“it is science alone that can solve the problems of hunger ... · pdf filedisaster...
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“It is Science alone that can solve the problems of hunger and poverty….The future belongs to science and to those who make friends with science “ this was said by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
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Every day use 1.TV2.Internet3.Mobile4.GPS5.Radio6.Weather forecasting7.ATM
1. Natural resources management2. Environmental monitoring3. Disaster management3. Tele Education4. Tele medicine5. Spying
1. Natural resources management2. Environmental monitoring3. Disaster management3. Tele Education4. Tele medicine5. Spying
An orbit is a path that a satellite will take around the Earth, depending on its job.
Orbit Application
Low-Earth orbit Mobile communication, Reconnaissance, Astronomy
Polar orbit Weather, Navigation
Highly elliptical orbit
Communications at orbit northern latitudes
Geostationary orbit Communications, Weather
Take offTake off
First Stage First Stage SeparationSeparation
Second Second StageStage
SeparationSeparation
LEO Injection LEO Injection
CS SeparationCS Separation
SLV ASLV PSLV Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle(GSLV)-Mark I&II
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III
Height 22m 23.8m 49 m 42.4m 44m
Weight 17 t 40t 295t 414t 630t
Pay load and orbit
40kg Low earth orbit
150kg Low
earth orbit
1600 kg in to 620 km Polar Orbit,
1060 kg in to Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO)
2 to 2.5 t in to Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO)
4t in to Geosynchronous
Transfer Orbit (GTO)
Fuel Solid Solid Solid, Liquid Solid, Liquid, & Cryogenic
Solid, Liquid, & Cryogenic
C-Band Ku-Band
Most commonly used bands: CC--band band (4 to 8 GHz) , Ku, Ku--band band (11 to 17 GHz) , and Ka-band (20 to 30 GHz ).
The first successful satellite launch was by the Sovietsin 1957.
At initial stages main drives for the development were▪ Critical military applications,
▪ national prestige
▪ enabling space exploration In later years, many civilian applications of satellites
have been identified and extensively developed. India is amongst the first few countries to realize the
potential of space technology and its applications.
Space program
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
WEATHER FORECAST AND
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
• CHANDRAYANN, SROSS
• IRS (RISAT-1, OCEANSAT)
• ARYABHATTA, STUDSTAT, ANUSTAT
• INSAT (EDUSAT, GSAT)
GeoGeo--Stationary Stationary SatellitesSatellites
Experimental Experimental SatellitesSatellites
Space Space MissionsMissions
Earth Earth Observation Observation SatellitesSatellites
Earth Observation: Observing the Earth fromspace provides crucial data to supportimportant national requirements, such asweather and warning services, disastermitigation and climate change.
It helps protect and manage our naturalresources for sustainable development andthe future health and prosperity
AGRICULTURE & SOIL
Crop Acreage & Production Estimation
Soil & Land Degradation Mapping
Watershed Development
Horticulture Mission for North-East
AGRICULTURE & SOIL
Crop Acreage & Production Estimation
Soil & Land Degradation Mapping
Watershed Development
Horticulture Mission for North -East
WATERWATER
Potential Drinking Water Zones
Command Area Management
Reservoir Sedimentation
WATERWATERWATERWATER
Potential Drinking Water ZonesPotential Drinking Water ZonesPotential Drinking Water Zones
Command Area ManagementCommand Area ManagementCommand Area Management
Reservoir Sedimentation Reservoir Sedimentation Reservoir Sedimentation Reservoir Sedimentation
FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIOFOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO
Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Cover & Type Mapping
Forest Fire and Risk MappingForest Fire and Risk Mapping
Biodiversity Biodiversity CharacterisationCharacterisation
Environmental Impact StudiesEnvironmental Impact Studies
FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIOFOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIOFOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIOFOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO
Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Cover & Type Mapping
Forest Fire and Risk MappingForest Fire and Risk MappingForest Fire and Risk MappingForest Fire and Risk Mapping
Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity Biodiversity CharacterisationCharacterisationCharacterizationCharacterization
