it’s time to do smart cities properly: dan hill
TRANSCRIPT
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It’s time to do smart cities properly
!Dan Hill
Executive Director of Futures Future Cities Catapult
@FutureCitiesCat / futurecities.catapult.org.uk @cityofsound / cityofsound.com
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Understanding the city as a
real-time system
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The Cloud
w/ MIT, Carlo Ratti, Atmos, Arup &c 2008
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Barangaroo
w/ Arup, Rogers Stirk Harbour &c 2008-10
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Masdar
w/ Arup, LAVA &c, 2008-09
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MELBOURNESMARTCITY
Melbourne
w/ Arup, C40, City of Melbourne 2009
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New Songdo City
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SongNo
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Expo
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Cisco pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010
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GM pavilion, Shanghai Expo 2010
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We don’t make citiesin order to
make buildings or infrastructure.
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Culture Commerce Community Conviviality
The City itself ?????
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Our approach to our infrastructure does
clearly affect the city, however.
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GM vs LA
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George Street, Sydney 1906
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The value of inefficiency
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“Technology is the answer.But what is the question?”
— Cedric Price
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?
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Have we made clear the value of
the smart city to citizens?
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?
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“The best way to predict the future is to design it.”
— Buckminster Fuller
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“The best way to predict the
future is to design it.”
— Buckminster Fuller
“Technology is the answer.
But what is the question?”
— Cedric Price
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Using design to frame questions …
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… about 21st century city products, services,
spaces & cultures.
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A particularly useful role for a certain kind of interaction
design?
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Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
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Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
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2
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Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
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low2no.org
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
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W/ Arup / Experientia
Low2No / SITRA, Arup, Experientia etc.
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Connected Streets / Catapult, Wikihouse 2014
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Elephant & Castle, London / Lend Lease
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What does a 21st century urban
development look like?
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Hyde Park Data Visualisation 4
Future Cities Catapult
BRIXTONWorking with citizens we are exploring what are the interventions that can encourage new attitudes towards air quality and air pollution and how behaviour can change as a result
HYDE PARKWorking with the Management and Education teams of The Royal Parks we are deploying a heterogeneous network of sensors including air quality, water, light and soil sensors
TOWER BRIDGEWorking with Southwark council we are installing sensors on Tower Bridge road to measure the air SROXWLRQ�HHFWV�RI�LGOLQJ�FDU�HQJLQHV�ZKHQ�WKH�bridge is raised.
ENFIELD BOROUGH:RUNLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�(QYLURQPHQWDO�+HDOWK�RFH�ZH�are deploying 100 sensor nodes across the borough, with a special focus on schools
ELEPHANT AND CASTLEWorking with property developer and Southwark FRXQFLO�ZH�DUH�GHSOR\LQJ�D�QXPEHU�RI�12[�VSHFL¿F��real-time, sensing nodes that will enable testing of innovative NOx reduction technologies
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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7
Background Who we talked to
Our choice of transport can make a big impact on air quality. For this UHDVRQ��ZH�UHFUXLWHG����SHRSOH�WR�FRYHU�D�VSUHDG�RI�GLHUHQW�WUDQVSRUW�modes, including: car commuters, users of public transport, walkers, cyclists, a taxi driver and a tube driver.
For inspiration design research looks to the extremes, as well as the norm. Our sample included: school run mums, buggy pushers, asthma VXHUHUV��LQKDELWDQWV�RI�OHVV�SROOXWHG��PRUH�SROOXWHG�SODFHV��D�VHPL�SUR�sports player training outdoors, someone who wears a pollution mask, and someone tracking their own behaviour to make a lifestyle change.
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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11
Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
Insight 01
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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12
Insight 01 Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
We found:Sensing is believing…We think about pollution only when we see it, feel it or smell it. Our perceptions of pollution are bound by our senses. We see it in crowded commercial areas, in busy WUDF���IURP�KLJK�YDQWDJH�points. We feel it when our breathing tightens, or as a layer on our hands, our faces or even on our hair.
“I do notice [with the air] on holiday that I don’t have to wash my hair as much as I
do here. ±�7������(Q¿HOG
“Sometimes you can just feel it on your face, it’s just grimy. It makes
your lungs tighten. ±�&������(Q¿HOG
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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14
Insight 01 Our perceptions of pollution are subjective, rather than scientific
We found:Our perceptions of air quality are informed by our comparative experiences - by where we’ve been and what we’ve seen.One person who’d lived through the 1950s believed London’s air has improved. $QRWKHU�IURP�UXUDO�6XVVH[�saw London’s air quality as SRRU��$QG�RQH�SHUVRQ�IURP�%RJRWD�GLGQ¶W�HYHQ�EHOLHYH�that London has an air pollution problem.
“In London, I’d see this [photo] and think it’s just a cloudy day. In %RJRWD�,¶G�WKLQN�\HV��they have a problem
with air pollution. – E 21, Bogota
““I remember as a child having D�VFDUI�DFURVV�P\�IDFH«�$QG�D�
conductor walking in front of the EXV�ZLWK�D�WRUFK«�,W¶V�GH¿QLWHO\�
improved since then.”%������(Q¿HOG
Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Sensing Cities / Catapult, Intel ICRI
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Urban Sensing / Arup, UTS 2009-10
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Urban Sensing / Arup, UTS 2009-10
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Sensing the city
Sensing project / Arup, CSM 2009
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What’s so important about a public sensor box?
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?
