italian and german unification 1852-1871. italian unification process

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ITALIAN AND GERMAN ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION UNIFICATION 1852-1871 1852-1871

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Page 1: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

ITALIAN AND GERMAN ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATIONUNIFICATION

1852-18711852-1871

Page 2: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Page 3: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Count Camillo CavourCount Camillo Cavour

Prime Minister of Prime Minister of SardiniaSardinia

Recognized that Recognized that economic and economic and military strength military strength was the key to was the key to unificationunification

Helps England and Helps England and France in the France in the Crimean War Crimean War against Russia in against Russia in 18551855

Page 4: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Alliance With Napoleon IIIAlliance With Napoleon III

In Exchange for In Exchange for Sardinia’s help, Sardinia’s help, Napoleon III agrees to Napoleon III agrees to help Sardinia in the help Sardinia in the event of war with event of war with AustriaAustria

Cavour goes to war Cavour goes to war with Austria and with Austria and Lombardy and other Lombardy and other provinces join Sardiniaprovinces join Sardinia

Northern Italy is now Northern Italy is now unifiedunified

Page 5: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Guiseppe GaribaldiGuiseppe Garibaldi

Leader of the Red Leader of the Red ShirtsShirts

Worked to free Sicily Worked to free Sicily from Bourbon controlfrom Bourbon control

Liberates Sicily, Liberates Sicily, marches into Southern marches into Southern mainlandmainland

Unites with Cavour to Unites with Cavour to unify most of Italy-unify most of Italy-18611861

Page 6: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Unified ItalyUnified Italy

Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel made King of Italy in made King of Italy in 18611861

Unification has Unification has challenges- Northern challenges- Northern Italy much wealthier Italy much wealthier and developed than and developed than the Souththe South

Government is a right-Government is a right-wing Constitutional wing Constitutional monarchymonarchy

Page 7: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

GERMAN CONFEDERATION BEFORE UNIFICATION

Page 8: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Bismarck and German Bismarck and German UnificationUnification

““The great The great questions of the questions of the day….(will be) day….(will be) settled by blood settled by blood and iron”and iron”

““It is the destiny of It is the destiny of the weak to be the weak to be devoured by the devoured by the strong”strong”

Bismarck will unite Bismarck will unite Germany under Germany under Prussian leadershipPrussian leadership

Page 9: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Schleswig and HolsteinSchleswig and Holstein

2 provinces seized 2 provinces seized from Denmark in from Denmark in 18641864

War is won with War is won with the help of Austriathe help of Austria

1866- Bismarck 1866- Bismarck uses these lands as uses these lands as an excuse to go to an excuse to go to war with Austriawar with Austria

Page 10: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

War With AustriaWar With Austria

1866- Bismarck attacks Austria1866- Bismarck attacks AustriaWar lasts just 7 weeks- decisive War lasts just 7 weeks- decisive

Prussian victoryPrussian victoryAustrian-led German confederation Austrian-led German confederation

ends- new German confederation is ends- new German confederation is createdcreated

Bismarck allows Austria to keep their Bismarck allows Austria to keep their independence to “avoid leaving independence to “avoid leaving behind any desire for revenge”behind any desire for revenge”

Page 11: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Franco-Prussian WarFranco-Prussian War

Dispute over Spanish throne leads to Dispute over Spanish throne leads to conflict with Franceconflict with France

Bismarck manipulates the dispute into Bismarck manipulates the dispute into an excuse for war with Francean excuse for war with France

Another quick, decisive, German Another quick, decisive, German victoryvictory

France forced to cede territory to France forced to cede territory to Germany- they did seek revenge for Germany- they did seek revenge for thisthis

Page 12: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Unified GermanyUnified Germany

Prussian King Prussian King William I crowned William I crowned as German Kaiseras German Kaiser

Germany embarks Germany embarks on program of on program of industrial and industrial and military military developmentdevelopment

An autocratic, An autocratic, undemocratic undemocratic government is set government is set upup

Page 13: ITALIAN AND GERMAN UNIFICATION 1852-1871. ITALIAN UNIFICATION PROCESS

Results of German UnificationResults of German Unification

Balance of power shifts quickly in Balance of power shifts quickly in EuropeEurope

Germany is now the major power on Germany is now the major power on the continentthe continent

They soon overtake Britain as an They soon overtake Britain as an industrial powerindustrial power

Kaiser William II succeeds his father, Kaiser William II succeeds his father, dumps Bismarck and begins dumps Bismarck and begins imperialistic program- trouble for imperialistic program- trouble for Europe….Europe….