it fundamentals i - team jjampong presentation

8/6/2019 IT Fundamentals I - Team Jjampong Presentation

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Council 8JJamppong


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HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)


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y The mechanism that reads and writes data on a hard disk.Hard disk drives (HDDs) for PCs generally have seek times of about 12 milliseconds or less. Many disk drives improve theirperformance through a technique called caching.

y It is the computer s main storage device used to store all dataon the computer permanently.

y Hard disk drives are sometimes called Winchester drives, W inchester being the name of one of the first popular

hard disk drive technologies developed by IBM in 1973.


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Failure of HDDs can resultto loss and inaccessibilityof data. Corruption of datacan also occur.

Hard disk drives have noadditional means to cool themoff while they are constantlysurrounded by heat-radiatinghardware. W hen thetemperature of a hard disk risesby 10C, its reliability becomestwo times less. According to

manufactures, the normalrecommended workingtemperature of a hard disk is 35-40 . Once it rises by just 10 from 40 to 50 , the safety of its work becomes more thantwo times less.


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CDROM (Compact Disc Read-only-memory)


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y S tores computer data in the form of text and graphics, as wellas hi-fi stereo sound. CD-ROM drives are generally used just toinstall a program or copy CDs.

y A pre-pressed compact disc that contains data accessible to,

but not writable by, a computer for data storage and musicplayback. The 1985 Yellow Book standard developedby Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any formof binary data.


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DVD-ROM(Digital Ve rsatil e Disc Read-only-memory)


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y A new type of read-only compact disc that can hold aminimum of 4.7GB

y The DVD-ROM specification supports disks with capacities of from 4.7GB to 17GB and access rates of 600 KBps to 1.3 MBps.One of the best features of DVD-ROM drives is that they arebackward-compatible with CD-ROMs. This means that DVD-ROM players can play old CD-ROMs, CD-I disks, and video CDs,as well as new DVD-ROMs. Newer DVD players can also read

CD-R disks.


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PATA (Parall e l ATA) and SATA (Se rial ATA)Advanced Te chnology Attachm ent


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y Parallel ATA (PATA) is an IDE standard for connecting storagedevices like hard drives and optical drives to the motherboard.PATA generally refers to the types of cables and connectionsthat follow this standard.

y This is the cheapest among the two but has a lowerperformance and quality, but it also has its positive functions.


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y Serial ATA has distinct key advantages over its predecessor.Cables are very thin with small 7-pin connectors. They can beup to 3 feet (1 meter) in length, and are easily routed to stayout of the way allowing maximum airflow inside the case.Setup is greatly simplified, and the technology even allowshot-swapping, meaning drives can be removed or added whilethe computer is running.


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RAM(Random Access Memory)


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y RAM (random access memory) is the place in a computerwhere the operating system, application programs, and data incurrent use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by thecomputer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from andwrite to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, thehard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM.


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CMOS RAM(Complementary Me tal- Ox ide Se miconductor )


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y

This is a type of memory chip with very low powerrequirements, and in PCs it operates using small batteries. InPCs, CMO S is more specifically referred to as CMO S RAM. Thisis a tiny 64-byte region of memory that, thanks to the batterypower, retains data when the PC is shut off.

y The function of CMO S RAM is to store information yourcomputer needs when it boots up, such as hard disk types,keyboard and display type, chip set, and even the time anddate. If the battery that powers your CMO S RAM dies, all this

information is lost, and your PC will boot with the defaultinformation that shipped with the motherboard.


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CPU (Cental Proc essing U nit )


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y The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred tosimply as the central processor , but more commonlycalled processor, the CPU is where most calculations takeplace. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most

important element of a computer system.


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PS U (Power S upply U nit )


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y This is the device that supplies power to your personalcomputer. Although you could plug the personal computersdirectly into standard electrical outlets, the power supply thenpulls the required amount of electricity and converts the AC

current to DC current and it also regulates the voltage toeliminate spikes and surges common in most electricalsystems.


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Expansion Card (add-on card, int ernal

card, int e rfac e adapt er )


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y The video card is an expansion card that allows the computerto send graphical information to a video display device such asa monitor or projector.

y

Many modern computers do not have video expansion cardsbut instead have GPUs integrated directly onto themotherboard. This allows for a less expensive computer butalso for a less powerful graphics system. This option is wise forthe average business and home user not interested inadvanced graphics capabilities or the latest games.

it fundamentals i - team jjampong presentation

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