it-2 workbook 2013

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  • MECHANICS DEPARTMENT

    HDA Javi Cerrada

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 2 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Index of contents

    My car needs to be serviced

    Motorbikes

    Vocabulary worksheets

    Appendices

    o Extra readings

    o Extra Grammar

    Glossary

    Notes

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 3 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Vocabulary worksheets

    Automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.

    Hub cap: piece of metal covering the hubs.

    Tail light: rear light.

    Back fender: side rear part of the body that covers the wheel.

    Roof post: vertical structure that supports the top of the car.

    License plate: piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile.

    Window: mounted pane of glass.

    Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.

    Roof: upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment.

    Door post: vertical structures that encase the windows.

    Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.

    Door: opening used to enter the passenger compartment.

    Front fender: side fore part of the body that covers the wheel.

    Trunk: place for stowing baggage.

    Shield: movable apparatus that protects against bumps.

    Indicator light: amber light that is used to signal changes in the car's direction.

    Head light: front light of a car.

    Quarter window: window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel.

    Hood: cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car.

    Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window

    of a car.

    Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.

    Grill: plastic or metal decoration over the radiator.

    Bumper: apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps.

    Windshield: the front window of a car.

    Sun roof: movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened.

    Door handle: part of the door used to open it.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 4 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Anatomy of an automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting

    people.

    Alternator: generator that produces an alternating current.

    Seat: type of armchair in the passenger compartment of a car.

    Tail light: rear light.

    Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.

    Muffler: device used to reduce engine noise.

    Body side moulding: decorative moulding on the side of a car.

    Trunk: place for stowing baggage.

    Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the

    axel of a wheel.

    Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.

    Window frame: border around a window.

    Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.

    Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.

    Battery: device that generates electric current.

    Air filter: device that remove impurities from air passing trough it.

    Distributor: case that is used to fire the cylinders.

    Windshield washer: liquid used to clean the windows.

    Spare wheel: wheel of a car used to replace a damaged wheel.

    Steering wheel: device used to handle a car in conjuction with steering and gear systems.

    Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear

    window of a car.

    Transmission: automobile apparatus that transmits mechanical power to the wheels.

    Rearview mirror: inside mirror used for looking backward.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 5 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Automobile (view from below): road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for

    transporting people.

    Crankcase: metal envelope protecting the clutch.

    Power steering: mechanism that automatically amplifies the movements of the

    steering wheel.

    Exhaust system: network of pipes through which spent gas is expelled.

    Gas tank: container used for storing extra gas.

    Rear axle: bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle. The rear wheels are

    attached to its ends.

    Line shaft: axle on which mechanical power is transmitted to the wheels.

    Tire: band of rubber composed of a casing of textile and iron, covered with rubber and

    containing a air tube.

    Radiator: apparatus that cools the motor.

    Hydraulic converter: device using static energy to modify the electric current.

    Differential: gear system connecting the two axles of a car.

    Transmission: device carrying engine power to axles.

    Shock absorber: device for reducing shocks.

    Oil pan: liquid tight metal envelope containing oil.

    Master cylinder: type of container in which the piston is moving

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 6 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Automobile dashboard: the control panel of a car. Contains gauges used to measure speed, distance traveled, etc. It is generally located in front of the driver.

    Turn signal level: control that operates the turn signals.

    Mirror: polished glass object that reflects an image.

    Windshield wiper controls: hand lever controlling the windshield wiper.

    Rearview mirror: mirror used for looking backward.

    Glove compartment: storage compartment at the front of the passenger compartment.

    Radio controls: button used to control the radio.

    Accelerator pedal: foot-operated control that accelerates a vehicle.

    Vent: opening that allows air to circulate in the passenger compartment.

    Brake pedal: foot-operated control that slows and stops a vehicle.

    Heating controls: button used to control the different heating systems of a car.

    Instrument panel: set of dials and pictograms that give information on the state of a vehicle.