Environmental Impact StudiesEnvironmental Impact StudiesEnvironmental Impact StudiesEnvironmental Impact Studies
DISASTER SUPPORT
Flood Damage Assessment
Drought Monitoring
Land Slide Hazard Zonation
DISASTER SUPPORTDISASTER SUPPORT
Flood Damage AssessmentFlood Damage AssessmentFlood Damage Assessment
Drought MonitoringDrought MonitoringDrought Monitoring
Land Slide Hazard Land Slide Hazard Land Slide Hazard ZonationZonation
OCEAN
Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)
Coastal Zone Mapping
OCEAN
Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ)
Coastal Zone Mapping
LAND
Landuse/Land Cover Mapping
Wasteland Mapping
Urban Sprawl Studies
Large Scale Mapping
LAND
Landuse/Land Cover Mapping
Wasteland Mapping
Urban Sprawl Studies
Large Scale Mapping
WEATHER & CLIMATE
Extended Range
Monsoon Forecasting
Ocean State Forecasting
Regional Climate Model
WEATHER & CLIMATE
Extended Range
Monsoon Forecasting
Ocean State Forecasting
Regional Climate Model
Earth ObservationEarth Observation-- ApplicationsApplications
PLANNING COMMISSION• Agro-Climatic Zone Based Planning
(Land Use / Land Cover)
• Agroclimatic Planning Info. Bank-APIB
PLANNING COMMISSION• Agro-Climatic Zone Based Planning
(Land Use / Land Cover)
• Agroclimatic Planning Info. Bank-APIB
GEOLOGY & MINERALS• Vasundara
• GEOISMM
• Coal Fire studies
• Mineral Exploration
GEOLOGY & MINERALSGEOLOGY & MINERALS• Vasundara
• GEOISMM
• Coal Fire studies
• Mineral Exploration
Indian National Centre for Coastal and Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) www.incois.gov.in
Approach for Potential Fishing Zone based onChlorophyll & Sea Surface Temperature have beendeveloped, validated and transferred to IndianNational Centre for Coastal and Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS) for operational use.• 80% success rate is achieved.• 18 controlled experiments shows that search time has
reduced by 60-70%,• Average catch per unit effort has increased 2-4 times.• The average increase in net profit is about 2-4 %
Objectives
•
•
•
•
Objectives
•Improve productive potential of degraded watersheds
•Strengthen community institutions
•Poverty alleviation
•Create alternate livelihood options for vulnerable Group
Modern Technology
• Remote Sensing• Geographical Information System (GIS)• Management Information System (MIS)• SATCOM
Constraints and Problems
• Rainfall - Low, uncertain & uneven
• Recurring occurrence of drought
• Considerable area under wastelands
• High incidence of poverty
• Migration for employment
• Degraded Lands - Erosion, overgrazing
• Lack of infrastructure and facilities
Effectively used for
• Participatory Planning• Implementation• Monitoring & Evaluation• Impact Assessment • Capacity Building
Study
Area
KARNATAKA STATEKARNATAKA STATE
Sujala Watershed Development ProjectSujala Watershed Development Project
• Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, funded by the Department of Drinkingrecharge
•
• %
• Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission, funded by the Department of DrinkingWater Supply of the Ministry of Rural Development, ground water prospects and rechargezone
• The maps have been used for locating well sites and recharge structures.• The feedback shows that about 275,800 wells have been drilled with more than 90%
success rate 9000 recharge structures have been constructed.
Phase Required Information
Flood preparedness (Before Flood)
-chronically flood prone area-Prior information onprobable flood affected areaswith considerable lead time-Optimum evacuation plans
Relief and Rescue(During Flood)
-flood affected areas-flood damage statistics
Flood Mitigation(After flood)
-Change in the river course-the status of flood control works-river bank erosion -drainage congestion-flood risk zones
Deliverable Utilization
Flood map To map inundatedareas for organizing relief operation
Flood damages- Extent of inundation- Crop area submerged- Number of villages
marooned - Length of road/ railway
network affected
Quick assessment of flooddamages, for providing relief & rehabilitation
Flood control works and river configuration
Strengthening of existing & planning of future flood control works
River bank erosion Planning anti erosion works
Indication of chronic flood prone areas and floodplainzoning
Hazard zonation & floodplain regulation, planning flood control works
Deliverable from satellite
Flood relief action plan
The project also includesmapping1.2. protected
3.4.5. coastal
The project also includesmapping and monitoring1. vital / critical habitats,2. marine protected
areas,3. shore line changes4. impact of sea level rise5. integrated coastal
zone management.
