3MHKH. ¢. lliaJlflnHH, HanpHMep, 3a BeCb cneKTaKJlb 6paJl 2-"-----3 npe,ll,EJ1bHO CHJibHbJe I!OThl, 110 3QJcpeKT H X 6bJJ1 nopa3HTeJlel!.

l1 nocJleJI.uee. Mbt y IKe roso pHJl H, 4TO BOCn pHHTHe rpoM KOCTH

rOJlOca 3aBHCHT OT ero flpKOCTH, 3BOHKOCTJ1, CnOc061!0CTH «JieTeTb»

B,!].aJib, CJlb!W3TbCH Ha 60JibWOM p.acCTOHHHJ1, TO ecrb Ka4eCTB, CBfl·

3aHHbJX C reM6pOM. flo3TOMY pa6oTa XOpMeHCTepa Ha.ll. .U.HI!3MHKOH

,U,QJl}K l!a 6b1Tb Hepa3pbJBIIO CBfl33113 C pa60TOH Ha.ll. TeM6pOM.

TeM6p. Bo3JI.eHCTBHe TeM6pa ua cJJywaTe~1fl, KaK H B03AeH.crBHe

)lHHaMHKH, 04eHb Henocpeaci"seiiHO H CHJlbiiO. TeM6pbt MoryT pa3.upa­

/Karh, YTOM.'lfiTb l1 ycnOKBH BBTb. flaCKOBbiH r0~10c, H.anpl1Mep, MOmer

neHCTBOBaTb CJ1JlbHee l1 r Jlyome, 4eM J1 aCKOBbl H B3r JTH,U. no reM6py

~rO.'lOCa 4aCTO B03HHK3eT npenCT3BJTeHJ1e 0 4eJlOBeKe, KOTOpOrO Mbl

He 31!3eM H T. .11..

Bbtp.a3HTe.'lbllbte B03Mom HOCTH reM6pos B MY3btKe o6ycJIOBJiel!hi

HX CXO.D.CTBOM C fiBJieiiHfiMH OKpy!KaiOW,EH Jl,eHCTBHTeJ1bi!OCTH. 3TO

CXO.IJ.CTBO orpa!K.aeTCfl B OnHCaTeJlbllbJX xap.aKTepHCTHKaX, ·KOTOpbJe

npaKTHKYlOTCfl A-'lH o6o3Ha4ei!HH TeM6pos. TaK, TeM6p Mo;.r;;eT 6hiTb

ox a pa KTep H30Ba 11 K.a K 3 seHHlUH H:, cKp HTIY4HH HJTH cBHCTfl w11:H. OH

MO;+;eT BOCr1pH11HMBTbCfl KaK Ter1JThiH H XOJTO,U,I!h!H, CBeTJlbiH H TeMHbiH,

Maroshrw H fiPKHH, JlacKOBhiH: H cypoBhiH H T . .ll.. Yl TOJlbKO BHyrpH

.ll.aHHOH oopa3ElOH xapaKTepHCTHKH TeMopy MoryT 6blTb ;r:J.3Hbl KBKHe-TO

KO.'lH4eCTBeHHble cpaBilei!Hfl (TeM6p 6o.nee CBeTJ1bJH H.'lH 6o.11ee TeM­

HbH"t, 60~1ee JlaCKOBbJH HJlH 60.r1ee cypOBbiH H T. n.). fl.a)l{e 113 3TH X xa·

paKrepHCTHK fiCHO, 4TO TeM6p HBJIHeTCH KBTeropHeH B OCIIOBilOM Ka4e­

CTBeHHOH, a He KO.'l H 4eCTBeHHOH H He non..naeTCH KaKHM -TO TOl.J. HbiM

H3Mepe Hl1fl M, 4TO .u.aeT HCr10~1 HHTeJliO 60JibllJOH n pocrop ,llJI H npofl BJTe·

HHfl T BOp4eCKOH H II H U.Ha THBbl.

KoHe4HO, coJ.u.asaH MY3hiKaJihHOe npOH3se.ueHHe, KoMn03HTop

npeAnl1CbtBaeT Ka)KJI.OMY ero MOMeHTY COBepweHHO On peAeJleHI!h!H

reM6p l1Jil1 HX C04eTaHHe. Yf B 3TOM CMblCJle MO)KilO rOBOpHTb 0

TeMope KaK o qmKcHposatntoM MY3btKaJlhttOM Ka4ecrse. Ho HecMorpH

113 TO, 4TO y K3)1{.1l.Oro rOJlOCa HJlH HIICTpyMeHTa eCTb CBOH onpelleJieH­

IIblH TeM6p, HCnOJ1HHTe.'tb MO)I{eT HMeTb BI!YTPH ero orpOMHbiH «TeM6-

37

pOBbiH ,!l,Hana30H», KOTOpb!H 3aBHCHT OT OC06eHHOCTeH HHCTpyMeHTa

H CBR3aHHb!X C 3Tl1M pa3.'TH4Hb!X npHeMOB 3BYK006pa3oBaHHH H ap­

THKYJIHUHH. Oco6eHHO se.'THKa pOJlb HcnoJIHHTeJIH KaK rsopua reM6pos

npH Hrpe Ha HHCTpyMeHT8X C HecpHKCHpOBaHHOH BbiCOTOH 3ByKa:

CKpHnKe, BHOJ10H4e.'TH, .ll.YXOBbiX. i1.a.eaJibHblM /Keno 6oraTCTBY TeM6poB

OCTaeTCR 4eJIOBe4eCKHH rOJlOC, K2K «HHCTpyMeHT», HaH60Jiee Heno­

cpeACTBeHHO CBH3aHHbJH C 4YBCTBOM, nepe}({HB2HHeM, xapaKTepoM

4eJ1oBeKa.