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Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
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Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
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Het Schip / Courtesy of Matt Cottam
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What are the seams of the
system, and who designs and owns them? Who owns
the decisions?
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What are the seams of the
system, and who designs and owns them? Who owns
the decisions?
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?
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21 Balançoires, Montréal
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Studio Roosegaarde bioluminescent trees
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3D-print Canal House / DUS Architects
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CityMapper
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Europe compressed by high-speed rail
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Cities Unlocked / Catapult, Guide Dogs, M’soft
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Cities Unlocked / Catapult, Guide Dogs, M’soft
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Catapult / Connected displays, w/ BERG
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What interactions define a 21st
century street?
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?
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Urban retrofits / Airbnb
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Urban retrofits / Uber
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Urban retrofits / bike sharing
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Urban Engines, 2014
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‘Rush Hour’, Black Sheep Films 2014
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Urban retrofits / autonomous vehicles
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Urban retrofits / autonomous vehicles
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-80%?
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PROS Accidents ▼Air quality ▲ Carbon ▼ Space ▲
CONS Obesity ▲ Car industry ▼ Equal access ▼ Public services ▼
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Might a new kind of car be about to change the city as much as the old
one did?
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Urban retrofits / Bridj
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Predictive analytics
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Predictive analytics, The Verge
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What will be the impact of predictive analytics on cities?
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Changing the city without
changing the city
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Could be an issue for architects and
engineers?
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Dark matter
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A brief aside on dark matter.
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IF YOU REALLY WANT TO CHANGE THE CITY, OR want a real struggle, a real fight, then it would require re-engaging with things like public planning for example, or re-engaging with government, or re-engaging with a large-scale institutionalised developers. I think that’s where the real struggles lie, that we re-engage with these structures and these institutions, this horribly complex ‘dark matter.’ That’s where it becomes really interesting.
Wouter Vanstiphout Interviewed by Rory Hyde, 2010
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Dark Matter and Trojan Horses, Strelka Press
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Building codes = dark matter
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Something for interaction designers?
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What kind of city do we
want?
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What is public and what is private?
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?
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Can yesterday’s institutions produce tomorrow’s cities?
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Ravintolapäivä / Helsinki 2012—
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Governments now have competition.
As platforms.
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The day after Restaurant Day
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Popups pop down.
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Pool / floating/filtering pool, New York 2012-
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brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
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brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
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brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
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brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
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brickstarter.org
Brickstarter / SITRA 2012
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A design probe.
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brickstarter.org
‘View source’on the city
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What if participation
platforms didn’t have to sidestep the institution?
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DPW HOLDSPUBLIC HEARING
BOARD OF PERMIT APPEALSHOLDS PUBLIC HEARING
ENJOYPARKLET
ENJOYPARKLET
OBJECTIONS
SOMEONEAPPEALS
APPLICANTAPPEALS
SIGNIFICANTVIOLATION(S)
OFFICERSUPPORTS
OFFICERSUPPORTS
OFFICERAGAINST
OFFICERAGAINST
{ 6 month with possible 6 month extension }
Items to Submit:Initial Application FormInitial Site Plan and PhotosConcept DescriptionLetters Of Support
PERMITREVOKED
PROPOSALREJECTED
PROPOSALSELECTEDPROPOSALSELECTED
KEEP IT CLEAN.WATER THE PLANTS.RENEW IN ONE YEAR.
REMEMBER TO:
PERMITGRANTEDPERMIT
GRANTED
PLANNING ISSUES PUBLIC NOTICEINITIAL REVIEW BY MTA, DPW, PLANNING
REVIEW BY MTA, DPW, PLANNING
APPLICANT NOTIFIES DPW72 HOURS BEFORE CONSTRUCTION
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT WITH PLANNING BEGINS
APPLICANT SUBMITS CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
{ displayed for 10 days }{ 6 month with possible
6 month extension }
APPLICANT SUBMITSPARKLET PROPOSAL
PLANNING AND DPW PRE-INSTALL ONSITE INSPECTION
APPLICANT
BEGINS CONSTRUCTIONPLANNING AND DPW POST-
CONSTRUCTION ONSITE INSPECTION
PLANNING COMMUNICATESREQUIRED REVISIONS
BOARD OF PERMIT APPEALSHOLDS PUBLIC HEARING
OFFICERSUPPORTS
OFFICERAGAINST
NOAPPEAL
Parklet / San Francisco 2013
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Politicians that get it
Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia
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“You have to stop thinking in terms of 19th century bureaucratic rules, where everything is on paper. That ends up meaning redesigning government and
how you interact with people.” —
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
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Building high quality public services
Case 6GOV.UK
“ If you can book a flight online with a few clicks
and cut through all the associated regulations…
then anything is possible [online].”
Martha Lane Fox
113
“Legible Practices”, Sitra 2013
GOV.UK project / UK government 2012-
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Planning applications, London 2014
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Could do better
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?Last one, honest
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How do we ensure that technologies are well-considered, in order to create a new civic space, a sense of the city as
public good?
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Shared space, Hans Monderman, ‘60s—
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Start with the street. Design to ask questions. Prototype and iterate.
Design for participation.
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Start with the street. Design to ask questions. Prototype and iterate.
Design for participation. Redesign the way we make decisions.
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It’s time to do smart cities
properly.
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Thank you !!!!!
Dan Hill Executive Director of Futures
Future Cities Catapult @FutureCitiesCat / futurecities.catapult.org.uk
@cityofsound / cityofsound.com