issue: harmful algal blooms hema, christine, bettina, joanne

56

Upload: alia

Post on 15-Feb-2016

51 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

ISSUE: Harmful Algal Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE. NUTRIENT RUNOFF. DISSOLVED OXYGEN. SALINITY. HEALTH HAZARD. ALGAL BLOOM. WATER TEMPERATURE. TURBIDITY. CURRENTS. Research Question. WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE
Page 2: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

ISSUE: Harmful Algal Blooms

HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Page 3: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE
Page 4: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE
Page 5: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

ALGAL BLOOM

SALINITY

HEALTH HAZARD

NUTRIENT RUNOFF

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

WATER TEMPERATURE

CURRENTS TURBIDITY

Page 6: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY ( SALINITY, DO, pH) ON THE DIVERSTIY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE CHOPTANK RIVER – HORN POINT?

Research Question

Page 7: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Harmful Algal BloomsHarmful algal blooms may

cause harm through the production of toxins or by

their accumulated biomass. Algal blooms are natural

occurrences.

Page 8: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

A Noctiluca bloom in Hong Kong

Page 9: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

To the human eye, blooms can appear greenish, brown, and even reddish- orange depending upon the algal species, the aquatic ecosystem, and the concentration of the organisms.

Appearance

Page 10: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Rhizosolenia bloom in the Hood Canal, Washington.

Page 11: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

ImpactImpacts include human illness and mortality following consumption of or indirect exposure to HAB toxins, substantial economic losses to coastal communities and commercial fisheries, and HAB-associated fish, bird and mammal mortalities.

Page 12: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Some algal blooms are non-toxic but aesthetically unpleasant or noxious.

Page 13: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Nutrient runoff is the major cause of all algal blooms, and causes blooms in all types of algae, HABs as well as cyanobacteria due to the increase of nutrients.

Causes:

Page 14: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Warmer water temperatures increase the incidence of HABs because HABs can survive in warmer water, while the more important helpful type of phytoplankton (cyanobacteria – blue green algae) are compromised.

Causes:

Page 15: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Salinity is a limiting factor that affects the growth of all algae species, different species are adapted to different ranges of salinity. For example after a strom surge or storm, the increase of fresh water will reduce the salinity of the bay, impacted the growth of endemic species.

Causes:

Page 16: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Algeas bloomsA Noctiluca bloom in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico.

Page 17: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Harmful algal blooms: 1) Species which are harmless in small

amounts, cause fish kills when large colonies decompose and deplete dissolved oxygen.

2) Species which produce toxins that can cause illness or death in organisms which eat them; also cause illness or death further up the food chain through bioaccumulation.

3) Species that are not toxic, but can irritate and damage gills of fish and tissues of other organisms with their microscopic spines.

Page 18: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Noctiluca bloom in China.

Page 19: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

A bloom of Nodularia spummigena, a blue green algae.

Page 20: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

These outbreaks are commonly called red tides, but scientists prefer the term "harmful algal blooms"

(or HABs).

Red Tide??

Page 21: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Red Tide

Page 22: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Symptoms range from the mild: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain memory loss, disorientation, respiratory irritation skin irritation, muscle aches, headaches

To severe:reversal of temperature and dizziness.

Rarely: paralysis or death can occur.

Page 23: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Probable algal bloom in Australia as viewed from the ISS.

Page 24: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Players Beliefs ValuesLocal government •Want public

support•Want a well managed community•Want to make decisions for the community

PoliticalEconomic

Environmental regulation(MDE)

•Want to implement and regulate environmental legislations

Legal

Health department •Want to make sure people are healthy•Want to make sure public are aware of health hazards

Health & safetyEducational

Page 25: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Players Beliefs ValuesFishermen •Want to make profit

•Do not want to harm the environment

EconomicEnvironmental

Scientists • Want to collect information/research•Want to share the information with the public

EducationalScientificEcologicalEnvironmental

Public •Want to be safe•Want a safe environment for you’re their family•Want the tax payer money to be put to good work•Want beautiful water bodies

EgocentricAestheticHealth and safetyRecreation

Page 26: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Physical survey conducted at Horn Point pier on 6/29/10.

Page 27: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Samples were

collected at 3 different

sites on the pier.

Page 28: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Collected data on pH, salinity and DO with probes.

Page 29: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Weather conditions and water turbidity were also collected.

Page 30: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Plankton were sampled by standard plankton tow method.

Page 31: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Samples were taken to the lab, examined and plankton identified and counted.

Page 32: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Samples were .

Page 33: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

1. Have you ever swam in a body of water? Y N2. Can we get sick by swimming in a body of water? Y N

3. Have you been sick after swimming in a body of water? Y N

4. What do you think can make you sick when you swim in a body of water?

5. Do you know what in algae are? Y N

6. Do you know what algae blooms are? Never heard of it Heard of it Know what it is Know more about it

Expert

7. What are some things that can cause algal bloom?

Questionnaire

Page 34: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Yes No13 0

Have you ever swam in a body of water?