8 xopoaoi1 npaKTHKe noHHTHe «TeM6p» 4awe scero ynorpe6J!R­

eTcH KaK onpe,!l,eJieHHafl OKpacKa roJJocoa, xopoBbiX napTHH H scero

xopa, KaK KaKOe-TO nOCTOSlHHOe K84eCTBO 3ByKa, neB4eCKaH MaHepa.

8 3TOM CMb!CJie 06bi4HO roaopsn 0 60.'TbWeH H~1H MeHbWeH ApKOCTH

HJIH 0 CJIHWKOM 6oJibWOM npHIJiyWeHHOCTH 3BY42HHfl TOrO HJlH

H HOrO xopa, 0 6oJiee n pHKpb!TOH HJl H 60Jlee OTKp biTOH M a Hepe neH Hfl.

Ec.nH cpaBHHTb ,!l,a/Ke npocpeccHoHa.'TbHL>re xopbt aKaJI.eMH4ecKoro

HanpaB~1eHHH (TO eCTb KOJI.JleKTI-lBbl, .LIJ]Sl KOTOpblX xapaKTepeH npH·

KpbiTbiH, OKpyr.'ThiH 3BYK), TO HerpyllHO y6ell.HTbCH, 4TO Ka/KJI.b!H H3

HHX OT.'TH4aeT CBOfl, OC06aH MaHepa neHHR, CBOR TeM6poBaH OKpacKa.

B TO >Ke BpeMA B npe.ne.'Tax 3-TOH ocHOBHOH TeM6poso:H 30Hhi B03-

MOmHbl HeKoTopJJ.re TeM6poBbte H3MeHeHHH. TaK, HanpHMep, HcnoJl­

HeHHe KJiaCCH4eCKHX XOpOB~X napTHTyp CTap~x M2CTepOB rpe6yeT

60JibWeH npHKpb!TOCTH, OKpyrJICHHOCTH 3By4aHHfl, 4eM, CKaiKeM,

HCn9JI HeH HC WYT04 H bl X pycCKHX Ha pO.AHbl X neceH, KOTOpOe .nonycKaeT

B npeAeJlax o6wei1 OKPY rJieHHOCTH 3 BY4 a H HR era M a KCHMa~1bHyiO «OTKpb!TOCTb» Ha rpaHH C HapOllHOH MaHepOH- llpyrHMH C.'TOB8MH,

C T e n e H h 0 K p y r JI e H H 0 C T H 3 By 4 a H H A n 0 M H M 0 H e­

n 0 JI H H T e J1 b C K 0 H M a H e p bl · K 0 J1 JI e K T l1 B a 3 a B H C H T 0 T

iK3Hpa H CTHJlfl npOH3f!C,LlCHHR.

8 XOpOHOH npaKTHKe CylllCCTBYIOT H 6oJJee TOHKHe MOllHqmKaUHH

TeM6pa, B 33BHCHMOCTH OT XapaKTepa 06pa3d 1 CO,!l,ep>KaHHR, HaCTpoe·

HHfl no:HH\IeCKOrO H MY3biKaJibHOrO TeKcTa H, B K0He4HOM C4eTe, OT

4YBCTBa, KOTOpOe T pe6yeTCfl Bb!pa3HTb . .3ry B3aH MOCBR3b 4YBCTB2 H

oKpacKH roJioca xopowo noHHMa~1H BL>I,!l,aiOWHecR neBUbJ npowJioro,

KOTOpbte C03)laJIH UeJible CTpOH Hble CHCTeMbl npH MeHeHH A TeM 6poB,

HC f10TepRBWHe CBOKJ UeHHOCTb H cerOllHH lS.

8 HHX COBepweHHO npaBHJlbHO yKa3biBa~10Cb, HanpHMep, 4TO

OTKpbiTbiMH, HpKHMH 3ByKaMH Bblpa}({aeTCR H B neHHH H B pet(H 60JJh·

WaH paJJ.OCTb, rOpJJ.OCThj 11pOCTh1 3~10CTb; tJT01 HanpOTYIB1 3BYKH npHr.Jly­

weHHblC CJlymaT .AJifl BblpatK.eHHH 60fi3HH, po60CTH, 3aTaeHHOCTH;

lfTO C,!l,ep>KaHHL>Ie 4YBCTB2 06R3aTe.'TbHO Tpe6yFOT HeKOTOporo 32Kpbl­

THH rOJlOCa, a M2KCHM3JlhHO 3ar<pblTbiH1 r.rryxoii: rOJJOC npHMCHfJ­

eTCfl ,!l,JI fl Bbl pa}({eH HH yiKaCa H 60JibWOH TaH HCTBeHHOCT 11. 8 A a HHOM

HCnOJlHHTeJlbCKOM acneKTe TeM6p H HHTepecyeT HaC HMeHHO KaK

KalJ:eCTBO rGJ!OC2, KOTOpoe s:IBJTfJeTCfJ pe3yJJhT8TOM C03HaTeJibHOrO Bbl-

6opa nOKJlllCfO, a He KaK HCKOe xpOHH4eCKOe CBOHCTBO rO.'TOCa nesu,a.

~ 5 C!\'1., Ha npfl~ep, y MaHy:~.'l R fapcfla B KH.: H a J a p e H K o H. K. klcr-:vcnBo HeHHfl: XpecToMaTHH. M., 1968, c. 106-107.

