issues in development sudan

7/28/2019 Issues in Development Sudan

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Issues in

Develo ment


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Develo ment


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What factorspromote and

hinderdevelopment in

Sudan?


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What factors promotedevelopment in Sudan?


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Political Factors

End of the civil war in the South andthe CPA Comprehensive PeaceAgreement


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Economic Factors

Infrastructural developments e.g. road, air and shipping theWorld Bank has agreed to assign $40 billion for rehabilitation ofSudan Railways, $42 million for roads and bridge projects and$7 million for river transport;

Excellent business opportunities as many areas of businessremain unexplored. Educated, elite who left Sudan are slowlybeginning to return to develop the unexplored opportunities.

quietly growing small merchant, trader, middle class,manager division developing and they will engage to protectwhat they have built and accumulated

Growing group of consumers amongst small merchant, trader,middle class and manager class;


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Economic Factors Regional investment e.g. by Kuwait, Gulf countries and Saudi

Arabia;

International investment from China, Malaysia and India;

Trade agreements with some countries e.g. China;

Leading families who are committed to investing in the countryin other to promote short, medium and long term development;

International aid in the form of grants and loans

relief anddevelopment assistance it is big business

War economy soldiers, rebels, UN and NGO workers are paidsalaries that are spent in the local economy.


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Social and Cultural Factors

Sudan peoples love of their country;

Gradually improving education and health servicesimproving human capital and potential;

The CPA states that 25% of parliamentary membersshould be women. This improves the gender inequalityissues of the past.

Education in all its basic mass forms includinginternet access for a growing number, travel, satelliteTV, new goods on the market thus opening up of agrowing number of minds by exposure;


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Environmental Factors

Abundant natural resources e.g. water, landand oil. Sudan is now an oil exporting country;

Large land mass and potential for agriculturaldevelopment e.g. wheat production in theNorthern Nubian Region;

Worldwide shortage of oil and a

forecasted world food shortage makesSudan attractive for investment

opportunities


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Demographic Factors

Relatively large population (35-40million);

The high Crude Birth Rate today willresult in an active and productiveworkforce in the future, if they areeducated and trained;


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Geographic Location

Border trade opportunities with 8countries. Sudan is also part of

COMESA;

The Common Market for Eastern and

Southern Africa promoting regionaleconomic integration through tradeand investment


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What factors hinderdevelopment in Sudan?


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Political Factors

Centralised decision making very little localparticipation in decision-making and lack ofdemocracy;

Inability of government to get things done and lackof vision and planning;

Darfur and other regional issues, especially the lackof implementation of the CPA in the south;

British legacy :-

Disparate tribal, cultural and religious groups putinto one convenient box called Sudan. This is theground under the foundations of Sudan and from

whence many problems emanate


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Political Factors

Nations perceived lack of politicalstability;

Bad world image in the news of Sudan asa rogue Islamic Terrorist State;

Corruption in public office inhibitsnational and international investment.


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Economic Factors

Poor infrastructure e.g. roads, electricity andcommunication. This increases transactioncosts for businesses;

Poorly skilled workforce;

Lack of transparency;

International trade sanctions anddisinvestment by US companies due toDarfur;


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Economic Factors

Lack of internal micro credit for small scaleentrepreneurs;

Split between the core (Khartoum) and periphery (the

rest of Sudan);

Growing reluctance to allow foreign workers to enterthe country and those that are here send money back

to their country reducing spending here;

Poor agricultural development support from thegovernment;


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Poverty, poor education and training, poor healthservices and gender inequality particularly in thesouth, but also in the East and in Darfur hinderingthe human potential of the population;

Human rights issues continue to affect externalrelations;

Most government spending on military rather than

education; Large numbers of refugees and Internally Displaced

Peoples who are an under-utilised human resource;


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Departure of educated elite overseas braindrain;

Insecurity in Darfur means that many peopledo not receive basic food rations;

Lack of accountability for civilian rights;

Marginalisation of minority communities andtribes in peripheral areas.


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Environmental and DemographicFactors

Limited accessibility due to desertlandscape predominately in the north

and wetland Sudd marshes in theSouth;

High Crude Birth Rate is placing hugepressures on the education and healthsystems;


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Examination Question

November 2007 Paper 1

Examine the major development issuesin a country of your choice (10 marks)


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issues in development sudan

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