iwm case studies and the use of lca in countries with developing economies dr. forbes mcdougall
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IWM case studies and the use ofLCA in countries with developing economies
Dr. Forbes McDougall
![Page 2: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sustainability is :
Environmentallyeffective
Economicallyaffordable
Sociallyacceptable
SUSTAINABILITY
a balance between the needs of the Environment, the Economy and Society
![Page 3: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Environmentally effective Environmentally effective
• Economically affordable Economically affordable • Socially acceptable Socially acceptable
Sustainable Waste Management needs to be :
![Page 4: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Accepting the concept of an integrated approach to solid waste management
• Using a Life Cycle Assessment tool (computer model) to optimise the integrated waste management system
Sustainable solid waste management systems can be engineered by:
![Page 5: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• IWM takes an overall approach and manages waste in an environmentally effective and economically affordable way.
• IWM involves the use of a range of different treatment options at a local level.
• IWM considers the entire solid waste stream.
The concept of Integrated Waste Management
![Page 6: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Integrated Waste Management includes:
MATERIALSMATERIALS RECYCLINGRECYCLING
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALTREATMENTTREATMENT
THERMAL THERMAL TREATMENTTREATMENT LANDFILLLANDFILL
COLLECTIONCOLLECTION&&
SORTINGSORTING
![Page 7: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WASTEPublic health issues
WASTEMANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
Optimisation of waste management practices
COLLECTION&
SORTING
MATERIALS
RECYCLING
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
THERMAL
TREATMENT LANDFILL
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Optimisation of resource use
MANAGEMENT
RESOURCES
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
COLLECTION&
SORTING
MATERIALS
RECYCLING
THERMAL
TREATMENTLANDFILL
Optimise waste management Larger than waste management
Waste Management evolution
![Page 8: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Study: Towards the Integrated Management of Municipal Solid Waste
• Study carried out in 1998
• The aim was to characterize 'leading edge' waste management systems in Europe
• To identify factors that influenced system development
![Page 9: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Study overview
• 11 Systems - not statistically representative
Brescia, Italy
Hampshire, UK
Malmö, Sweden
Pamplona, Spain
Prato, Italy
Vienna, Austria
Helsinki, Finland
Copenhagen, Denmark
Saarbrücken, Germany
Lahn-Dill-Kreis, Germany
Zürich, Switzerland
![Page 10: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Quantitative data comparison
Differences in scale Differences in definitions of Municipal Solid Waste
Differences in infrastructure
Different methods of paying for MSW management
Differences in accounting methodology and financing
![Page 11: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
System drivers identified by waste managers
Good system management
Vision
Stability
Critical mass (scale)Availability of fundingLegislation (+ve or -ve)
Control of all solid wastePublic opinion / Communication
![Page 12: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IWM Conclusions• Program variations are extensive
• “Drivers for development” were identified
• An integrated approach to waste management is being adopted at a local level, due to:
1) economic benefits
2) social pressure
3) environmental benefits
• Waste hierarchy only useful as a list of options
• There is a clear evolution from waste management to resources management
![Page 13: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Overall environmental burdens
• (Overall economic cost) • The tool of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) makes
this possible
How can we plan IWM systems that are environmentally and economically sustainable?
![Page 14: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OUTPUTSOUTPUTS AirAir EmissionsEmissions
Water Water EmissionsEmissions
Residual Residual LandfillLandfill Material Material
INPUTSINPUTSWasteWaste
EnergyEnergy
Other Other MaterialsMaterials
MoneyMoney
Integrated waste management: a Life Cycle Assessment
COLLECTIONCOLLECTION&&
SORTINGSORTING
SecondarySecondary MaterialsMaterials
CompostCompost UsefulUsefulEnergyEnergy
MATERIALSMATERIALS
RECYCLINGRECYCLING
BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL
TREATMENTTREATMENT
THERMAL THERMAL
TREATMENTTREATMENTLANDFILLLANDFILL
PRODUCTSPRODUCTS
![Page 15: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Net energy consumption• Air emissions• Water emissions• Landfill volume (residual)• Recovered materials• Compost
Life Cycle models: Results
![Page 16: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LCA for IWM in Countries with developing economies
• Venezuela – Caracas and Puerto Ordaz
• Brazil – Porto Alegre
• Mexico – Cuernavaca and Valle de Bravo
• South Africa
• Saudi Arabia - Jeddah
• India
• China
• Korea
![Page 18: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Venezuela, Caracas 1998
• A comparative LCA, that investigated the burdens associated with recycling different materials within the establishment of a new materials recycling program.
• Cardinale, P. (1998). Analisis de ciclo de vida: Una herramienta de gerenci ambiental. Debates IESA. PP.34-38. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración. Venezuela.
![Page 19: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Venezuela, Puerto Ordaz 2001
• Project to evaluate the environmental burden of the existing waste management system and to investigate the environmental burdens of a number of possible developments of this system.
• Propuesta para el Manejo Integrado de los residuos solidos en una localidad Venezolana – aplicando la tecnica de inventario de ciclo de vida. pp107. ISBN: 980-07-7811-X.
![Page 20: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mexico
• Mexico adopted a new law in 2003 that promotes an integrated approach to waste management supported by LCA to ensure a data based decision making process.
• Last year a LCA study in Cuernavaca, Morelos was completed. Unfortunately the Mayor of the city was not re-elected and therefore the conclusions of the study are yet to be applied.
• Currently a study is underway in Valle de Bravo, México State, population 40,000. A waste characterisation has been completed and the LCA modelling will be completed by the end of 2004. The Mayor of this city has just begun his 3 year term so application of the results is likely.
![Page 21: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Saudi Arabia - Jeddah
• A PhD student is investigating the environmental burdens of the current waste management system in Jeddah.
• The aim of the project is to develop a number of alternative integrated systems in consultation with local Government
• The evolution of the waste management system in Jeddah will be guided by the results of this LCA.
![Page 22: IWM case studies and the use of LCA in countries with developing economies Dr. Forbes McDougall](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649db45503460f94aa59b5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IWM and LCA Conclusions• As waste management systems evolve, the IWM concept and LCA tools can help us move towards affordable environmental sustainability.
• Using LCA is better than other arbitrary approaches.
• Waste characterisation and understanding of total waste arisings are needed, to make better decisions for every waste management system.
• A variety of waste management systems are required to meet local needs especially in countries with developing economies.
• Limited waste management budgets make the use of LCA tools even more important to ensure that
money is not wasted on systems that deliver sub-optimal environmental results.