    Steering column: set of mechanisms used for steering a car.

    Cigarette lighter: device used for lighting cigarette.

    Sun visor: movable device that shields against the sun.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 7 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Front frame of an automobile: set of metal parts forming the framework supporting

    the front wheels.

    Rubber pad: elastic plate that absorbs shocks.

    Brake: mechanism used to slow or stop a car.

    Front frame: the front part of the frame of a car.

    Lower control arm: part of the framework that gives flexibility to a car.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 8 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Types of bodies: shell forming the exterior of a car.

    Four-door sedan: passenger compartment with four doors and four side windows.

    Hatchback: two-door passenger compartment with a door at the back.

    Convertible: car with a removable roof.

    Limousine: large, six-seated passenger compartment.

    Pick-up truck: a small truck.

    Hardtop: two-door passenger compartment.

    Sports car: small, two-seated automobile.

    Van: small vehicle used to carry baggage; a small van.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 9 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Automobile engine: apparatus that converts fuel to mechanical energy to power a car.

    Air filter: device that removes impurities from air passing trough it.

    Pulley: small wheel with a grooved rim, bitted with a belt, that turns the cooling fan.

    PVC hose: vinyl tube.

    Cylinder head cover: removable cover on the upper part of the motor.

    Spark plug cable: cable connecting the spark plug to the distributor cap.

    Filter hole: cylindrical part forming the opening of the oil container.

    Spark plug cover: spark plug cover.

    Exhaust manifold: system that collects spent gases.

    Dip stick: instrument that measures the level of oil in a motor.

    Flywheel: wheel that, while turning, regulates the speed of the engine.

    Spark plug: ignition device of an internal combustion engine.

    Engine block: set consisting the motor, the clutch and the gearbox.

    Valve spring: mechanism that keeps the valve closed.

    Exhaust pipe: pipe through which spent gas is expelled.

    Oil filter: device that removes impurities from oil passing through it.

    Gas pump: device that moves gas from the gas tank to the engine.

    Oil drain plug: cylindrical part that is removed to drain oil from the engine.

    Alternator: generator that enables current in both directions.

    Gas line: network of hoses that transports the gas.

    Radiator hose: treated rubber tube that connects the lines of a combustion engine.

    Fan belt: piece of rubber that wraps around the pulleys and turns the cooling fan.

    Water pump: device that circulates water through the radiator.

    Fan: apparatus that feed in oxygen the engine's combustion.

    Distributor: case that enables engine's ignition.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 10 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Types of motors: devices that transform different types of energy into mechanical

    energy, creating motion of an automobile.

    Flywheel: wheel that, while turning, regulates the speed of the engine.

    Piston rod: rod that transmits the movement of the pistons to the engine.

    Crankshaft: collection of rods that transforms the rectilinear displacement of the

    pistons into rotary motion.

    Counterweight: weight that counterbalances the weight of the cylinder.

    Piston: cylindrical part moving up and down un a tube that receives pressure from the

    fuel.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 11 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Air filter: device that removes suspended particles from a liquid or gas.

    Air filter: apparatus through which air is passed to remove impurities.

    Cover: metal part protecting the air filter.

    Nut: metal part used to close the cover of the air filter.

    Vacuum hose: tubes used to expel air.

    Shutter: jointed flap that regulates air intake.

    Vacuum control: device that regulates pressure.

    Heater pipe: hose that uses the heat of the motor to warm air that enters the filter.

    Collar: adjustable metal circle that can be tightened to hold a hose in place.

    PVC filter: vinyl filter.

    Thermostatic valve: valve used to maintain a constant temperature.

    Air intake: place where air enters to be filtered.

    Clamp: collar that holds the cover in place

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 12 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Filters for small motors: apparatus used to remove suspended particles from a gas or

    liquid.

    Washer: round, thin metal part, hollow un the center.

    Housing: metal casing protecting the filter.

    Wing nut: winged piece of metal, to be turned by thumb and finger.

