Donald HesterMarch 9, 2010

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IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Part 2: Business Continuity

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Donald Hester

IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Part 2: Business Continuity

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NIST SP 800-34

OMB Circular A-130, Appendix III, requires the development and maintenance of continuity of support plans for general support systems and contingency plans for major applications.

Business continuity planning• reestablishment of critical business

operations • so that operations can continue

If a disaster has rendered the business unusable for continued operations, there must be a plan to allow the business to continue to function

Management must drive strategic planning to assure continuous information systems availability

Plans are referred to in a number of ways• Business Continuity Plans (BCPs)• Disaster Recovery Plans (DRPs)• Incident Response Plans (IRPs)• Contingency Plans (CP)• Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP)• Business Recovery Plan (BRP)

Some organizations may have many types of plans, some may have one simple plan

Most organizations have inadequate planning

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NIST SP 800-34

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NIST SP 800-34

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“A formal department or agency policy provides the authority and guidance necessary to develop an effective contingency plan.” • Identify statutory requirements• Identify organizational requirements• Management support• Create policy• Publish policy (communicate policy)

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Begin with Business Impact Analysis (BIA)if the attack succeeds, what do we do then?

The CP team conducts the BIA in the following stages:1.Threat attack identification2.Business unit analysis3.Attack success scenarios4.Potential damage assessment5.Subordinate plan classification

“The BIA helps to identify and prioritize critical IT systems and components.”

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Identify critical IT resources and dependencies

Identify maximum allowable downtime

Develop recovery strategies & priorities

3 types of threats• Natural - e.g., earthquake,

hurricane, tornado, flood, and fire • Human - e.g., operator error,

sabotage, implant of malicious code, and terrorist attacks

• Environmental - e.g., equipment failure, software error, telecommunications network outage, and electric power failure.

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“Measures taken to reduce the effects of system disruptions can increase system availability and reduce contingency life cycle costs.” • Redundancy• Backups• Environmental: A/C, Fire Suppression• Offsite Storage• UPS/Generator• Earthquake racks

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“Thorough recovery strategies ensure that the system may be recovered quickly and effectively following a disruption.” • Onsite Recovery, recover from backup• Hardware replacement,

Vendor agreements (SLA)• Alternate site, reciprocal agreements

Cold site, warm site, hot site, mobile site, mirrored sites

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Develop an IT Contingency Plan

“The contingency plan should contain detailed guidance and procedures for restoring a damaged system.” • Document roles and responsibilities• Document recovery information• Notification and Activation• Damage Assessment• Recovery Procedures• Call Tree

“Testing the plan identifies planning gaps, whereas training prepares recovery personnel for plan activation; both activities improve plan effectiveness and overall agency preparedness.” • Annual testing

Classroom exercises Functional exercise

• Find weakness• Train users so that when it happens you are ready

and know what to do

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“The plan should be a living document that is updated regularly to remain current with system enhancements.”• The plan must be maintained in a ready

state that accurately reflects system requirements, procedures, organizational structure, and policies.

• Keep a record of changes• Updated as needed

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“State, local, and tribal governments, as well as private sector organizations, are encouraged to use the guidelines, as appropriate." NIST SP 800-100

California Information Security Strategic Plan (OCT 2009)

"...by adopting the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-37 guidelines for certification and accreditation of information systems. Applying NIST guidelines to state government systems will demonstrate California’s leadership in building a resilient, secure, and trustworthy digital infrastructure."

"Establish a California modified version of the NIST 800-30 risk management standard as the risk management standard for all state agencies."

"Establish a California-modified version of the NIST 800-53 recommended security controls within all state agencies."

NIST SP 800-34 “Contingency Guide for Information Technology Systems”• Has sample documents

ISO 17799 § 11 COBIT § DS4.0 Guide to Disaster Recovery by Michael

Erbschloe ISBN 0-619-13122-5 DRI International Disaster-Resource.com

Donald E. HesterCISSP, CISA, CAP, MCT, MCITP, MCTS, MCSE Security, Security+Maze & Associates @One / San Diego City College

www.LearnSecurity.org

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IT Best Practices for Community Colleges Part 2: Business Continuity