38

C. 8oJIKOHCKHH, H3BeCTHhiH reaTpa.r1bH~H ne.naror, rmcaJI: «XoTH

Kp3CHBbiH rOJ10C- D.ll.HH H3 .nparoueHHeHWHX .napoB npHpO.Il.hl, HO H

OH MO>KeT npeapa THTbCH B opy .LJ.He, npenHTCTBYKJillee Bb!p33HTeJTb­

HOCTH; npeJ1eCTb ronoca MO/KeT CT3Tb H330HJll1 BOH, KDr .a.a aKTep

Ha HeH H34HHaeT ,Hrparb" 8 yutep6 CMbLC.Ily pe4H, H Hao60pOT, CKBep­

Hh111 f0J10C MO>KeT 3aCTaBHTb 3a6bLTb ce6H, KOf ,.!l.a C06JlKJ,.!l.eHbl BCe

ycJ1DBH H pa3y MHDH H npoLiyBcTBOBa HHOH peLIH. Kpacora roJloca ecTb

TOJ1 bKO y K p a ill e H H e pe4 H, HO He C y ill H 0 C T b, H HH4ero HeT

xy>Ke Ha CUeHe, KaK KpaCHBh!H fOJIOC, KOTDpbiH Ha.rr.oeJI,- 3TO

KaK KpacH BOe, HO f nynoe J1 H UO» Hi. 3TH CJ10B3, a.a.pecoBa HH ble K

.n.paMaTH4eCKHM aKTepaM, BnOJ1He npHMeHHMbl H K neBU,aM. 8 CaMOM

JI.eJ1e, MO>KHO npHBeCTH MHQ)KeCTBO npHMepOB, KOf.LJ.a neBUbl, He

06J1aJI.aBWHe OC060H KpaCOTOH fOJTOCa, CTaHOBHJIHCb MaCTepaMrt Bh1pa-

3HTeJTbHOrD neHHR, H Hao6opor, neBUhi, o6JiaJI.alOU1He 04eHh KpacH­

Bh1MH fOJ10CaMJ.f, 4aCTO p.a3.rr.pa>KaJOT rt OTTaJTKHBaJOT HeCOOTBeTCT­

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aHT- COlleTaHHe npHpO.llHOH KpaCOTbl TeM6pa 11 Bblp23HTeJlbHOCTH

HCnoJI HeH HH. Ho ecJIH y IK BbJ6Hpa Tb -TO HJIH .rr.pyroe, ro, nomany:H:,

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BepweHHO He yMefOW,eMy rrpHCTIOC06HTb CBOH TeM6p K fi0Tpe6HOCTH HC~ nOJTHeHH5L

Ew.e 60J1bwee 3HaLLeHHe HMeeT cnoco6HOCTb nesua r116Ko H3Me­

HHTb CBOH TeM6p B XOpOBOM HCnOJlHHTeJlbCTBe, B KOTOpOM KpacoTa

3 By4a HHH H rpOM KOCTb KaiKJl.OfO fOJlOCa Jl.OJHK Hbl nOll4li HHTbCH 06lUe· MY aHcaMt'LllO. KpoMe roro, a CHJTY TOH >Ke cnem~¢n-1KH xoposoro nc­

noJIHHTe~lhCTBa, 3a KJlKl4 al01UeHCH B KOJ1~1 eKTHBHOCTH neH HH, Kpacora

TeM6pa napTHH B ue~10M, paBHO KaK H .D.HH3MHKa 1 MO>KeT CT.aTb pe-

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HOH CHJ1bL

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cpopM H poBa HHH HY>K HOfO TeM6pa Ka IK.Il.bl M neB UOM B OT JI.eJihHOCTH.

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o6pa3a o6R3aTe.llbHD c.n.en aeT MY 3b1Ka~1 bHYFO Mbl CJTb pacnJTbl B4aTOH

H Hey6eJI.HTeJ1bHOH.

8 TeXHYil!eCJ<OM OTHOWei-JHI-1 nepeMeHa TE'M6pa 3.aBHCHT OT nepeME'·

HbJ £f:JopMb1 pTa, OT T04eK ynopa 3BYKOBb1X f~•)JTH B TBepJI.Oe He6o,

OT MHMHKH, BbtpatKeHHH J1HUa nolOw;ero. ECJII1 3BYKOBhie BOJ1Hbl

Ha npa BHTb B TBep.noe He6o BnepeJI,, TO 3 BYK CTa HeT 6o.r1ee OTKph!TbJM,

TO eCTb npHo6peTeT 6oJ1ee CBeTJlYfO OKpacKy; eCJTH >Ke 3BYKOBhie

BOJlHbl HanpaBHTb B TBep.noe He6o Ha3aJI., TO 3BYK C.LJ.eJ1aeTCR 3aKpbl­

TblM, rJiyXHM. 8 CBOlO 04epe.Lib, H3MeHeHHe T04!2K ynopa 3BYKOBh!X

BOJIH B 6oJ1bWOH CTeneHH 3aBHCI1T or ¢opMbl pra. TaK, ecJlH orr<pb!Th

poT B eepTHKaJ1bHOM nOJTO>KeHHH, TO 3BYK TID.llY411"TCH 3aKpb1TbiH;

1" R 0.1 K o El c K rJ i1 C. M. Bb1pa3YJTeJJbHoe c:Jiol:io. Cno., 1913, c. 88 -89.

39

eCJTH /Ke OTKpblTh pOT B WHpHHy, TO 3BYK CTaHeT OTKpbiTb!M. npH

11pOMe/KyT04 H blX nOJ10/KeH HHX pTa 3 syK, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, rrpH06pe­

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-~0

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17 n p R H H w H H l< 0 a M. n CoaeTbl o6yqaiOW.H'-'lCH llri!HIO. M., 1958, c. 62.