    Foam pad: a mass of spongy material used for filtering a liquid or gas.

    Gasket: lining that seals a joint.

    Filtering element: part through which liquid passed to be clean of its impurities.

    Pan: small container.

    Cover: piece of metal closing the filter.

    Filter: surface pierced with little holes.

    Cover: piece of metal closing the filter.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 13 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Negative terminal: place where a current conducting wire, the cathode, is attached.

    Automobile battery: group of similar elements that generates an electric charge.

    Plates and separator: thin, flat, rigid separator sheet.

    Vent caps: row of screwed-on cylindrical pieces that close the openings of a battery.

    Positive terminal: place where a current-conducting wire, the anode, is attached.

    Separator: partition that separates the compartments of a battery.

    Battery case: casing that protects the parts of a battery.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 14 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Hex nut: hexagonal piece of metal used to screw in a spark plug.

    Ceramic insulator: pottery support for the parts that conduct electricity.

    Automobile spark plug: electric part generating sparks to ignite an internal

    combustion engine.

    Spline: hollow channel.

    Resistance: device that controls the strength of the current.

    Spark plug gap: space separating the current conductors.

    Ground electrode: current device that unites the electrodes.

    Center electrode: central current conductor.

    Terminal: place where a current-conducting wire is attached.

    Gasket: spot where two part join together.

    Spark plug body: metal part of the spark plug.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 15 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Types of brakes: apparatuses used to slow or stop a moving vehicle.

    A - Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by friction, by pressing a disk against the

    wheel axel.

    B - Drum brake: mechanism that slows and stops a car by fiction, by pression brake shoes against a

    drum.

    Brake lining: frictional part on the outside edges of the brake shoes.

    Drum: cylindrical part attached to the wheel, against which the brake shoes are pressed to stop the

    car.

    Return spring: part of the brake mechanism that returns the brake shoes to their initial

    position.

    Piston: cylindrical part that transmits the pressure to and receives pressure from the brake

    shoes.

    Wheel cylinder: type of roller that applies a uniform pressure to the wheel then the brake is

    activated.

    Brake pads: part activated by the piston.

    Wheel hub: central part crossed by the axel.

    Stud: metal pin.

    Disk: round, flat, piece of metal, pressed against the wheel to slow or stop the car.

    Brake line: system liquid-transporting tubes.

    Brake shoe: part on which the brake lining is mounted.

    Splash shield: protector that prevents dirt from fouling the braking system.

    A B

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 16 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Tire: hollow, elastic casing enclosing an air-filled cavity.

    Tread pattern: raised designs on the surfaces of a tire.

    Side wall: side of the tire.

    Radical body cords: arched frame of the tire.

    Special high stiffness apex: filling material.

    Bead wire: wire moulding a tire.

    Belt: layers of different thicknesses that cover the frame of the tire.

    Tread design: part of the tire that comes into contact with the road.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 17 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Windshield wiper: mechanical sweeper that wipes water off a windshield.

    Arm: movable part.

    Articulation: part that attaches the wipes blade to the arm.

    Wiper rubber: piece of rubber used to wipe the window.

    Blade: part that supports the wiper and is attached to the wiper arm.

    Fluted shaft: grooved axle that rotates the wiper arm.

    Crank: arm perpendicular to an axel, used to create circular motion.

    Pivot: axis of rotation.

    Automobile Jack: a device equipped with a crank that is used to raise an automobile.

    Lever: solid movable part attached to a fixed point, used to increase an applied force.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 18 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Gasoline pump: device used to dispense gas to car drivers.

    Windshield washer: squeegee.

    Pump nozzle: apparatus at the end of the pump hose for pouring gas.

    Oil display rack: storage rack for oil containers.

    Trash can: garbage container.

    Pump attendant: person who pump gas.

    Safety post: metal post that prevent car from coming too close to the gas pumps.

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 19 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Motorcycle: two-wheeled motor vehicle with a capacity greater than 125 cm3.

