It’s time to Move ItI Can… Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together so the body can move

I Will… • List the different types of skeletal

joints and describe their range of motion

• Describe the structure of skeletal muscle

• Explain how skeletal muscle pulls on bones to produce movement

• List various types of movement

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Skeletal joint – area where two bones meet and allow for different degrees of movement• Classified by type and degree of movement• Fibrous joints• Immovable• e.g. Teeth in jaw• Cranial bones

• Cartilaginous joints• Allow partial movement• e.g. Disks between vertebrae• Breastbone and ribs

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1. Gliding joints – allows flat surfaces to slide over each other.a) Ankle, Wrist

• Synovial joints• Most movable• Cushioned by cartilage• Held together by ligament

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2. Pivot joints – allows flat surfaces to slide over each other.

a) Two bones turn on each other allow rotation

3. Saddle joints – Allows bone to move front to back and left to right. a) Thumb

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4. Hinge joints – Allows bone to move in one direction back and forth

a) Knee, elbow

5. Ball-and-socket joints – Allows bone to move most freely; front and back, side to side and circumduction (circle). a) Shoulder, Hip

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Muscle tissue contracts in order to produce movement

Skeletal muscle – One of three types of muscle in the body• Attached to bones 650 muscles in a human• Primarily voluntary control (somatic nervous

system)• Striated (dark bands)• Many nuclei• Many mitochondria• Attached by tendons• Muscle fibers are individually wrapped

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Myofibril- long strands of protein within a muscle fiber

Sarcomere- section of a myofibril that contains filaments

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Actin- thin filament

Myosin- thick filament

Muscle contract by myosin pulling on actin fibers and bringing them closer to the center of the sarcomere

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Skeletal muscles cause movement by pulling on the bone they are attached to.

Origin – an attachment site for a less movable boneInsertion – an attachment site for a more moveable bone

Movement usually produced by a group of musclesPrime mover – muscle responsible for most of the movementSynergists – muscles that help the prime mover by stabilizing jointsAntagonist (agonist) – produces movement opposite to prime mover

Relaxes when prime mover contracts

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Flexion – bending a body part

Extension – straightening a body part

Hyperextension – extending a body part past the normal anatomical position

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Abduction – moving a body part away from the anatomical position

Adduction – moving a body part toward the anatomical position

Circumduction – moving a body part in a circle

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Pronation – turning the palm of the hand down

Supination – turning the palm of the hand up

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Other types of muscle tissue:• Cardiac• Found in the heart• Similar to skeletal, BUT…• Under involuntary control• Single or multinucleated branching

cells• Connected end to end (not individually

wrapped)• Many nuclei• More mitochondria than skeletal

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Other types of muscle tissue:• Smooth• Found in internal organs• Under involuntary control• Slow rhythmic contractions• Spindle-shaped (Wide middle, tapered

ends)• Single nucleus

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It’s time to

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When a body builder does a bicep curl, as in figure A, the biceps muscle is known as the ______________ and the triceps muscle is the _______________. This movement of bending the arm is known as ____________.

In figure B the biceps relaxes and the triceps contracts and the arm straightens out; this movement is known as _______________.

Use the terms you learned about muscle movement to fill-in the blanks below

Figure A

Figure B