it has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a...

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It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.“ Es ist uns nicht entgangen, dass die spezifische Paarung, die wir vorgeschlagen haben, direkt auf einen möglichen Mechanismus der Vervielfältigung des genetischen Materials hinweist.“ (James D. Watson und Francis H. C. Crick (1953)

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Page 1: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

„It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanismfor the genetic material.“

„Es ist uns nicht entgangen, dass die spezifische Paarung, die wir vorgeschlagen haben, direkt auf einen möglichen Mechanismus derVervielfältigung des genetischen Materials hinweist.“(James D. Watson und Francis H. C. Crick (1953)

Page 2: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Wie ist das Zitat von Watson und Crick gemeint? Entwickelt eineHypothese wie die DNA verdoppelt werden kann.

Page 3: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material
Page 4: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material
Page 5: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material
Page 6: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Versuchsbeschreibung

Meselson und Stahl überprüften 1958 die drei Hypothesen bezüglich der Reduplikation der DNA experimentell

Escherichia-coli-Bakterien (E.-coli) wurden über 14 Generationen in zwei Nährlösungen gezüchtet

Nach drei Tagen wird die DNA aus den Bakterien extrahiert und einer Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

unterzogen.

In einer der Nährlösungen enthält das Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) ein „schweres“ Stickstoffisotop (relative Atommasse 15; 15N).

In der zweiten Nährlösungen enthält das Ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) ein „leichteres“ Stickstoffisotop (relative Atommasse 14; 14N).

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Page 7: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Dichtegradientenzentrifugation Die Dichtegradientenzentrifugation gehört zu den physikalischen Trennverfahren.

Verschiedene gelöste Makromoleküle werden in einer Ultrazentrifuge anhand ihrer Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit (s.a. Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit) unter dem Einfluss starker Zentrifugalkräfte sortiert.

Die zu untersuchende Probe wird auf die Oberfläche des Zentrifugenröhrchens gegeben.

Während der mehrstündigen Trennung sedimentieren die Moleküle mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit im

Lösungsmittel, und zwar solange die Dichte der Probe größer ist als die Dichte des Lösungsmittels und um so

schneller, je größer der Dichteunterschied ist.

Page 8: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Dichtegradientenzentrifugation Bricht man die Zentrifugation zu einem geeigneten Zeitpunkt ab, erhält man unterschiedliche Banden der Bestandteile der Probe.

Page 9: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Versuchsdurchführung

Page 10: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

NN

N

NN

N

N N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

Einbau des

„schweren“

Stickstoffes

in die Nucleotide

(Base, Zucker, Phosphat)

2

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Probenentnahme nach 3 Tagen & DNA-Extraktion

48h Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase I

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

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48h Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

? ?

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase I

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

3

Page 13: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

48h Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase I

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

„leichte“ DNA

„schwere“ DNA

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Nach 20 Minuten Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

Überführung in 14NH4Cl Medium („leichten“ Stickstoff)

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase II

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Page 15: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Nach 20 Minuten Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

?

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase II

4

Page 16: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Nach 20 Minuten Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Versuchsdurchführung / Phase II

Page 17: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material
Page 18: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

Page 19: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Nach 20 Minuten Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

5

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Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

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Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

Generation II

Generation I

Phase I

Phase II

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Generation II

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

Generation I

Phase I

Phase II

Page 23: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

Phase I

Phase II

Generation II

Generation I

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Page 24: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Nach 40 Minuten Dichtegradientenzentrifugation

E. coli – Bakterien in 15NH4Cl Medium

E. coli – Bakterien in 14NH4Cl Medium

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

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Generation I

Generation II

Generation III

… nach 20 Minuten

… nach 40 Minuten

Phase I

Page 26: It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material

Transfer auf die molekulare Ebene

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