Yes NO0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Page 35: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Yes No12 1

Can we get sick by swimming in a body of water?

Yes NO0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Page 36: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Yes No1 12

Have you been sick after swimming in a body of water?

Yes NO0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Page 37: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Yes No12 1

Do you know what algae are?

Yes NO0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Page 38: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Never heard of it

Heard of it Know what it is

Know more about it

Expert

2 3 6 2 0

Do you know what algae blooms are?

Never heard of it Heard of it Know what it is Know more about it Expert 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Page 39: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Bacteria, septic Algae, microorganisms Poop, Poop E.coli, Streptococci Septic, chemical runoff Excess chemicals Stagnant water, trash Sewage Microorganisms

What do you think can make you sick when you swim in a body of water?

Page 40: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

NA Temperature, salinity NA Not sure Sexual reproduction- “Mommy Daddy Bloom” Temperature Nutrients, warm water Fertilizer Runoff Nutrients, runoff Pollutants

What are some things that can cause algal bloom?

Page 41: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

PHYSICAL SURVEY DATA SHEET

SAMPLING SITE: Horn Point Pier, Choptank River

Date: 6/29/10 Secchi Disk (cm): 77.5 cmWater Temperature: 27.60 Weather: mostly cloudy

Air Temperature: 830 Wind Direction: NW

Salinity (ppt): 11 ppt Wind Speed: 5 mph

pH: 7.7 Barometric Pressure: 29.90

DO (ppm): 5.4 mg/L Tide: low

Page 42: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Pleurosigma - 3

Distribution: Every ocean and body of water.One of the most abundant phylum of algae. Swims freely as well as attaching to organisms.

Page 43: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

CocinodiscusDistribution: Every ocean and body of water.One of the most abundant phylum of algae. Swims freely as well as attaching to organisms.

Page 44: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Protoperidinium General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans.Open oceanboth heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic)

Page 45: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Karenia brevisDistribution: NE Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean waters. Respiratory irritations in humans and marine mammals

Page 46: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Prorocentrum LimaDistribution: European waters and NE AtlanticSecretes fast acting toxin and diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning.

Page 47: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE
Page 48: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Crab larvae

Page 49: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Data analysisSimpson's Diversity Index

Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases.

n = the total number of organisms of a particular species N = the total number of organisms of all speciesThe value of D ranges between 0 and 1. With this index, 1

represents infinite diversity and 0, no diversity.

Page 50: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Simpson IndexSpecies Number (n) n(n-1)

Pleurosigma 4 12Thalassiosira 1 0Kareniabreis 1 0Protoperdinium 1 0Prorocentrum lima 1 0Cocinodiscus 1 0Total 9 12

N = 9 ∑n(n-1) =12

12/9(8)Simpson's Index of Diversity = 0.17

Putting the figures into the formula for Simpson's Index:

Page 51: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

ConclusionWater quality Background Data Simpson’s Index

Temperature May to October: 22 to 35°C, November to April: 2 to 27°C

27

pH Optimal =7 and 8 Suitable=6.5 and 8.5 is Poor = Below 6.5 .

7.7

DO Optimal level = 9 mg/l. Acceptable7-8 mg/l Poor=3.5-6 mg/l is considered

5.4

Salinity Fresh water < 0.5pptBrackish water 0.5 – 30pptSaline water 30 – 50 pptBrine > 50 ppt

11ppt

0.17

Page 52: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Inference The low DO could be due to- Construction- Little mixing- Shallow water Low Simpson’s index could be due to- Low sample size

Page 53: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Recommendations Include nutrient study Conduct background research on the identified

harmful algae.

Page 54: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Action Plan Educate the public about algal blooms, their

causes, impacts and significance. Educate our students about algal blooms by

participation in programs such as NOAA Phytoplankton Monitoring Network, GLOBE, Creekwatchers, Bay Grasses in Classes.

Page 55: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Bibliography OzCoasts: Coastal Indicators - Frequency of Algal

Blooms." Information about Australias coast, �including its estuaries and coastal waterways and climate change impact. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 June 2010. <http://www.ozcoasts.org.au/in

"What are Harmful Algal Blooms." Virginia Department of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 July 2010. <http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epi

DNR State Website. (n.d.). Department of Natural resources. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from www.dnr.state.md.us/mydnr/as

Page 56: ISSUE:  Harmful  Algal  Blooms HEMA, CHRISTINE, BETTINA, JOANNE

Bibliography - images Name. (n.d.). Harmful Algae : Red Tide.

Home : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from http://www.whoi.edu/redtide/

DNR State Website. (n.d.). Department of Natural resources. Retrieved July 1, 2010, from www.dnr.state.md.us/mydnr