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Wind and Wave Statistics

for Offshore Israel

August 2011

Revision 4


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Table of Contents:

1.0 Background............................................................................................................. 3

2.0 Data Sources............................................................................................................ 3

3.0 Extreme Values....................................................................................................... 3

4.0 Extreme Value Contours of Wave Height and Peak Period............................... 5

5.0 Associated Design Conditions................................................................................ 6

6.0 Wind Speed by Direction........................................................................................ 8

7.0 Wave Height Operating Conditions...................................................................... 9

8.0 Air and Sea Temperatures................................................................................... 12

9.0 Recommendations................................................................................................. 14

10.0 References............................................................................................................ 15


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1.0 Background

ATP Oil & Gas is studying a prospect in the eastern Mediterranean offshore of Israel. The

location is approximately 34 E, 33 N in about 5000 feet of water. The development

concept is sensitive to wave period so detailed information on extreme wave heights andassociated wave periods is essential. ATP has appropriate wind and wave hindcast data

from Oceanweather. This report describes the calculation of the needed extreme windspeeds, extreme wave heights, and wave height and period contours.

2.0 Data Sources

ATP has purchased wind, wave and current hindcast data from Oceanweather, Inc. Thehindcasts are from the GROW series of hindcasts (Oceanweather, 2007). The data include

continuous year round wind and wave hindcasts for the 40 years from 1970 2009. The

grid point for the wind and wave hindcast is number 38098 at 33.125 N, 33.75 E. The

location of the grid point is shown in Figure 1. The grid point is close to the site, andappropriate for this metocean analysis. No current data are available.

Oceanweather (2010) calibrated their wind and wave hindcast using satellite altimeter data.The calibration equations are linear fits to quantile-quantile (QQ) plots. The calibration

equation for wind speed is

GROW1.620 1.201WS WS = + (1)

The calibration equation for significant wave height is

0 115 1 041HS HS+ (2)


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peaks in 40 years. The fit is shown in Figure 2. The return period values are shown in

Table 1.

Return Period (years) Wind Speed (m/sec)

1 16.310 19.3

100 21.7

Table 1. Extreme values of one hour wind speed at 10 m elevation above meansea level.

The Table 1 wind speeds are one hour averages at an elevation of 10 m. Wind speeds at

other elevations and averaging times should be found using the NORSOK (1999)

guidelines for wind profiles. These guidelines give the wind speed u(z,t)at heightz abovemean sea level for averaging period t as

0( , ) ( )[1 0.41 ( ) ln( / )]uu z t U z I z t t = (3)

where the one hour average wind U(z)is given by

0 0( ) [1 ln( /10)]U z U C z= + (4)

( )1/ 2

0

0.0573 1 0.15C U= + (5)

and the turbulence intensityIu(z)is given by


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Extreme values of significant wave height were estimated from the Oceanweather hindcast.

The analysis was made using the POT method. An optimum threshold of 3.0 m and aseparation of seven days were used to find the peaks. This combination of threshold and

separation time gave 262 peaks in 40 years. The peaks were fit using a three parameter

Weibull distribution. The fit is shown in Figure 3. The results are shown inTable 2.

Return Period (years) Sig. Wave Height (m)

1 5.07

10 6.67100 7.98

Table 2. Extreme values of significant wave height.

4.0 Extreme Value Contours of Wave Height and Peak Period

The critical combination of wave height and period for a floating system is not necessarilythe combination with the highest wave height. Designers should examine a range of height

and period combinations that have the same probability of occurrence as the maximum

significant wave height.

Environmental contours were used to give a set of wave heights and periods of equal

probability. A scatter plot of hindcast or observed heights and corrected peak periods was

contoured with a kernel density estimator. Each point in the scatter diagram was dressedwith a log-normal probability density function. All of the density functions were added

together to give a smooth probability density function for the entire data set. According to

Scott (1992) the optimum standard deviation of the kernel is given by


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5.0 Associated Design Conditions

Designing for individual extremes of winds, waves and currents is overly conservative

because the extremes are unlikely to occur simultaneously. The most realistic and accurate

approach is to use response-based design criteria. This approach requires an approximate

definition of the structure. The next best approach is to consider the joint statistics ofwinds, waves and currents. Two design cases are constructed. One case is the set of

conditions associated with the independent extreme values of the wind. The other is the

set of conditions associated with the extreme wave height.

Least-squares fits for the associated parameters are found as a function of the independent

extreme parameter. The expected values of the associated parameters are obtained fromthe regression lines.

