itn instructor ppt_chapter1 exploring the network smartskills

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

Chapter 1:Exploring the Network

Introduction to Networks

Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Chapter 1: Objectives

Students will be able to:

Explain how multiple networks are used in everyday life.

Explain the topologies and devices used in a small to medium-sized business network.

Explain the basic characteristics of a network that supports communication in a small to medium-sized business.

Explain trends in networking that will affect the use of networks in small to medium-sized businesses.


Chapter 1

1.1 Globally Connected

1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet

1.3 The Network as a Platform

1.4 The Changing Network Environment

1.5 Summary and review Questions


Networking Today

Networks in Our Past and Daily Lives


Networking Today

The Global Community


Living in a Network-Centric World

Communication – An essential part of our lives

How do you define communication?




Establishing the Rules


Quality of Communications


For data networks, we use the same basic criteria to judge success. As a message moves through the network, many factors can prevent the message from reaching the recipient or distort its intended meaning. These factors can be either external or internal.

External Factors

1. The quality of the pathway between the sender and the recipient

2. The number of times the message has to change form

3. The number of times the message has to be redirected or readressed

4. The number of other messages being transmitted simultaneously on the communication network

5. The amount of time allotted for successful communication


Quality of Communications


Different types of messages may vary in complexity and importance. Clear and concise messages are usually easier to understand than complex messages. Important communications require more care to ensure that they are delivered and understood by the recipient.

Internal Factors

1. The size of the message

2. The complexity of the message

3. The importance of the message

Large messages may be interrupted or delayed at different points within the network. A message with a low importance or priority could be dropped if the network becomes overloaded.


Interconnecting our Lives

Networking impacts in our daily lives

Networks Support the Way We Learn




Networks Support the Way We Communicate




Networks Support the Way We Work




Networks Support the Way We Play


Providing Resources in a Network

Networks of Many Sizes



Clients and Servers



Peer-to-Peer


LANs, WANs, and Internets

Components of a Network

There are three categories of network components:

Devices

Media

Services



End Devices

Some examples of end devices are:

Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)

Network printers

VoIP phones

TelePresence endpoint

Security cameras

Mobile handheld devices (such as smartphones, tablets, PDAs, and wireless debit / credit card readers and barcode scanners)



Network Infrastructure Devices

Examples of intermediary network devices are:

Network Access Devices (switches, and wireless access points)

Internetworking Devices (routers)

Security Devices (firewalls)



Network Media



Network Representations



Topology Diagrams



Internet Access Technologies


LANs and WANs

Types of Networks

The two most common types of network infrastructures are:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include:

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Storage Area Network (SAN)


LANs and WANs

Local Area Networks (LAN)


LANs and WANs

Wide Area Networks (WAN)



The Internet


The Internet

Intranet and Extranet


The Internet

Intranet and Extranet

Intranets, private networks in use by just one company, enable businesses to communicate and perform transactions among global employee and branch locations.

Companies develop extranets, or extended internetworks, to provide suppliers, vendors, and customers limited access to corporate data to check order status, inventory, and parts lists.



Popular Communication Tools

The existence and broad adoption of the Internet has ushered in new forms of communication that empower individuals to create information that can be accessed by a global audience.

Instant Messaging

Weblogs (blogs)

Wikis

Podcasting

Collaboration Tools


Connecting to the Internet

Connecting Remote Users to the Internet


Connecting to the Internet

Connecting Businesses to the Internet


Converged Networks

The Converging Network


Converged Networks

Planning for the Future


Reliable Network

Supporting Network Architecture

As networks evolve, we are discovering that there are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations:

Fault Tolerance

Scalability

Quality of Service (QoS)

Security


Reliable Network

Fault Tolerance

The expectation that the Internet is always available to the millions of users who rely on it requires a network architecture that is designed and built to be fault tolerant. A fault tolerant network is one that limits the impact of a hardware or software failure and can recover quickly when such a failure occurs.