41

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42

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4-3

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pyKOBOAHTeJJH o6'bHCHHTh xopy HY)f{HbJH xapaKTep 3BY4HOCTH.

B 3d. r\JII04eHMe o6paTHM BHHM a HHe Ha To, 4TO B xoposoM 3BYl.l a HHH

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OAHOH H3 xopoBbiX napTHiL Han pH Mep, ecJ1H Bblll.eJIHeTCH 6acosaH

rrapTHH, TO rrpH JlOCTerreHHOM yMeHbWeHHH HpKOCTH BepXHH X ['QJIOCOB

C03AaeTCH BITe48T JleHHe nOJ1 HOfO, 06oeM HOfO H ¢'YHJI..a MeHTaJ1 bHOro

xoposoro 3BY43HMH. EcJJM Me Bbr,n,eJIHeTCH corrpaHOBaH napTHH (rrprr

3HaJIOfi14HOM npHKpb!THH HH/KHHX ['QJ10COB), B03HHKaeT BJle4aTneHMe

JierKoro, rrpo3 pa4Horo 3BY4 a HMH. ApTHKY~HUHH. B HayKe o H3WKe rro.u TepMHHOM «apTHKYJIHUMH».

Jl0ll.pa3yMeBaeTC~ CTeJTeHh HCHOCTH, paCI..(JieHeHHOCTH CJIOfOB npH Bbl­

rosapHBaHHH CJ10Ba. no)l. apTHKYJIHUHeii B MY3b1Ke CJieayeT JlOHHMaTb

CTIOC:06 «np01-13HOWeHJ.HI» MeJlO..a,HH C TOH HJJH HHOH CTeneHbiO p.aClJJie­

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KpeiHO peaJirr3yercH s wrprrxax - nprre Max H3BJie4emu:r 1-1 BeJI.ei-IHH

3ByKa. ApTMKynHUHH HBJlHeTCH secbMa sa>KHbLM H CHJlbHbiM cpe.ucTBOM

MY3b1KaJibHOH BbJ pa3MTeJ1 bHOCTH, Bb!CTynaJOll.l,M M B o,n,HOM pHAY c

TaKMMH, KaK MeJ10.IlHH, rapMoHHH, pMTM, ¢laKTypa, TeMrr, .llMH3MMKa,

TeM6p. flJIH TOrO 4T06hi OC03HaTb 3Ha4eHHe apTHKYJ1HUHH, )J.OCTaT04HO,

HarrpMMep, B npoH3BeAeHI-IH OCTporo, OTpbiBHCTOfO x.apaKTepal COX­

paHHB H€-H3MeHHbiM ero MeJIO..a,HEOI pHTM, rapMOHHIO, <f:laKTYPY~ H3Me­

HI1Tb JIMll.tb UlTpHX, CJlHrOBaB Me)f{)J.y C060H 3BYK11 11Jll1 3KKOpJJ.bl.

00HHTHO, liTO B 3TOM CJlyllae xapaKTep C04HHeHHH HCK83HTCH JJ.O

Hey3Ha Bae MOCTM.

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113 06JI3.CTI1 HHCTpyMeHT3JlbHOro, H B 4aCfHOCtl1 CMbl4KOBOrO, HCTIOJI­

HHTeJihCTBa, B KOTOpOM MCnOJib3YIOTCH B OCHOBHOM Ta KHe rrpHeMbJ

3BYl<OBe,ll.eHHH, K3K legato 11 staccatO. DepeHeCeHHbte B BOKaJihHO­

XOpOBOe HCnOJlHHteJibCTBO, OHM yKa3biBaJOT Ha He06XO!l.I-IMOCih M3KOi­

M3JlbHOfO npH6Jl~-ttKeHH~ npHeMos eoK.aJJ bHoro 3 eyKoBeJI.el-l!-1~ K op­

KecTposbrM.

W KaJ1a CTerreHeH CJ111THOCTH H paC4J1eHeHHOCTH, npOCTH paEOll.l,aHCH

44

OT leg atissi mo ( !'.1a Koi M aJibHOH CJUITHOCTJ.t: 3BYKOB) .li.O S tacca tissimo (MaKCHMaJJbHOA KpaTKOCTH HX), o6~4HO ycnOBHO pa3.[l.e~HfTCH Ha

TPH OTMeYeHHbJe Bbtwe 301-tbl - c~11HHOCTb 3BfKOB (legato), HX pac-

4ne HeHHOCTb (non legato) H KpaTKOCTb (Staccato), Ka)'f{)1.3A H3 KO­

TOpb!X BKnEOYaeT ueJJhiH pA.ll rpa.ll.aUHH. ·

Cf>yHKUHH apntKYJlRIJ;HH MHQroo6pa3Hbl H TeCHO CBH3aHbl C pMiMH-

4eCKHMJ.t:, JI.HHaMH4eCKHMH, TeM6pOBbJMH H HeKOTOpblMH ApyrHMH

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TepoM MY3biKaJibHoro npo113BeaeHHR. HenocpeJI.CTBeHHan CBH3b apnt­

KYJIHIJ;HH c p11TMHKOH noHHTHa: ae.llb BcerJI.a aprHKYJlHpyercR He4ro,

11MeJOruee p11TMH4eCKYEO >KI13Hb. .ll.'111TfJ1bHOCTb 3By4arueH 4aCTI1,

npO.!J.OJ1/KI1TenbHOCTb pac4~1e HHJOllleH 3ByKoByJO TKa H b nay3bl B Ta KOH

>Ke CTeneHH OTHOCHTCH K pHT!'-1y, KaK H K apTHKy.'lHUJ.t:H.

He MeHee TecHoH · ABJIHeTcA CBH3b apTHKYJJRL.J,HH H .!J.HHa:\oiHKI1.

