ix. dinamika okusa i - unizg.hrpicek/fec_ii-16_09.pdf · 17 prof. m.a. thomson michaelmas 2011...
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IX. Dinamika okusa I
KVARKOVSKI OKUSI - CKM MIJEŠANJE
LEPTONSKI OKUSI - PMNS MIJEŠANJE
FIZIKA OKUSA kao OKUS FIZIKE
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Konvencija predznaka za KVARKOVSKE OKUSE
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& konvencija za predznak OKUSA MEZONA
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KVARKOVSKI OKUSI & CKM MIJEŠANJE
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Kvarkovsko miješanje i CKM-matrica
(Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa)
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Slabi raspadi temeljnih fermiona -inačice raspada miona (FEČ §6.3)
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Uočavamo hijerarhijsku strukturu – dominanta je interakcija između kvarkova iste generacije
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FIZIKALNA STANJA NEUTRALNIH KAONA
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RASPAD KAONA U PIONE
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CP NARUŠENJE U SUSTAVU NEUTRALNIH KAONA
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NEIZRAVNO I IZRAVNO (DIREKTNO) CP NARUŠENJE
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CP PARAMETAR MIJEŠANJA
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Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2011 15
Neutral Kaon Decays to Leptons
•Neutral kaons can also decay to leptons
•Note: the final states are not CP eigenstates
which is why we express these decays in terms of
• Neutral kaons propagate as combined eigenstates of weak + strong
interaction i.e. the . The main decay modes/branching fractions are:
•Leptonic decays are more likely for the K-long because the three pion decay
modes have a lower decay rate than the two pion modes of the K-short
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Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2011 17
•The “semi-leptonic” decay rate to occurs from the state. Hence
to calculate the expected decay rate, need to know the component of the
wave-function. For example, for a beam which was initially we have (1)
•Writing in terms of
•The intensity (i.e. fraction):
•Because a state that was initially a evolves
with time into a mixture of and - “strangeness oscillations”
•Similarly
(2)
(3)
Strangeness Oscillations (neglecting CP violation)
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Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2011 18
•Using the identity
•Reminiscent of neutrino oscillations ! Only this time we have decaying states.
•Oscillations between neutral kaon states with frequency given by the
mass splitting
•Using equations (2) and (3):
(4)
(5)
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Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2011 19
• Experimentally we find:
i.e. the K-long mass is greater than the K-short by 1 part in 1016
• The mass difference corresponds to an oscillation period of
• The oscillation period is relatively long compared to the KS lifetime and
consequently, do not observe very pronounced oscillations
After a few KS lifetimes, left with a pure KL
beam which is half K0 and half K0
and
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Narušenje CP pariteta, VREMENSKE MIKROOBRATIVOSTI
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FCNC u rijetkim raspadima arXiv:1501.04838
Prvi rezultati CMS i LHCb:
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Osjetljivost na “NP”
BNL E787/E949 mjere omjer grananja
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KVARKOVSKI OKUSI & CKM MIJEŠANJE
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Prof. M.A. Thomson Michaelmas 2011 24
Neutrinske oscilacije i mase neutrina
It is simple to extend this treatment to three generations of neutrinos.
In this case we have:
The 3x3 Unitary matrix is known as the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata
matrix, usually abbreviated PMNS
•Using
gives
Note : has to be unitary to conserve probability