itm220 j. galusha - kronke psi1 stppt03 revised with voice

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Chapter 3Hardware, Software, and NetworksCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-1

Review Ch 2Q1. What is a business process?a series of activities(tasks) to accomplish somethingQ2. What is an information system?Hardware, software, data, procedures, people.Q3. How do business processes and information systems relate?IS are there to make business processes more efficient/effective

Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-2

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Review Ch 2Q4. How do structured and dynamic processes vary?Structured; fixed, stableDynamic; time sensitive, changingQ5. What is information?That which can be use for making decisionsCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-3

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Review Ch 2Q6. What are necessary data characteristics?Accurate; truthfulTimely; is there when you need itRelevantTo context; your roleTo subject; what you needJust sufficient; too much is overwhelmingWorth its cost; some data is just TOO expensive to get.


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Learning ObjectivesQ1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software?Q3. What type of computer networks exist?


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Learning ObjectivesQ4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Q5. What happens on a typical web server?Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?


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Computer CategoriesBased on business size, useSupercomputers; scientific, DODMainframe computers; Business. large and expensive, powerful, can handle hundreds and thousands of connected users at the same time.Minicomputers; Business/govt,complex computations in science an engineeringServer;Business/govt, mother computer to client computers. Websites, databases, email, other specific functions.Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-7

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Computer CategoriesBased on business size, useClient; PC or laptop connected to a server/networkMicrocomputers/Workstations; scientific/engineering, one user, multiple operating systemsPC; Individuals Single user, application s/wLaptop; Individuals,Portable internet connected pcHandheld; Individuals,cell phones, tablets, etcCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-8

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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?ALL computers do this:InputOutputProcessStorageKNOW THESE

FIGURE 3-1 Categories of Computer Hardware


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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Data is stored in RAM, hard drives, flash drives, cd, dvd, media cards, the cloudHOW much can these hold? CapacitySmallest unit is a Bit(Binary digits) 0 or 18 bits=ByteByte= 1 keystroke

FIGURE 3-3 Units of Data for Computer Memory


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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?How does a computer work?

FIGURE 3-4Computer Components


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The Inside of a ComputerCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-12

RAM

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Purchasing a PC/LaptopCPU - Most important: the brain Can be single core/dual/quad coreQuad core theoretically 4x faster than single coreMeasured in SPEED GHZ (cycles/sec)Not easily upgradeableEx; Intel, AMD, NVIDIARAM random access memoryTemporary holding area for active programs/operating sys, etcYou want the MAXIMUM ram your computer can holdTypically upgradeable EXTRA CREDITActs to speed up your processingMeasured in GbVolatile

FIGURE 3-4Computer Components


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Purchasing a PC/LaptopHard Drive Semi-permanent storageHolds the OS, application programs, utilities, data (pics/videos, etc)Measured in Gb or TbCan be upgraded; not easily for laptopTowers; hard drive can easily be addedCD/DVDRead only or writeable?Operating System comes with machineDepends on hardware (PC or Mac)Can be replaced. ALWAYS back up data first!Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-14

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Purchasing a PC/LaptopAccessoriesIntegrated WIFIGraphicsMonitorKeyboardMouseUSB portsFirewire portMedia card readerWebcamMicrophoneCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-15

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Purchasing a PC/LaptopBundles SoftwareAntivirusMicrosoft OfficeVideo EditingPhoto EditingUtilitiesGamesCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-16

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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Why does a manager care how a computer works?Match type of computer with business needWhat does the person need to do? Performance? Speed? Portability?Lease/Purchase?Memory;RAM/hard drive, etc.Volatile- RAM needs electrictyNon-volatile


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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?What is the difference between a client and a server?Server a special computer that has a specific purposeRuns server operating systemsOther computers access it for programs/info (client)Direct cable connection, wireless, internet basedOften referred to as the cloud

FIGURE 3-5 Client and Server Computers


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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?What is the difference between a client and a server?Server farmClientAny computerthat talks to a server

FIGURE 3-5 Client and Server Computers


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What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Categories of computer hardwareComputer dataHow computer works and why a manager should care; troubleshooting, basic understandingDifferences between a client and a server


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What do business professionals need to know about software?Software categoriesOperating system; based on the specific h/wEX; PCs run Windows/Macs run Mac OSControls the H/W, S/W, peripherals (printers)Applications programs- like MS Office

FIGURE 3-7 Types of Software


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What do business professionals need to know about software?What are the major operating systems?Non-mobile client operating systemsWindows/Mac os/Unix/LinuxMobile client operating systemsIOS/Android/BlackberryServer operating systemsWindows server/unix/Linux


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What do business professionals need to know about software?What are the major operating systems?