Reliable Network

Fault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network


Reliable Network

Packet-Switched Networks


Reliable Network

Scalability

A scalable network can expand quickly to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of the service being delivered to existing users. The ability of the network to support these new interconnections depends on a hierarchical layered design for the underlying physical infrastructure and logical architecture.


Reliable Network

Scalable Networks – Tier 1


Reliable Network



Reliable Network

Scalable Networks – Hierarchical


Reliable Network

Scalable Networks – Distributed


Reliable Network

Scalable Networks - Peers


Reliable Network

Providing (QoS)


Reliable Network

Providing (QoS)

Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include:

Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services like telephony or video distribution.

Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web page retrieval or email.

High importance to organization - increase priority for production control or business transaction data.

Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment


Reliable Network

Providing (QoS)


Reliable Network

Providing Network Security


Reliable Network


Security measures taken in a network should:

Prevent unauthorized disclosure or theft of information

Prevent unauthorized modification of information

Prevent Denial of Service

Means to achieve these goals include:

Ensuring confidentiality

Maintaining communication integrity

Ensuring availability


Reliable Network


Ensuring ConfidentialityData privacy is maintained by allowing only the intended and authorized recipients - individuals, processes, or devices - to read the data.

Having a strong system for user authentication, enforcing passwords that are difficult to guess, and requiring users to change them frequently helps restrict access to communications and to data stored on network attached devices. Where appropriate, encrypting content ensures confidentiality and minimizes unauthorized disclosure or theft of information.


Reliable Network


Maintaining Communication IntegrityData integrity means having the assurance that the information has not been altered in transmission, from origin to destination. Data integrity can be compromised when information has been corrupted - willfully or accidentally - before the intended recipient receives it.

Source integrity is the assurance that the identity of the sender has been validated. Source integrity is compromised when a user or device fakes its identity and supplies incorrect information to a recipient.

The use of digital signatures, hashing algorithms and check sum mechanisms are ways to provide source and data integrity across a network to prevent unauthorized modification of information.


Reliable Network


Ensuring AvailabilityEnsuring confidentiality and integrity are irrelevant if network resources become over burdened, or not available at all. Availability means having the assurance of timely and reliable access to data services for authorized users.

Resources can be unavailable during a Denial of Service (DoS) attack or due to the spread of a computer virus. Network firewall devices, along with desktop and server anti-virus software can ensure system reliability and the robustness to detect, repel, and cope with such attacks.

Building fully redundant network infrastructures, with few single points of failure, can reduce the impact of these threats.


Reliable Network



Network Trends

New trends

Information Technology and networking careers are growing and evolving as fast as the underlying technologies and services. As networks increase in sophistication, the demand for people with networking skills will continue to grow.

Traditional IT positions like programmers, software engineers, data base administrators and network technicians are now joined by new titles, such as network architect, e-Commerce site designer, information security officer, and home integration specialist.

As students of networking technology, we examine the components of data networks and the roles they play in enabling communication. This course,is designed to empower you with the networking knowledge to build and manage these evolving networks.


Network Trends

New trends


Network Trends

New trends

Some of the top trends include:

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Online collaboration

Video

Cloud computing


Network Trends

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)


Network Trends

Online Collaboration


Network Trends

Video Communication


Network Trends

Cloud Computing

There are four primary types of clouds:

Public clouds

Private clouds

Custom clouds

Hybrid clouds


Network Trends

Data Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components including:

Redundant data communications connections

High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server farms or server clusters)

Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology)

Redundant or backup power supplies

Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression)

Security devices


Networking Technologies for the Home

Technology Trends in the Home



Powerline Networking



Wireless Broadband


Future of Networking

Network Security


Network Security

Security Threats

The most common external threats to networks include:

Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses

Spyware and adware

Zero-day attacks, also called zero-hour attacks

Hacker attacks

Denial of service attacks

Data interception and theft

Identity theft


Network Security

Security Solutions

Network security components often include:

Antivirus and antispyware

Firewall filtering

Dedicated firewall systems

Access control lists (ACL)

Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)


Network Architectures

Cisco Network Architectures


Network Architectures

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)


Exploring the Networking

Summary

In this chapter, you learned:

Networks and the Internet have changed the way we communicate, learn, work, and even play.

