issue in research design. steps in research idea review of the literature use of journal articles...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Issue in research design
![Page 2: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Steps in research
Idea Review of the literature
Use of journal articles
Using the internet
Data bases: psychinfo, proquest (scholarly journals), NCJRS, Lexus-Nexis
![Page 3: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Steps
Re-evaluation of the original idea Conceptualization, specification of terms
Gun control
Recidivism
Violence in prisons
Operationalization—how will concepts be measured? Examples
![Page 4: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Steps
Population and sample Research method(s) Experiments, surveys, observation,
record analysis, evaluation Data processing Statistical analysis, descriptive and
inferential
![Page 5: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Steps
Discussion, theoretical and practical applications
APA style
![Page 6: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Research proposals & grants
Granting agencies i.e., MO Department of Public Safety,
National Institute of Justice (NIJ), National Institute of Corrections (NIC), Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Open grants Requests for Proposals (RFPs)
![Page 7: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Components of a proposal
Abstract or Executive Summary Introduction: problem, literature review Method: subjects section, instruments
section, procedure (data collection) Schedule Budget Bibliography and appendices
![Page 8: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Research article
Abstract, Introduction, Method section with 3 possible subsections (subjects, instruments, procedure), Results, Discussion, Bibliography, Appendices
Research article in the past tense, includes results and discussion
Proposal in the future tense, no results and discussion, but has schedule & budget
![Page 9: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Conceptualization
Specify what is meant by a particular term
Dimension: specifiable aspect of a concept
Liberal vs. conservative What are some aspects of this concept? Gun control
![Page 10: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Operational definition
How a concept will be measured Prison violence—how will we “count” it? Incidents Perceptions Morale in an agency Citizen satisfaction/dissatisfaction of
police Trait of aggression
![Page 11: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Characteristics of measurement
1. Levels of measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval/ratio Must be constructed Statistical analyses dependent on level
of measument
![Page 12: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Characteristics of measurement
2. Reliability: test-retest, inter-rater reliability, split-half
3. Validity: face, content, criterion-related, construct
Convergent and discriminant validity
![Page 13: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Some forms of measurement
Scales and indices Use of multiple questions, added
together to create measurement MMPI—your responses compared to
that of known psychiatric groups. Responses for a particular scale are added together
![Page 14: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Forms of measurement
Typologies Criminal behavior systems.
![Page 15: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Measuring crime
UCR Victimization surveys, NCVS, National
Crime Victimization Survey Self-report
![Page 16: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
UCR
Major problems Unreported crime—misinterpretation of
crime rates Dark Figure Citizens do not report, and sometimes
police do not (can be political, use of discretion)
Hierarchy rule
![Page 17: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Incident based measures
Supplementary homicide reports (SHR) Collects information about victims,
offenders age gender and race, relationship between victim & offender, weapon, location, circumstances
National incident-based reporting system (NIBRS): broader in terms of offenses, information about offenders and victims
![Page 18: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NIBRS
Also includes victimless crimes, attempted and completed, drug related offenses, computer crimes
Requires more time, police may selectively report
Voluntary
![Page 19: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NCVS
Conducted by Census Bureau since 1972
Interview survey technique, face-face Tends to miss business crimes,
victimless crimes, status offenses Does not include murder Recall errors-can’t remember,
telescoping, acquaintance crimes
![Page 20: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Other surveys
Community surveys Monitoring the future: annual surveys of
high school seniors Self report studies Use in combination with arrests as a
measure of criminal behavior
![Page 21: Issue in research design. Steps in research Idea Review of the literature Use of journal articles Using the internet Data bases: psychinfo, proquest](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d4c5503460f94a29c71/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Other CJ records
Arrests Convictions Recidivism All are affect by discretion and by
changes in policies Juvenile statistics are particularly
vulnerable to these problems