FIGURE 3-8 Major Operating Systems


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What do business professionals need to know about software?Own versus LicenseContract costs? Cost to purchase new H/WCloud computing; S/W & services that run in the internetNot a physical place; serversWhat does it do?Runs software(facebook) NOT on your computerStores data; scalable- pay for what you useMoores lawCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-24

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What do business professionals need to know about software?The CloudBenefitsScalableBorrow software you couldnt affordAccessible anytime/anywhere with an internet connectionSharing/collaboratingReduce H/W S/W support needs


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What do business professionals need to know about software?The CloudRisksDepends on internet connectivity/speedTied to providers/contractsSecurity/Availability


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What do business professionals need to know about software?VirtualizationEmulating another computer h/w,OS, s/w, networkEx Parallels s/w allows me to run Windows on a MacCan be done in the cloudCheaper


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What do business professionals need to know about software?What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do Organizations Obtain Them?Horizontal market application software; MS OfficeVertical market application software; by industryClient-server application softwareThin client v. thick clientThin=no real computing capacity; get it on the serverCheaper but depends on connectivityThick=computing capacity with access to the serverCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-28

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What do business professionals need to know about software?Why is S/W acquiredOld s/w slow, out of date, inefficient, inaccurateNeed to store additional dataRegulation changes (IRS, etc.)Need to stay competitiveNeed for better way to support competitive strategyChange in proceduresPurchase new companyAdd a new service/product


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What do business professionals need to know about software?How do organizations acquire application software?In-house developers; business knowledgeHire consultants; expensive, not vested interestPurchase off the shelf; usually not an optionCustom developed; if specific business needsPurchase ENTIRE solution; SAP


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What do business professionals need to know about software?How Software is createds/w written by programmers in a language (source code)Source code translated into binary to become .exe (object code)Purchased s/w is JUST the .exe portionChanges needed? Too bad, so sadCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-31

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What do business professionals need to know about software?Open Source; Getting the source and being able to modify it to fit your needsIs open source a viable alternative?Linux is a free, open source version of UnixSource codeMachine codeClosed sourceOpen sourceCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-32

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What do business professionals need to know about software?Operating Systems- s/w that controls the h/w and other s/w. The mother softwareApplication Programs used for specific need; MS Word. Purchased or built.Open Source- free


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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?Computer NetworkDifferent computers that are able to talk to each other; SpartanLocal Area Network (LAN)Small area; you own the communication cablesWide Area Network (WAN)Need to rent 3rd party communication linesCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-34

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?the InternetWWW is NOT the internet. It is only ONE part of the internetA network of networks which allow computers to communicateNo one owns itIndividual companies/entities own the hardware, network s/w, routers, switches, etc.Governing body makes the rulesCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-35

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?What are the components of a LAN?Small office/Home office (SOHO LAN)Wired connectivity; Ethernet cable connectedWireless connections; through a wireless network; access point that gets you on the internetCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-36

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?What are the components of a LAN?Protocol a set of rules, devices, etc. that enable completely different computers to communicateLAN protocolsInstitute for Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE)IEEE 802.3 (wired Ethernet)IEEE 802.11 (wireless)BluetoothCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-37

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN?Companies/entities that have their own routers/switches/communication lines ARE the internet (Like UT)The rest of us hire Internet Service Provider (ISP)We piggyback on their infrastructure to get to the internetEach computer assigned an IP addressDigital DataAnalog Data- dial-upCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-38

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?What are the alternatives for connecting to a WAN?ModemsDSLCableWireless

FIGURE 3-15 Signal Modulation for Accessing the InternetCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-39

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What Type of Computer Networks Exist?Computer NetworkLocal Area Network (LAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)Internetsthe InternetCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-40

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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Internets network of networksConsists of tens of thousands of LANs and WANsTCP/IP architectureApplication layer protocolsTCP and IP protocolsIP addressing- unique number used as a delivery address when communicating on the web


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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?TCP/IP architecture

FIGURE 3-17 TCP/IP Architecture


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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Application layer protocolsHyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP)Secured Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTPS)Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)File Transfer Protocol (FTP)We will use an FTP program to upload our webpages to the live webCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-43

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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?TCP and IP protocolsTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)Internet Protocol (IP)Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-44

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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?IP addressingEvery internet connected computer has a unique IP address.It is difficult to remember numbers so a domain name server translates a typed address (www.ut.edu) to its actual IP addressUse of Private IP AddressesEg. 165.193.123.253Public IP Addresses and Domain NamesDomain name helps us understand the content; .com.bus.edu, etc.Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Eg. http://www.godaddy.comCopyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-45

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What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Internets network of networksConsists of tens of thousands of LANs and WANsTCP/IP architectureApplication layer protocolsTCP and IP protocolsIP addressing


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What happens on a typical web server?Web storefrontThree-Tier architecture (user, server, database)Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML); the language of the webeXtensible Markup Language (XML)


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What happens on a typical web server?Web storefront server on the web from which you can buy productsEg: www.REI.com

FIGURE 3-19 Sample Retail Web Page Source: Used with permission of REI and Black Diamond.Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-48

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What happens on a typical web server?Three-Tiered architectureUser tier what you type on YOUR computerServer tier contains:Web pageWeb farm (many web servers)Database tier (where the data actually lives)Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-49

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What happens on a typical web server?Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)HTML tags Hyperlinks (href)

FIGURE 3-22Example HTML Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3-50

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What happens on a typical web server?eXtensible Markup Language (XML)Adobe FlashMicrosoft SilverlightHTML5


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What happens on a typical web server?Web storefrontThree-Tier architectureHyper Text Markup Language (HTML)eXtensible Markup Language (XML)


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How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?Virtual Private Network (VPN)Virtual not realTunnel like a private pipeline on the internetSecurity very secure; firewalls


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Ethics GuideChurn and BurnMarks conspiracy theoryDoes it have merit?Discussion Questions


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ConclusionQ1. What do business professionals need to know about computer hardware?Q2. What do business professionals need to know about software?Q3. What type of computer networks exist?


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ConclusionQ4. What do business professionals need to know about the Internet?Q5. What happens on a typical web server?Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual private networks (VPNs)?


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