italian technologies on renewable energy “italian...

ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY

“Italian innovative and best practices”

Smart Grid

Experiences of Italy as the World’s 1st pioneer of smart grid and today’s technology

Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st -22nd March 2012

Speaker: Carlo Figà Talamanca

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SMART GRID…

ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWAL ENERGY “Italian innovative and best practices”

Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st – 22nd March 2012 Carlo Figà Talamanca

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CONTENT



• Today’s electrical grids and its limitations.

• Smart grids: definition, the future, features and applications.

• Smart energy demand.

• Smart grid in Italy: • Smart meters • Smart homes • Electric mobility • Smart cities • Smart MV networks • 1st Italy’s smart grid in Isernia

• Conclusions

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WHAT WORKED IN THE PAST WON’T WORK ANYMORE…



5 ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWAL ENERGY

“Italian innovative and best practices” Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st – 22nd March 2012

Carlo Figà Talamanca

TODAY’S GRID

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THE TRADITIONALE GRID






GROWING COMPLEXITY

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SMART GRID: THE INTEGRATION OF TWO INFRASTRUCTURES



Electrical Infrastructure

“Intelligence” Infrastructure

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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID



The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware, management and reporting software, built atop an intelligent communications infrastructure.

or more “simply”… Smart Grid is a combination of: · Smart devices · Two-way communications · Advanced control systems

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WHY SMART GRIDS?



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GRIDS OF TOMORROW



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THE VISION OF THE FUTURE



Hydro power station Low emission

power plant

Small hydro power Solar power plant

HVDC link

Transformer

Photovoltaic

Underground info and power

transmission

Micro storage of electricity

Thermal storage SMES

Residential CHP Solar

Fuel cells

Biomass

Off-shore wind

Microgrid

Wave energy

H2 production an filling station

Compressed hydrogen storage

Demand side management




FEATURES OF SMART GRIDS A SMART GRID is able to integrate the activities of all connected actors – producers, consumers and both (“prosumers” ) to distribute energy in an efficient, sustainable, economic and reliable way. The vision for the electricity network of the future is: • Flexible: fulfilling customers’ needs whilst responding to the changes and

challenges ahead;

• Accessible: granting connection access to all network users, particularly for renewable power sources and high efficiency local generation with zero or low carbon emissions;

• Reliable: assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the demands of the digital age with resilience to hazards and uncertainties;

• •Economic: providing best value through innovation, efficient energy management and ‘level playing field’ competition and regulation.




SMART GRID APPLICATIONS

Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources

Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding

Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring

Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing

Participation in Energy Markets

Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!

Real-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis




SMART ENERGY DEMAND The energy user component of the smart grid, which includes any energy-user actions to: • enhancement of reliability

• reduce peak demand,

• shift usage to off-peak hours,

• lower total energy consumption,

• actively manage electric vehicle charging,

• actively manage other usage to respond to solar, wind, and other renewable

resources

• buy more efficient appliances and equipment over time based on a better understanding of how energy is used by each appliance or item of equipment.

All of these actions minimize adverse impacts on electricity grids and maximize utility and consumer savings. Smart Energy Demand mechanisms and tactics include:

• smart meters;

• dynamic pricing;

• smart thermostats and smart appliances;

• automated control of equipment;

• real-time energy information feedback to electricity users;

• usage by appliance data;

• scheduling and control of loads such as electric vehicle chargers, home area

networks (HANs), and others.




SMART ENERGY DEMAND MECHANISMS

17 ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY



ITALY – INTERNATIONAL LEADER IN SMART GRID • Italy’s Smart Grid policy is

leading the path in Europe.

• Italy sees the Smart Grid policy as a mean of improving economic growth through competitiveness and a sustainable energy policy.

• Italy has implemented a set of energy projects that emphasize the use of decentralized energy production from renewable sources, the use of short transmission lines, and through the use of reduced power loss distribution technologies.

• Italy is co-leader (United States and Korea) in Smart Grid at international level.




FOCUS OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN ITALY • Active participation of the consumer

• “Intelligent measurement of consumptions”

• Integration of renewable energies;

• Electricity storage;

• Electric mobility.




SMART METERS




SMART METERS

A smart meter is an electrical meter that records consumption of electric energy “real time” and communicates that information back to the utility for monitoring and billing purposes. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system.




SMART METERS IN ITALY Between 2001 and 2006, Enel SpA, the dominant utility in Italy with about 30 million customers, deployed smart meters to its entire customer base. These meters are fully electronic and smart and have: • integrated bi-directional communications; • advanced power measurement and management capabilities; • integrated, software-controllable disconnect switch. They communicate over LV power line using standards-based power line technology to data concentrators at which point they communicate via IP to Enel's enterprise servers. The system provides a wide range of advanced features, including: • the ability to remotely turn power on or off to a customer; • read usage information from a meter; • detect a service outage; • detect the unauthorized use of electricity; • change the maximum amount of electricity that can be demanded at any time; • remotely change the meter's billing plan (credit – prepay; flat-rate - multi-tariff).




