IWRM and regional diversity in Brazil: an adaptive management opportunity or constraint?

Osman Fernandes da SilvaMarseille March 14, 2012

SURFACE WATER AVAILABILITYMEDIUM PRECIPITATION

INDEX OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - IHDDEMOGRAPHIC DENSITYSOCIOECONOMICAL ASPECTS

IHD Rank *84° - Brazil - 0.71820° - France - 0.884

Estimates for 2011. (Source: Wikipedia)

LEGENDMunicipal IHD

no information

BRAZIL - CHARACTERIZATION

• Area: 8,57 million Km²• Population: 192.376.496 (2011)

LEGENDSpecific Runoff (l/s/Km²)

< 2

2 to 4

4 to 10

10 to 20

20 to 40

> 40

• WRM is under 28 jurisdictions (so, we have 28 water management systems)

• Multiple rules and procedures for management, operation and regulation

• Around 75% of Brazil’s territory is compounded by shared interstate river basins.

BRAZILIAN FEDERAL CONSTITUTION (1988)

Federal Jurisdiction(surface waters) State Jurisdiction(surface and groundwater)

State Rivers 526.825 km

Federal Rivers 105.810 km

National Water Resources Management System

National Water Resources Management System

• Shared management: is necessary to coordinate and organize the water governance at some levels• Fundament: clear division of competences and responsabilities (Subsidiarity Principle ‘Institutional’)• Governance: is necessary to evolve and insert representative actors in the process (stakeholders).• Requisites: resilient institutions, collaborative efforts and sound capacity at all levels.

MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE

Horizontal Descentralization

Horizontal

Descentralization

BRAZILIAN WATER AGENCY

Vertical

Descentralization

The Core Political Process: to facilitate a better understanding of water issues by political decision-makers, including sectors outside the water sector, and to help give greater consideration to these issues at all levels of decision-making. (http://www.worldwaterforum6.org/index.php?id=18)

GOVERNANCE & GOVERNABILITY

• MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS

• ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

• INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

CROSS-SECTORIAL INTEGRATION

WATERAND

SANIT- ATION

Source: Adapted by “Training manual on water integrity” (2009)

WATERFOR

NATURE

WATERAND

ENERGY

WATERFOR

INDUS-TRY AND

OTHER USES

WATERFOR

FOOD

GOVERNANCE DIVERSITY IN BRAZILPROBLEM

High degree of wastewater pollution

Very high water demand/availability

CHARACTERISATIONHighly urban-industrialized basinHigh IHD rankHigh level of social organization

SOLUTIONPCJ Basin Committee Water/Basin AgencyImplementation of all manag. instruments

1

2Low-medium degree of

wastewater and agricultural pollution

Medium water demand/availability

Urban-rural basinHydroelectric power generationMedium IHD rankMedium level of social organization

Rio Grande BasinCommittee Office of WaterImplementation of part of the manag. inst

3Low degree of pollution, but

eutrophised reservoirsVery high water

demand/availability

Rural basinLow IHD rankLow level of social organization in the committee, but high level of social organisation in the “Reservoirs Management Commission” (water allocation)

Piranhas-Açu BasinCommittee Reservoirs Management CommissionImplement a few instr.

NATIONAL UNITS FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

12 Hydrographic Regions and

27 States Limits

PCJ Committee Basin

Rio Grande Committee Basin

Piranhas-AçuCommittee Basin

• The institutions created to promote IWRM must reflect regional/local conditions, like:– types of water related problems– level of social organization (or its potential)– financial capacity to support the actions– public authority’s technical capacity

• IWRM and regional diversity in Brazil: an adaptive management opportunity or constraint?

Conclusion

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Thank you!

Osman Fernandes da SilvaWater Resources Expert

osman.silva@ana.gov.br | (+55) (61) 2109 –5438

www.ana.gov.br