TaK., HanpuMep, ysenH4eHHe 3By4awet! 4aCTH o6o3Ha4eHHbJX B HOTax

.LIJIHTfJJbHOCTeH H CBA38HHOe C 3THM COKp31llfHHe pa3Mepa Ue3yp

:\olf>K.[l.y 3ByKaMI1 npHBO.[l.HT K ysenl14fHI110 KOJII14eCTBa 3By4aHI1A B

e.[l.HH11UY spe!1.1eHH, H" Hao6opoT ·-- y:\oleHbWeHHe 3By4aUieH 43CTH .U.JIH­

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K0,1H4ecrBa 3By4aHHH, 4TO MO>KeT BocnpHHH:\olaTbCR KaK yc11neHHe

HJIH ocna6neHue 3BY4 HOCTH H co3.aa BaTh sneYaT.'leHue crescendo HJIH

diminuendo.

CyurecTsyeT H apyraH CBH3b aprHKYJIHIJ;J.t:H H AHHa MHKH. YacTo

COeJl.HHeHHe HJJH pa C4J1eHe H He 3BYKOB Tpe6yeT cnell,HQ:m4eCKOf0 lllTpM­

Xa, KOTOpbiH OKa3biBaeT HEIJOCpe!l.CTBeHHOE BJlHHHTie Ha xapaKTep JIM­

H3MI1KH. TaK, MOMeHT scTynJieHHR co csoticrseHHOH eMy araKoH 3ByKa

C03JLaeT ourymeH He a prHJ<yJISlUHo H Hom noJI.4epK 11 BaH!Hl. 3ByK, BCTY­

naEOrUHH nOCJJf l.l;f3ypb1, TaK>Ke MO>KeT BOCnpHHH:\olaTbCR B KOHTpaCTf

C npe.!J.WfCTBYEOW.H M eMy MOJ143 HHf:\>1 Ka K a KL.J,e HT H pOBa HH b!~L WTpHx caMbJM HenocpeJI.CTBeHHbiM o6pa30M cBR3aH c Te:\olnoM: BO­

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HOM Te:\olne; BO-BTOpblx, CBOHM xapaKTepoM wTpHx o6ocHOBb!BaeT

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:\oly, 4TO noHcK HY)KHoro TeMrra, noHH:\olaeMoro a6cTpaKTHO KaK HeKaH

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HHH. Bocnpoi13BOAA 3-TY MaHepy, MO>KHO Bhi3BaTb B soo6paJKeHHH

CJlywaTeJlA TO H~l1 11HOe 3By4aHMe TO~bKO 4epe3 HCnO~HJ.t:TeJJbCKOe

«npoH3HOllleHHe» !>1eJIO.B:HH. 3ToT MOMeHT .m-tpH>Kepy c.'le.llyeT Y4HThi­

BaTb npH H HTepnpeTaiJ;HH pa3Hb!X JKaHpOB H CTH.'lfH.

He MeHbWYJO. po.'lb Hrpaer 3.U.ecb HcnoJIHHrenbcKoe ow.yweHHe

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HHA, CBH3H aprHKYJJHUHH C rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHh1MH H .llpyrHMH H306pa·

45

3HTeJihHhiM H MOMeHTaM H, C 3MOU.HOH3J1 bHOH Bbl pa3 HTe[lhHOCThlO

rrpoH3HeceHHH TeKcTa. TaK, Bhi6op wTpl1xa MOIK.eT 3aBHCeTb oT Toro,

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HYJO uosecTBOBaTeJlhHOCTh.

ApTHKYJ!HUHH MO)KeT BblflOJ!H HTh cpy HKUHJO aKycntLJeCKyfO, ITOMO­

rafl HCITOJIH HTeJIK) rrpHBeCTH 3BY4 a HHe B COOTBeTCTBJ1e C aKyCTH-

4eCKHMH CBOHCTBaMH KOHuepTHoro 3a.r1a. EcJ1H 3aJ1y csoi1cTBeHHa

60JibWaH pesep6epaL.J.HH, TO OT}J;eJibHb1e MOMeHThl 3By4aHHH CMeWH·

BafOTCfl, HaflJTh!B3JOT .LI.pyr Ha JJ:pyra. noJih30BaHHe npH TaKOH 3KYCTH·

Ke r .r1y6oKJ1 M legato MOIK.eT JIHWJ1Tb MY3b1 K3Jl bHYJO TK3 Hb fiCHOCTH.

B 3THX ycJIOBl1HX ueJlecoo6pa3Ho BMecTo ocHOBHoro npol13HoweHHfl

legato nocTaBHTb 10r legato, KOTopoe 6y.n,eT 3ByLJaTb CJll1THO H

HCHO. 8 noMelll;eHHH C 60JibWOH pesep6epaU.J1eM l1CflOJ!H HTeJ!fO CJletJ,yeT

o6paTHTh oco6oe BHHMaHwe Ha u.e3yphi. Pac4J1eHHEOI.ll;eH: 3ByKosyEO

TKaHb nay3e rrpH TaKOH aKyCTHKe JJ:OJDKH3 6b1Tb npHJJ:aHa JJ:OCTaTOlJ­

HaH liJlHTeJl bHOCTb.