    Tail light: rear light.

    Gas tank: container where gas is stored.

    Passenger restraint handle: part passengers can grip to hold themselves in place.

    Handlebar: metal tube commanding the front wheel.

    Headlight: front light.

    Telescopic shock absorber: piece formed of two parallel tubes, each consisting of two parts,

    one enclosing the other. The wheel is fixed between the tubes.

    Dashboard: set of information necessary for the functioning of an apparatus.

    Wheel: round object that turns around a central axle and allows a vehicle to advance.

    Disk brake: mechanism that slows and stops a vehicle by friction, by pressing a metal disk

    against the axel of a wheel.

    Frame: welded set forming the frame.

    Main stand: central support, used to hold the motorcycle in a horizontal position.

    Aluminum rim: round piece of metal forming the edge of a wheel.

    Dual seat: two-person seat.

    Exhaust pipe: tube with zigzagging internal passages that reduces the noise made by the

    exhaust of spent gases from the motor. It is situated at the rears.

    Front mudguard: piece covering the front of wheel and protecting the passenger from

    splashes.

    Spring suspension: mechanism that absorbs shocks.

    Rear mudguard: piece covering the rear wheel and protecting the passenger from splashes.

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    INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING

    Be was/were been ser, estar

    Become became become llegar a ser,

    convertirse

    Begin began begun empezar, comenzar

    Bring brought brought traer, llevar

    Build built built construer

    Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned quemar

    Buy bought bought comprar

    Can could been able (to) poder, saber, ser

    capaz

    Catch caught caught coger, atrapar

    Choose chose chosen elegir, escoger

    Come came come venir

    Cost cost cost costar

    Do did done hacer

    Draw drew drawn dibujar

    Drink drank drunk beber

    Drive drove driven conducir

    Eat ate eaten comer

    Fall fell fallen caer

    Feed fed fed alimentar

    Feel felt felt sentir

    Find found found encontrar

    Forbid forbade forbidden prohibir

    Forget forgot forgotten olvidar

    Fly flew flown volar, pilotar

    Get got got obtener, conseguir

    Give gave given dar

    Go went gone ir

    Have had had tener, haber

    Hear heard heard or, escuchar

    Hit hit hit golpear

    Hold held held sostener, agarrar

    Hurt hurt hurt herir, hacer dao

    Keep kept kept mantener, seguir

    Know knew known saber, conocer

    Learn learnt learnt aprender

    Leave left left marcharse, abandonar

    Lose lost lost perder

  • WORKBOOK Pgina 35 de 38

    HDA Mechanics Dptment

    Make made made hacer, fabricar

    Mean meant meant significar, querer decir

    Meet met met conocer, encontrarse con alguien

    Melt melted melted/molten derretirse, fundirse

    Pay paid paid pagar

    Put put put poner, colocar

    Read read read leer

    Run ran run correr

    Say said said decir

    See saw seen ver

    Sell sold sold vender

    Send sent sent enviar

    Shake shook shaken agitar, sacudir

    Share share share compartir

    Shave shaved shaved afeitar

    Shoot shot shot disparar

    Sing sang sung cantar

    Sit sat sat sentarse

    Sleep slept slept dormer

    Smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled oler

    Speak spoke spoken hablar

    Spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled deletrear

    Spend spent spent pasar (tiempo), gastar (dinero)

    Spin spun spun girar, dar vueltas

    Stand stood stood permanecer, estar de pie

    Steal stole stolen robar, hurtar

    Stick stuck stuck pegar(se)

    Swim swam swum nadar

    Take took taken coger, llevar

    Teach taught taught dar clases, ensear

    Tell told told decir, contar

    Think thought thought pensar, creer

    Understand understood understood entender, comprender

    Wake woke woken despertar

    Wear wore worn usar( ropa ), llevar puesto

    Wet wet wet humedecer

    Win won won ganar

    Write wrote written escribir

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    Glossary

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    Notes