Networks come in all sizes. They can range from simple networks consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices.

The Internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the term Internet means a ‘network of networks. The Internet provides the services that enable us to connect and communicate with our families, friends, work, and interests.



Summary


The network infrastructure is the platform that supports the network. It provides the stable and reliable channel over which communication can occur. It is made up of network components including end devices, intermediate device, and network media.

Networks must be reliable.

Network security is an integral part of computer networking, regardless of whether the network is limited to a home environment with a single connection to the Internet, or as large as a corporation with thousands of users.



Summary


The network infrastructure can vary greatly in terms of size, number of users, and number and types of services that are supported on it. The network infrastructure must grow and adjust to support the way the network is used. The routing and switching platform is the foundation of any network infrastructure.



Summary

Review

Describe the external factors that impact network communication.

External factors affecting the quality of communication are related to the processes that devices use to talk to each other and include:

• Whether a confirmation of the message was returned to the sender.

• The quality of the pathway between the sender and the recipient.

• The number of times the message has to change form.

• The number of other messages in the communication network.

• The number of times the message is reformatted.

• The amount of time allotted for successful communication.



Summary

Review

Describe the Internal factors that impact network communication.

Internal factors that interfere with communication are related to the nature of the communication itself. The communication may vary in complexity and importance. Clear and concise messages are usually easier to understand than complex messages. Important communications require more care to ensure that the meaning is received properly.

Internal factors affecting the quality of communication include:

• The size of the message

• The complexity of the message

• The importance of the message



Summary

Review

Describe network-supported technologies that impact how people learn, work, and play.

Includes instant messaging, weblogs, podcasting, collaboration tools using text, graphic, audio and video technologies over both fixed and mobile data networks.



Summary

Review

What is data? What is a data network? What is a converged network?

Data is the pieces of information, such as files, audio, phone calls and video shared across the network.

A data network consists of:

• Devices that communicate with each other

• A means of connecting these devices together – a medium that can transport messages from one device to another

• The digital messages or units of information that will travel from one device to another

• Rules of agreements to govern how the messages are sent, directed, and received.



Summary

Review

What is a converged network?Traditionally telephone, data communications between computers, radio, and television each had separate networks and each required a different technology to carry its particular communication signal. Additionally, each service had its own set of rules and standards to ensure the successful communication of its service across a specific medium.

Technology can now consolidate these disparate networks into one platform – a platform we define as the converged network. The flow of voice, radio, video, and data travelling over the same network eliminates the need to create and maintain separate networks. As converged networks become more common, businesses and individual users can use a single network for its services.



Summary

Review

Why does Quality of Service matter on a data network?Converged networks carry multiple types of communication. Data network resources, however are always constrained by budgets, physical limitations, and technology. The existence of these limitations means that decisions must be made regarding the priority of different types of communication.

The management of different types of communication involves balancing both the traffic´s importance and its characteristics. Both of these factors are considered when developing a Quality of Service (QoS) strategy for managing data in a given data network.



Summary

Review

What happens without a properly designed and implemented QoS mechanism?

Without properly designed and implemented QoS mechanisms, data packets will be dropped without consideration of the application characteristics or priority.



Summary

Review

What does security mean in the context of data networks?Data network security has two aspects:

• Interception of data communications – data encryption can negate such interceptions.

• Unauthorized access to the network and its data – User authentication (usernames, passwords and classifications are tools to prevent this - In addition to physical security)

Intruders may desire to gain access to information for monetary gain. They steal financial records or sell trade secrets to competitors. For others stealing data is merely a game about which they can brag, often boast about it their latest online conquests. Many have limited computer and network skills and do this just for fun. Some change, destroy or just disrupt. Some are disgruntled employees to wreak havoc.



Lab: Skills Integration Challenge: Introduction to PT


Lab: Skills Integration: Use of TCP/IP in PT demo


itn instructor ppt_chapter1 exploring the network smartskills

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