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apTHKYJlfiUHfl MQ}f(eT He TOJlbKO 1LpHcnoca6J1HBaTbCfl K aKyCTHKe, HO

TaK)I{e caMa, CBOHMH cpellCTBaMH Bbi3biBaTb y cJiywaTeJlH npencras­

JleHMe o6 onpet~,eJieHHOH aKycTHKe. TaK, Hanpl1Mep, iliTpHXOM

rnarcato (o603HaLJaeMhiM HHOr.LI.a B HOTHOH 33flHCH KOpOTKOH BHJlOLJKOH

ITO)], HOTOH), KOTOpblH Bbipa }f( aeTCH B 3 By4a HHH He60J1hW H M a KUeHTOM

C nOCJ1e.llyiOLLI.H M diminuendo, H a nOM HHaK)lli;HM 34l<fleKT «3XO», MOMHO

C03.ll3Th sne4aTJieHHe OTAaneHHoro, .ll.OJleTaEOLUero CKB03h npocT­

paHcTso 3By4aHHH.

ApTHKYJ1AU.Hfi o611anaeT H ApKo Bhipa)Kei-H-fbiMH q,opMoo6pa3yJO­

IUHMH cpyHKUHHMH. ITpHMeHeHHeM legato 11 staccato MoJKHO no.LI.4ep­

KHBaTb KOHTpacTHOCTb, npOTHBOITOCTaBJieHHe MOTHBOB, <flpa3, npeAJIO­

JKeHHH, nepHO,D,OB. lfaCTO pa3JUflJHhrMH apTHKYJlfJUHOHHbJMH cpe,D,CTBa­

MH OKpaWHBaeTCH pa3Hh!H TCMaTH4eCKHH MaTepHaJl (Hanpl1Mep,

BCTynJ1eHHe H HaLJaJlO H3J10}f(eHHH, cpe,ll,HHfl 43CTb H penpH3a H T. JJ..), n0114epKHBaJOTCfl onpe11e.r1eHHble cTopoHhi BHyTpeHHew CTPYKTYPhi MeJ10llHH, s 4aCTHOCTH pHTMH4eCKOH. EcJIH llBHMeHwe MeJIO.LI.HH CKJia­

AbJBaeTCH H3 ABYX COCellHHX pHTMH4eCKHX KaTeropHH -- THna WeCT­

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TO B 60JibWHHCTBe CJly4aeB MeJlKHe ,ll,J1HTeJ!bHOCTH HCILOJIHHJOTCH

legato, a 6oJJee KpynHbie - non legato. 3TOT cnoco6 apnn<y.rmpo­

saHHH, CBO.ll.Hlli;HHCfl K paC4J1eHeHJ1JO fiOJ1bWHX .ll.J1HTeJ1bHOCTeH Ha

<PoHe CBfi33HI-IblX MeE-IhWHX, 4aCTO BHOCHT ACHOCTh B flOJlH<POHH·

4eCKYIO cTpyKTYPY MeJlOllHH. ApTHKYJ1Huwei1 MOMHO non4epKHYTb w

HeKOTOpb1e CTOpOHhi HHTOHaiJ,HOHHOH CTPYKTYPhi MeJIOllHH. nocKOJibKY

B MeJlOtJ,JfH HaH60Jiee 1.(3CTO npOTHBOnOCT3BJlfl:JOTCH 11B3 THna liBH}f(e­

HHH - CeKyH,D,OBOe H 110 3BYK3 M a KKOplla, MOMHO YCHJIH"Tb 3TO

rrpOTHBOnOCTaBJleHHe, HCnOJlHfiH nepsoe H3 HJ1X np11eMOM regato, a BTO·

poe-·- non legato.

11 see M.e r J1aBHafl QJYHKU.HH a pTHKYJifl u.ww - pac4JieHeHwe HJlH

CBH3~BaHHe MY3WKaJ1hHOH TKaHH npoH3Be)J.eHHH. B OtJ.HHX cJiy4aHx

46

apTHKynHUHOHHaR ~e3ypa COBna~aeT C CHHTaKCHYeCKHM pac4neHe­

HHeM TeKCTa, B ,npyrHX - He COBna.QaeT, a BBO.ll,HTCR HCnOnHI1TeJleM

MH no,n,4epKHBa HH5l eM wcJIOBh1X, o6pa3Hh1X, ncwxonorMYecKHX

MOMeHTOB.

OcTaHOBHMcs::r Ha HeKorophlx TexHoJiorH4eCKHX MOMeHTax BblnOJIHe­

HwR wrpwxos. OcHOBHafl <flopMa BOKaJibHoro 3BYKOBe,neHHH -

legato, HcKyccrso legato CBH3aHo c HaBbiKOM nna BHoro H pasHoMep­

Horo pacnpe,n,eneHHSl neBUOM 3BYKOBOrO fiOTOKa OT TOHa K TOHy,

OT CJlOra K CJlOry 6e3 HapyweHI1H e!l11HOH nesYeCKOH Jli1HHH, 6e3

nepepblsa MJIH TOJI4 Ka. HecMOTpH Ha 113MeHeH 11e BhlCOThl 3 ByKa,

pa3JIH 4He B npOH3 HOWeHHH f JiaCHblX l1 cor JiaCHhlX, paC4JieHeHHOCTb

CMe>KHhlX 3BYKOB H cnorOB ,ll,OniKHa 6b1Tb MHHHManbHOH. llns::r 3TOfO

He06XO!lHMO, 4T06b1 r JlaC Hb!e nponeBaJl HCb B03MOMHO npOTRJKHee, B

TO BpeMR KaK I1p0113HOWeHI1e COrJiaCHbiX !lOJIJKHO 6b!Tb upe)J.eJibHO

T04HblM H 6b!CTpb!M. B TaKoM cJiyYae B03HHKaeT olliyW.eHwe, 4TO

r JiacHaH Ka IK~oro en ora nepeJIHBaeTcH B r JiacHyKJ nocne.QyKJw,ero,

o6pa3yH HenpephlBHyJO, CKB03HYKJ BOK3JlbHO-pe4eByKJ nHHHJO. il11pH­

>Kepy HY>KHO HMeTb s BH!ly, 4TO 6oJJee cuoKOiiHoe, nJlaBHoe H

uocTeneHHOe .QBI1JKeHI1e MeJIO~HI1 o6Jier4aeT BbiTIOJIHeHHe legato,

a CK34K006pa3HOe - 3HalJHTeJihHO OCJIOJKHHeT era.