Coastal Zone Studiesproject, &monitoring(i)(ii) coral
(iii) ofZone
Coastal Zone Studiesproject, mapping &monitoring of(i) coastal zone(ii) mangroves and coral
reefs and(iii) development of
Coastal ZoneInformation System
Generation of GlacierMorphological usingmulti IIIsatellite ancillarydata, Glacierinventory whichprovides detailsmainly glacieridentification ofnumber location,elevation, dimensions,orientation,
Generation of GlacierMorphological Maps usingmulti-temporal IRS LISS IIIsatellite images and ancillarydata, Generation of Glacierinventory data sheet whichprovides glacier-wise detailsmainly related to the glacieridentification in terms ofnumber and name, location,elevation, dimensions,orientation, etc.
Systematic observations and measurements on glacial features using glacier inventory maps/layers serves as an input to Himalayan Snow and Glacier Information System and Natural Resources Census Database
Systematic observations and measurements on glacial features using glacier inventory maps/layers serves as an input to Himalayan Snow and Glacier Information System and Natural Resources Census Database
(INFFRAS)
http://applications.nrsc.gov.in/fire/http://applications.nrsc.gov.in/fire/
To meet therequirements of theforest department atfollowing threelevels.Pre fire : Preparatory planning for fire control; During fire : Near real time active fire detection and monitoring; Post fire: Damage and recovery assessment and mitigation planning.
Satellite
1 IRS 1A
2 IRS 1B
3 IRS P1 (also IE)
4 IRS P2
5 IRS 1C
6 IRS P3
7 IRS 1D
8 IRS P4 (Oceansat-1)
9 Technology Experiment Satellite (TES)
10 IRS P6 (Resourcesat-1)
11 IRS P5 (Cartosat 1)
12 Cartosat 2 (IRS P7)
13 Cartosat 2A (IRS P?)
14 IMS 1 (IRS P?)
15 Oceansat-2
16 Cartosat-2B
17 Resourcesat-2
18 Megha-Tropiques
19 RISAT-1
Mission Completed
Crashed, due to launch failure of PSLV
In Service
IRS 1A, IRS 1B, IRS 1C were launched by Russian Launch Vehicle. All other satellites were launched by PSLV
Satellite Communications: Space can be asignificant tool for direct-to-home delivery ofinformation, including TV broadcasting andbroadband services, ensuring universalaccess, in addition to supporting defencecommitments around the world.
Space systems can be used to collectinformation and provide advancedcommunication networks with globalcoverage.
Position, Navigation and Timing: Space basednavigation and timing devices are critical tosmart infrastructure and social, economic andnational security.
They improve the regulation of air traffic andshipping
Provide precision measurements for civilengineering
Agriculture and water management. They assist individuals with navigation tasks and
enable location-based services.
India launched the Satellite InstructionalTelevision Experiment (SITE) in 1975-76 totelecast a series of educational TV programmeson health, family planning, agriculture, and adulteducation covering 2,500 Indian villages via theUS satellite, ATS-6
The Satellite Telecommunication ExperimentProject (STEP), conducted using Franco-GermanSYMPHONIE satellite during 1977-79, wasanother major demonstration of long-distancesatellite telecommunication application ofspace.