ENEL’s SMART METER DEPLOYMENT IN ITALY

With 99% of smart meters installed already in 2006, Italy is widely anticipating the targets set by European authorities in terms of diffusion

of smart meters (minimum 80% by 2020).




THE TECHNOLOGY The deployment of the smart meter technology entailed the following principal elements:.

• Smart meters, for the measurement of electric consumption, the remote communication of the relative data and the management of the electric provision plan (billing plan).

• Concentrators, installed in MV to LV transformation cabins, for the gathering of all data from the connected smart meters.

• Central system, for the remote

management of the smart meters, elaboration of the inforamtion for billing purposes and service quality control.




ENEL’s SMART METER STRATEGY

."We wanted to improve efficiency, create higher margins, and help customers reduce their energy bills." (Livio Gallo, Enel's director of infrastructure and networks) • The Italian utility can now collect customer data and manage its energy

network remotely, instead of sending out costly technicians. • Improved data on consumers' electricity habits permit Enel to run its power

plants more efficiently. • Enel is obtaining annual cost savings of EUR 500 million from the new

technology – return on investment in just four years (total investment EUR 2,1 billion) .

Rolling out the technology as quickly as possible, helps achieve a fast return on investment. During the mass installation phase, around 50,000 meters were produced and 40,000 installed daily. Focus on the customer! ENEL spent resources and time educating the public about its benefits.




SOME NUMBERS ABOUT ITALY’S SMART METER DEPLOYMENT

Italy/Enel is first in the world regarding the deployment of smart meters! • 33 million installed in Italy by Enel from 2001 – investment of 2,1 billion Euro; • • 4 million supplied to other utility companies in Italy;

• 13 million new generation smart meters about to be installed to Endesa

customers in Spain, by 2015.

• Over 1 million supplied to other utilities in Europe.

• Enel’s technology is the most diffused in the world.




BENEFITS OF SMART METERS FOR THE CONSUMERS

• Transparency of consumptions – the customer can know any time how much he/she is consuming.

• Simplicity of management – billing plans are managed remotely without any disturbance for the customers.

• Environmental friendly - tens of thousands of CO2 emissions avoided, thanks to the efficient management of utilities.

• Possibility to choose and change different billing plans offered on the market without the need to change the meter.




SMART METER FUNCTIONS FOR THE CUSTOMER

• Customer number;

• Date

• Time

• Time band: F1, F2, F3;

• Actual power (kw used at the moment);

• Cumulative energy and power used in the different time bands (current and previous billing period):

• Total energy used in kwh in the different time bands (A1, A2, A3). • Maximal power used in in kw in the different time bands (P1, P2, P3);




TIME BANDS IN ITALY

The authority for Electrical Energy and Gas has defined the times and days for 3 different time bands which can be applied in the electric consumption reading: F1 (peak hours): 8:00-19:00, Monday-Firday F2 (intermediate hours):

• 7:00-8:00, 19:00-23:00, Monday-Friday • 7:00-23:00 on Saturdays.

F3 (off-peak hours): • 00:00-7:00, 23:00-24:00, Monday-Saturday • all Sundays • 11 days of public national holidays..




BI-DIRECTIONAL SMART METER (CONTRACT)

Measures the energy taken from the grid and the one provided to the grid. • Time band: F1, F2, F3; • Actual power (kw provided at the moment);

• Cumulative energy and power provided in the different time bands (current

and previous billing period): • Total energy provided in kwh in the different time bands (A1, A2, A3). • Maximal power provided in in kw in the different time bands (P1, P2, P3);




SMART HOMES




SMART HOMES (1/3)

Smart homes use advanced technological solutions to optimize/rationalize the energy utilization at home.

• It guarantees the confort and at the same time improoves energy savings.

• Interactions with the grid are crucial for an optimal balancing of houshold

consumptions.

• Enel is working to offer advanced devices, able to interact with the grid and the domestic houshold appliances.

• The objective is is to «network» the household appliances with eachother and to connect them to the electronic and technological devices in the homes (for example to the smart meters).




Energy@Home: Enel has partnered with Telecom Italia and Electrolux for a communications platform for a home area network that will allow for some of the value-added services that integrates the smart metering.

SMART HOMES (2/3)

The network will leverage its broadband gateway and Google is reportedly developing web applications.




SMART HOMES (3/3)

Modern consumer electronics devices now consume over half the power in a typical home. The ability to shut down or hibernate devices when they are not receiving data could be a major factor in cutting energy use. To save energy/money, optimizing consumptions by scheduling the utilization (on-off) of household appliances, according to the different time bands (different cost of energy) and the own needs. Key devices that aide to shed load during times of peak demand include air conditioning units, washing machines, dish washers, electric water heaters, water pumps and other high wattage devices.




ELECTRIC MOBILITY




ELECTRIC MOBILITY (1/3)

Italy sees the development of Electric Vehicles (EV) technologies as crucial to its energy policy. As part of that policy a EV pilot project between Enel and Daimler (E-mobility Italy) is currently underway (start September 2010) : • Deployment of 400 recharging stations in the cities of Milan, Rome and Pisa. • Daimler will deliver 140 Smart electric cars to private customers, maintenance

free. • ENEL will build a distribution network capable of supplying RECS certified

power (Renewable Energy Certificate System), which is an international system involving 25 European countries.