Ha H6oJJee 6JJaron pHRT Hble yc.r10BHH JI.nfl wcnoJIHeHHfl legato B03-

H11KaJOT npH ueHHH c 3a Kpb!ThJM pTOM 11.r1 11 Ha H36pa HH b!H r Jl acHwii

3BYK HJlH CJlOr (BOKaJI113). 0TCYTCTBI1e rJlaCHhlX CB0)1.11T B 3TOM cJiyYae

onaCHOCTb TOJ14KOB K MHHHMyMy. EcnH npH neHHH Ha fJlaCHYJO xoposas::r

napTHH Ha4HHaeT «nJib!Th», TepHSl CBOKJ pHTMH4eCKYKJ onpe.QeJieH­

HOCTh, K f naBHOMY 3BYKY npH6a BJISIKJT COHOpHblli COf nac Hblli.

HaH 6oJJee yuoTpe611 Mhi cor nacHb!e ..w, H, A, 3 By4 a wHe B ueHI111 II04TI1

TaK JKe BOKa.llbHO, KaK H r JiaCHb!e. yf3 3BOHKI1X 1COf JiaCHblX 11 HOr D..a

npHMeHHKJTCH iJ H 3, a H3 rJlyXHX - K (TOJlbKO B C04eT3HHH C y KaK

caMOH THXOH H3 fJiaCHb!X) 11 04eHb pe)J.KO -~ T. neHHe Ha CJIOf npH­

MeHHeTCSl H B TeX CJiy~aHX, KOf.ll,a B03HHKaeT onaCHOCTb «CMa3W­

BaHHR» OT,ileJlbHbiX 3BYKOB, OC06eHHO B H11CXO.ll.RWeM MeJlO,ilH4eCKOM

D..BHJKeHI111 glissando H portamento, np11 nepexo.ne OT O)J.HOro 3ByKa K

.QpyroMy, 4TO Bbl3b!B aeT OlliyllieHHe C.lla Ula BOCTH, MaHepHOCTI1 lleHHH

H ~pyrHX HeD..OCTaTKOB, THfiH4Hb!X .QJl.Sl HCnOnHeHHH legato.

HeMano wcKyccTsa H soKanhHOH TpeH HpoBKH Tpe6yer HcnoJIHeHwe

non legato. ~ho OAHH H3 TPY!lHeHwHx WTPHXOB B BOKaJlbHOM HC­

KYCCTBe, nOCKOJlbKY TeXHHKa era HCnOJIHeHHfl COll.ep)J{HT B ce6e 3Jle­

MeHTbl legato H staccato, HaXO!lflillHeC..fJ B onpe,!leJieHHOM COOTHOWe­

HHH MeiK!lY C060H. YiMeHHO HaJIH4He TaKoro .nyaJlH3Ma o6ycJIOBJ1H­

BaeT ero cneu11cpJ1l-1 HOCTb. 3syKl1, COCTa BJIHJOW,He MeJIO.[lHlJeCKYKJ

Jli1HHJO npH non legato, TepHJOT CBOJO HeupepblBHOCTb H o6peTaEOT

OTHOCHTeJibHYKl CaMOCTOHTeJibHOCTb. KaM.QblH 3BYK MaKCHManbHO

Bbl,ilep}KaH BO speMeHH H OT,ileJIHeTCH OT CJle.LJ;yKJw,ero He60JibWOJ1

ue3ypoi1 c noMOllibEO KOpoTKoi1 3a.QepJKKI1 D..hlXaHHH. B MoMeHT 3a­

aepJKKH rOJIOC, 6Jia ro.na pH coxpa HeHHJO BOKaJibHoii no3H~HH, M rHo­

BeHHO, 6e3 «nO!lne3,ll,OB» nepecTpaHsaeTCH 'Ha HOBb!H 3ByK. 0.QHaKO

ow.yw,eHHe 4eTKOH aTaK11 K8JK!l0H HOTbl D..OJlJKHO coxpaHI1TbCH.

47

noJiee }l<eCTKHM, 4eM non legato, HBJJHeTcH wTpHx marcato,

03Ha 4 aEOUlH H f10114epKHYTOe, OT4eT JIH BOe l1CITOJ1 HeHHe Ka IK.llOM HOTbL

XapaKrepH3yeTcH OH reM, 4TO 3TO n~~yepKHBaHHe aocrHraerc~ He c

flOMOW,bEO nay3 MeJK.llY 3ByKaMH, a nocpe,LJ,CTBOM aKUeHTa.

BoKaJibHoe MacrepcTBO HcnOJIHeHHH staccato 3aKJJJ04aeTCR B

Ma KCHM aJlbHOM COKpa WeHHH rrpO.ll0Jli-KJ.1TeJibHOCTH 3BYKOB H yBeJIHLle­

IIHH nay3 :.1eiK,LJ,Y IIH MH 6e3 3ana3.ll.bJBaHHH pHTMH4eCKOfO .llBHJKeHHH

BO Bpe:;.,eHH. Heco6JJJO.lleHHe 3Toro ycJJOBHR Be.LJ.eT K HapyweHHJO

MeTpopHTMJ14eCKOH nyJibC3 LlHH H HeJ10rH 4HbiM li3MeHeHHH :.1 Te:-1 na.