BROADCASTBROADCAST
Television Broadcasting
Direct To Home (DTH)
TV & Radio Networking
Speech Circuits On
Trunk Routes
VSAT Connectivity
METEOROLOGICALMETEOROLOGICAL
Meteorological Imaging
Data Collection Platform
Disaster Warning
Tele-health
Tele-education
Emergency Communication
OTHERSOTHERS Mobile Satellite Service
Search and Rescue
Satellite Navigation
DEVELOPMENTALDEVELOPMENTAL
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
INSAT-1A First operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite
INSAT-1B Identical to INSAT-1A
INSAT-1C Identical to INSAT-1A
INSAT-1D Identical to INSAT-1A. Still in service
INSAT-2A Multi purpose Communication, meteorology andSatellite based search and rescue
INSAT-2B
INSAT-2C Increased to improve communication facilities in remote areas like Northeast and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
INSAT-2D Communication
INSAT-2DT Communication
INSAT-2E Multi - purpose satellite for telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological services.
INSAT-3A Telecommunication, broadcasting and Meteorology
INSAT-3B Communication and Meteorology
INSAT-3C Communication, broadcasting and Meteorology
INSAT-3E Multi - purpose satellite for telecommunication, television broadcasting and meteorological services.
INSAT-4A First in INSAT-4 Satellites series provides services in Ku and C-band frequency bands.
INSAT-4B Communication
INSAT-4C Mission failed
INSAT-4CR Designed to provide Direct-to-home (DTH) television services, Video Picture Transmission (VPT) and Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG).
GSAT series
• GSAT-1-Digital audio broadcast, internet services and compressed digital TV transmission
• GSAT-2- Communication
• EDUSAT or GSAT-3 -First dedicated "Educational Satellite"
• GSAT-4- Failure
• GSAT-5P-Failure
• GSAT-8-More accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the GPS Satellite
• GSAT-12-Tele-education, Telemedicine and for Village Resource Centres
19.04.1975
Aryabhata
APPLE
19.06.1981
10.08.1979
RTP
18.07.1980
RS-1
10.01.2007
20.04.2009
ANUSAT
STUDSAT
12.10.2011
SRE-1
12.07.2010
YOUTHSAT
12.10.2011
Jugnu
SRMSat
Designed by Students
Experimental satellites by organization
Experimental / Small Satellites
Aryabhata
APPLE
RTP
RS-1
ANUSAT
STUDSAT
SRE-1
YOUTHSAT
Jugnu
SRMSat
Experimental / Small Satellites
To gain experience in building and operating a satellite in space.
Enabled experimentation in the advanced communications technology.
Second experimental remote sensing satellite.
Used for measuring in-flight performance of second experimental launch of SLV-3.
Demonstrate the capability to recover an orbiting space capsule.
SRMSat: To monitor Greenhouse gases in atmosphereJUGNU : Used to provide data for agriculture and disaster monitoring
YOUTHSAT: For the investigation of the composition, energetics and dynamics of earth's upper atmosphere.
Demonstrate the technologiesrelated to message store andforward operations.
mission to Moonmission to Moon
ASLV Experimental satellites
Satellite based communication and navigationand
resource
of
demonstrator
Satellite based communication and navigationsystems for rural connectivity, security needs andmobile services
Enhanced imaging capability for natural resourcemanagement, weather and climate change studies
Space science missions for better understanding ofsolar system and universe
Planetary exploration Development of Heavy lift launcher Reusable Launch Vehicles - Technology demonstrator
missions leading to Two Stage To Orbit (TSTO) Human Space Flight
Energy
1. Man’s quest for perennial sources of cleanenergy such as solar and other renewableenergies and thermonuclear fusion.
2. Helium-3 from the moon is seen as a valuablefuel for thermonuclear reactors.
3. Mining in planets or asteroids.
Food 1. Locating vegetation area
2.
1. Locating vegetation area
2. Artificial rain
Terrorism1. Technology to detect the bomb.
2. Technology to safe guard nuclearpower plants.
3. Spying the movement of people.
Corruption 1. Technology to monitor corruption
Whether we need to invest money in Spaceexploration ?
For all these above said application we need tobeg for other countries help.
They will sell this to our country. Like petrol and diesel price it will be increasing
day by day. Isro budget is only ~0.34% of central
government expenditure.
No
You people need to tell the importance of space technology.
You people need to teach the common man. You need to involve in the development of
new technologies. You people need to show interest in space
science.
Safety
Security