Presented To

Sir.Salman Ashar

Presented by :

Presentation Outline

MultiplexingMany to one(MUX)One to many(DEMUX)Categories of multiplexingMultiplexing Application

Multiplexing

Simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data linkHigh-bandwidthUtilization of facality

Many to one/ One to many

Categories of multiplexing

Multiplexing

Frequency DM Time DM Wave DM

Synchronous Asynchronous

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

Modulated signals combined into single composite signalCarrier frequencies accommodate the modulated signals

MUX

DEMUX

Modulatorf1

Modulatorf2

Modulatorf3

Multiplexer

Modulatorf1

Modulatorf2

Modulatorf3

Demultiplexer

Wave-Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Light signals transmitted through fiber optic channelsCombining & Splitting of light source

handled by prism

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Multiple transmission can occupy a single link , sectioned by time rather than frequency.

MUX

DEMUX

Categories of TDM

Synchronous TDMAsynchronous TDM

Synchronous include Interleaving &

Framing bits

Synchronous TDM

Interleaving

Fast Rotating Switch

Demultiplexing process

Framing Bits

Perform time slots accurately

0 1 0 1 0

A B C O ---------0--------1 ---------1 ---------0

Asynchronous TDM

Avoid the waste of capacity of link Speed of the input lines can be greater than the capacity of path

Multiplexing Application

The Telephone System

Common carrier services & hierarchies

Categories Of Telephone Services

Services

Analog Service Digital Service

Analog Services

Analog switched service

Analog Leased service

FDM

FDM

FDM

FDM

48kHz

12 voice channels Group

240KHz

60 voice channels Super

Group

2.52 MHz

600 voice channels

Master

Group16.984MHz

3600 voice channels

Jumbo

Group

Analog Hierarchy

Digital Services

Switched/56 serviceDSU (Digital Service Unit)DDS (Digital Data Service)DS (Digital Service)

Switched/56 service

DSU

DSU

DDS Service

DSU

DSU

TDM

TDM T

DM

TDM

64 KbpsDS-0

DS-1

1.544 Mbps

24 DS-0

DS-2

6.112Mbps

4 DS-1

96 DS-0

DS-3

44.376Mbps

7 DS-2

28 DS-1

672 DS-0

DS-4

DS Hierarchy.

Line Rate(Mbps) Voice channelsService

DS-1

DS-2

DS-3

DS-4

T-1

T-2

T-3

T-4

1.544

6.312

44.736

274.176

24

96

672

4032

DS and T line rates.

T Lines

T-1 FrameFractional T lines

DSU/CSUT-1 Line