3ByKOBOH nOTOK, HCflOJIIIReMhlH staccato, CJJe~yeT TpaKTOBaTb KaK

eAHHYJO U.eJIOCTHYJO JIHHHJO Ha OJI.IIOH nes4eCKOH f103HUHH 6e3 nepe­

MeHh1 .llh1xaHHR MeM.ll.Y OT.ll.eJibHh1MH TOHaMH. ITo3TOMY npH neiiHH

staccato He cJie.n.yeT KaJK~biM 3BYK o6pa30Bbl BaTb 3aHOBO. A TaKa

3)lecb npowcxonHr nocpencrBOM aKTHBHoro H ocTporo TOJI4Ka n~a­

<jlpar:.1hJ B C04eTaHHJ1 C MHfKOM, HO aKTHBHOM peaKUHeH rOpTaHH.

04eHb Ba}I<HO, 4T06bl nay3a MeJK,LJ,y 3ByKaMJ1 .llOCTHfaJJaCb He C

nOMOllibJO 3aMbJKaHHH rGJlOCOBOH W,eJIH, 4TO HeH36e/KHO Be~eT K

pe3KOMy, T~MeJIOMy, M3CCHBHOMY 3ByKy, a JIHWb pa60TOH ,LJ,Ha<jlparMbl

Ha 3anepiKaHHO:>A nhiX3HHH. fOJlOC Ha staccato .UOJD-Kell 3BYLJ8Tb yn­pyro, 11erKO li Herp0:.1KO. oOJJbW a.fl rpoM KOCTb HeH36emHO fTOBJ1e-

4eT 3a co6oii: yse.r1 H LteHHe M acchl 3ByKa, a B:.1ecre c He H. H noTeplO

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48

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49

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50

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51

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JJ.HH)Kei!He HJJH I!0)14epKHYTb pacLJ:.1eHeHHOCTh ¢pa3 MemAy co6ol1. B

52

JTOCJTe!IHeM CJTyqae BBOllHTCSl KOpOTK3fl rray3a - Ue3ypa, KOTOpaSI

MOJKeT BbiiTOJJH:RTE:.CSl !IBYMSl cnoco6aMH - nocpeD.CTBOM CMeHbl llb1Xa­

HI1H HJ111 H8 OD.HOM D.blX8HH11, HO C KOpOTKHM nepepblBOM 3ByKa.

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lf1pa3bl 3aHHMalOT y HHX CJIHWKOM MHOrO BpeMeHH, B pe3yJJhT8TE

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npe.LJ;wecTBYIOWeH: cppa3bl, a He 3a cLJeT 3aJl.ep)f{ KH nocJie.LJ;yiOruel1.

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pOJib, B03 MO>KHOCTb ee BOCTIHTa H HH )],0 CHX nop TIOJI.Bepr 3HJTCfJ

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4TO cBOH HcnoJ1HHTeJlbCKHe HaMepeHHH AHPH>Kep Mo>KeT nepe.ll.aBaTb

He TOJlbKO nocpe,[J,CTBOM Ma HyaJlbHOH TeXHHKH, HO H npH flOMOlU,H

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HMEHHO 3TH cpe.acTBa. BTopaH npH4HHa - oTcyTcTBHe B .aHpmKepcKoM

HCKYCCTBe Henocpe.[ICTBEHHOH CBH3H Me>K.ay ABH>KeHHeM pyKH H 3BYKO­

Bb!M pe3yJihTaTOM. 0JI.HY H TY me CHJlY 3 ByKa, Hanp HMep, .AH pH >Kep

MOJKeT noJly4HTb CosepweHHO pa3JlH4HblMH npHeMaMH, HCTIOJib3YH

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HHH BHOCJ1T eme 60JlbWYHJ nyTaHHUY BO B3fJIHJl.b1 Ha era po.llb.

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HHX, ABHr aTeJl bHblX npOHBJieHHHX. ECJIH B HHcTpyMe HT 8J1hHO M HC­

nOJIHHTeJlbCTBe lJepe3 .llBH rareJihHyJO, MOTOPHYlO cf>YHKUHKJ npoHc­

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M a JJ b K o H. OcHORbl T0XKI-IKH Ati)Hl»:HpoBaHmL M.-.n., 1965. c. 20.

54

Bbl (TaKTOBOH CXeMbJ), no KOTOpOH HCnOJ1HHTeJibCKHH KQJJJieKTHB

BDCnpDH3BOAHT My3WK3JlbH~~ pHCyHOK. 3ra ¢YHKUHR QTC4eTa npH

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o6pa3Hb!H Jti.eCT MO/KeT fiO,U.CKa3aTb TOJlbl\0 B,U.OXHOBeHHe, l[YBCTBO,

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3peHHR HeJihJH corJiaCHTbCR. TexHHKa .LJ.HpH>KHposaHHH KaK onHa H3 B H€'WHHX cPOPM npDHBJieHH R HCnOJ1 HHT€'.11 bCKOfO npouecCa, KaK

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cpe,ll,CTBO B03AeHCTBHH Ha HCnOJIHHTeJ1eH MOMeT H llOJI/KHa 6bJTb

npe,ll,M€'TOM H3y4eHHR.

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2 4 e c !I 0 K 0 B fl. r. Xop H ynpaBm~HH€ HM- M.. 1965, c. l44 --- 145 .• 3 By ll feHp~-t. 0 .!l~-'~P~-'~*~-'~POBaH~-t~-t. M .. 1958, c. 12 1-1 56.

55

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56

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58

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59

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70

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71

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72

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~ 1li T p a y c P. J.13 llQ{'IlOMHH<tHHi1. CoB. MY3b1Ka. 1964, No:? 6, c. 96.

74

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75

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