In May 2011, 130 private and public recharging points were in place, and over 50

EVs had been delivered. Participants in the pilot pay EUR25 including VAT/taxes for recharging.




ELECTRIC MOBILITY (2/3)




ELECTRIC MOBILITY (3/3) The need for multidisciplinary projects – not only Utilities sector and ICT but also with Automotive sector, Oil companies, public administrations, etc. Enel has signed agreements for similar projects with Renault-Nissan, Piaggio, Citroen, General Motors and Toyota. The project includes communication between the charging point and the EV and remote integration with utility billing systems to automatically debit users’ accounts. It has also planned similar pilot projects in Bologna, Rimini and Reggio Emilia in a memorandum of understanding with the Region Emila Romagna. Enel is collaborating with major distributors/«gas stations» companies in Italy to consolidate a common EV recharging model/standard. Following the pilot projects, Enel plans a mass roll-out of smart recharging infrastructure from 2012 to 2019.




SMART CITIES




SMART CITIES Smart cities combine in one urban model the environment protection, energy efficientcy and sustainable economy. Infrastructures, services and technologies enable energy savings, reductions of emissions and consumption control for citizens, public administration and businesses.

How? SMART GRIDS Smart cities are a combination of all smart grid technologies: • smart meters; • grid automation; • efficient public lighting; • electric mobility; • integration of renewable energy sources; • energy storage systems; • devices that increase consumption awareness.




SMART MV NETWORKS In 2009 Enel started the “Biggest Program” in the Smart Grid framework: “Smart MV Networks” in Southern Italy. 4 projects, funded with 77M from the Italian Government, with the following main goals: 1. Test and improve distributed generation along with the management of

active/passive power networks. Make MV power Networks ready for connection with PV plants (sizes 0.1-1 MW).

2. Control voltage, to allow a safe and clean disconnection of main generation in the case of primary supply loss.

3. Distributed delivery, to allow the reclosing (remotely controlled) of MV producers depending on the network conditions and in compliance with rules/regulation.

4. Possibility of a meshed grid configuration, to increase short-circuit power redistribution.

Fundamental to this program is the development and installation of a high bandwidth

communication network backbone. Expected to be completed by end 2012. Currently 400km of overhead line and hundreds of automated remotely controllable switchgears have been installed.




THE 1st SMART GRID IN ITALY – ISERNIA PROJECT November 2011, in Isernia, in the southern region of Molise, Italy/Enel has started installing the first smart grid, to handle electricity flows from decentralized, fluctuating renewable power sources. • Several thousand customers will take part in the 10 million EURO pilot project,

which are linked to a substation in Carpinone, Italy.

• Isernia was chosen because its geography and climate offers the perfect setting to fully exploit solar, hydroelectric, wind and biogas efficiently and the smart grid will integrate the renewable energy sources into the distribution network.

• The new smart grid entails the involvement of both distributors and customers (prosumers).

• Smart grids use data from generation, transmission and consumers to efficiently deliver reliable power at the lowest cost.




ISERNIA PROJECT TECHNOLOGIES

The pilot smart grid includes: • systems for estimating power generated from renewable resources;

• sensors for the advanced monitoring of grid volumes;

• interaction with power generators to provide advanced regulation of input flows;

• WiMax broadband connection and a fiber-optics communications infrastructure

integrated with the electronic meters;

• a storage facility using lithium-ion battery technology with a capacity of 0.7 MW to modulate flows of electricity, built by Siemens, recharging stations for electric vehicles and equipment installed in homes.




CONCLUSIONS

Italy/Enel is currently implementing a 10-year restructuring plan for its entire distribution network (over 1 million kilometres), coordinated with programmes for encouraging the introduction of smart grids launched by the European Commission. As with digital metering, Enel Distribuzione is a leader in applying innovative solutions to improve network efficiency and the quality of the service offered to customers.

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING • “Come utilizzare il contatore elettronico monofase/trifase” – Enel, 2010 • “Smart Grids – Le reti intelligenti guidano il futuro” – Enel, 2010 • “The Smart Grid… Lunch and Learn, Session 1: Smart Grid and its Benefits” – Session 1

Series on the Smart Grid, GE Energy, Integration at work • “Smart Grid projects in Europe: lessons learned and current developments” - Vincenzo

Giordano, Flavia Gangale, Gianluca Fulli (JRC-IE), Manuel Sánchez Jiménez (DG ENER), JRC Reference Reports, ©European Union 2011

• “Resilience Against Single Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networking for the Smart Grid” – Tae Oh, Galisono College of Computing and Information Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2012

• http://smartgrid.ieee.org • http://www.greentechmedia.com • http://www.smartgridopinions.com • http://climatelab.org • http://www.enel.com Contact details: Carlo Figà Talamanca E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +855 978159256




http://smartgrid.ieee.org/

http://www.greentechmedia.com/

http://www.smartgridopinions.com/

http://climatelab.org/

http://www.enel.com/

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