Italian Unification

Chapter 24 Section 1

Key Terms

• Giuseppe Marconi• Camillo di Cavour• Giuseppe Garibaldi• Red shirts• Victor Emmanuel

After the Congress of Vienna

• Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe

• 15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end

• Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s

After the Congress of Vienna

• Fostered by some of the decisions made at the congress

• Congress created political boundaries

• They ignored national groups

• Placed group under control of large empires

After Congress of Vienna• Some had different ethnic

groups• Austria empire home to

– Croats– Czechs– Germans– Hungarians– Italians– Poles– Serbs– Slovenes

After Congress of Vienna

• Italians split into three groups

• Much of northern Italy under Austrian rule

• Some Italian states under Hapsburg rule

• Some under French Rule• Italian nationalism grew

under opposition to this rule

Mazzini and Young Italy

• Artists,, writers, thinkers celebrate Italy’s traditions

• Italians in Austria formed secret societies

• Plotting overthrow of Austrian government

• 1831 Giuseppe Mazzini helped launch the group Young Italy

Mazzini and Young Italy

• Fight for the unification of Italian states

• He had been exiled for being outspoken

• Smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy

• Mazzini believed Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna

Mazzini and Young Italy

• Mazzini attracted tens of thousands of Italians

• Italy ready to unite behind a strong national leader

Uprisings and Revolutions

• Nationalists revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848

• State of Piedmont declared war against Austria and was defeated

• 1849 Revolutionaries seized Rome

Uprisings and Revolutions

• French troops helped Pope regain control

• Sardinia was the only successful revolution

Cavour and Sardinia

• Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification

• Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy

• Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento (rebirth)

Cavour and Sardinia

• 1852• Cavour becomes prime

minister• Believe thriving

economy was important

• Believed Italy should be a monarchy

• Supported France in its war with Russia

Cavour and Sardinia

• France supported them with the war with Austria

• 1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria

The Red Shirts

• Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy

• 1833 joined the Young Italy movement

• Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America

• Returned to Italy in 1854

The Red Shirts

• Named after their colorful uniforms

• Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860

• Cavour annexed territory in central Italy

• 1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome

The Red Shirts

• Italian troops enter Rome

• Italy unified• King Victor Emanuel

their leader

Social and Economic Problems

• Strong regional differences led to lack of unity

• Italians resented being governed by Rome

• Rome became new capitol in 1871

• Catholic church did not recognize Italy as a legitimate nation

Social and Economic Problems

• Pope prohibited Catholics from voting

• Poverty was a serious problem

• Rising taxes led to revolts

• Poverty led Italians to emigrate