Figure 5 is a scatter plot of the significant wave height versusthe one hour wind speed. A

linear regression for wind speeds greater than 10 m/sec gives

1.70 0.405 0.72sH WS= + (10)

Figure 6 is a scatter plot of hourly wind speed versussignificant wave height. A powerlaw regression gives

0.6544.80 1.9S

WS H= (11)

The relationship between significant wave height and peak wave period was found from

the contours described in Section 4. The associated wave period is the period at the

maximum wave height on the contour.


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Applying equation (11) to the extreme values of significant wave height given in Table 2

gives the environmental conditions associated with the maximum wave height. Thosevalues are listed in Table 4.

Years Hs(m)

Tp(sec)

WS(m/sec)

1 5.07 11.0 13.910 6.67 13.1 16.6

100 7.98 13.2 18.7

Table 4. Design conditions for extremes dominated by wind speed.

Wave spectra can be reconstructed from the significant wave height and peak period using

the JONSWAP spectral form. It is given by

( )

S f ff

fp

f f

f

p

p

( ) exp

exp

=

5

4

25

4

2

2 2

(12)

where

=

=

= >

a p

b p

f f

f f

0 07

0 09

.

.

if

if(13)


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6.0 Wind Speed by Direction

Figure 7 is a rose plot of wind speed and direction from the Oceanweather hindcast. It

shows that the wind direction is predominantly from the west. Figure 8 shows percentilesof wind speed non-exceedance in each direction. Numeric values corresponding to the

figure are listed in Table 5. The second column shows the omni-directional wind speed

percentiles. The percentiles are for wind speeds given that the wind is from the directionaloctant. This calculation does not account for the fact that winds from some octants are

much more likely than winds from other octants.

Percentile Wind Speed (m/sec) given directionOmni N NE E SE S SW W NW

50 4.66 3.47 4.04 4.01 3.06 3.11 4.81 5.75 4.2580 6.94 5.09 5.99 6.29 5.37 5.75 7.77 7.76 6.0990 8.23 6.02 7.18 7.52 6.69 7.32 9.89 8.95 7.08

959.55 6.94 8.26 8.47 7.75 8.66 11.75 10.20 7.99

98 11.41 8.46 9.62 9.51 9.08 10.20 13.84 12.01 9.3699 12.78 9.95 10.38 10.31 9.89 11.36 14.95 13.27 10.52

Table 5. Wind speeds percentiles given that the wind is from the directionindicated.

Table 6 takes this difference into account by showing the percent of time the wind speeds

in the first column of the table are exceeded in each direction. The top line of the table for0 m/sec wind speed gives the percent of time the wind is from the direction shown.

For example, a wind speed from the north of 5 m/sec is exceeded 2.07% of the time. That


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Speed

(m/sec)

Direction

N NE E SE S SW W NW0 9.6475 9.0315 6.2474 3.3445 3.5549 12.7678 37.6386 17.76781 8.8629 8.3761 5.6759 2.8636 3.0749 12.1561 36.9182 16.95762 7.4418 7.3400 4.8811 2.2579 2.4410 11.0489 35.2918 15.17033 5.6785 6.0720 4.0469 1.7112 1.8438 9.6022 32.5950 12.75154 3.7620 4.5645 3.1289 1.2141 1.3244 7.8551 28.5489 9.71425 2.0705 3.0108 2.2450 0.7931 0.9351 6.0198 23.2324 6.51356 0.9762 1.7950 1.4352 0.5039 0.6502 4.4687 17.1535 3.7581

7 0.4637 0.9925 0.8581 0.2764 0.4175 3.2692 11.1567 1.87038 0.2669 0.5339 0.4569 0.1318 0.2421 2.3640 6.5272 0.87539 0.1514 0.2806 0.2070 0.0706 0.1480 1.7368 3.6251 0.4432

10 0.0927 0.1281 0.0811 0.0262 0.0789 1.2218 2.0795 0.247311 0.0556 0.0548 0.0334 0.0047 0.0471 0.8445 1.2474 0.133012 0.0334 0.0230 0.0125 0.0015 0.0232 0.5681 0.7546 0.075313 0.0142 0.0117 0.0034 0.0007 0.0110 0.3765 0.4329 0.036114 0.0079 0.0095 0.0001 0.0055 0.2357 0.2293 0.0130

15 0.0007 0.0072 0.0045 0.1189 0.1142 0.002516 0.0046 0.0024 0.0563 0.0513 0.000317 0.0007 0.0013 0.0253 0.021718 0.0117 0.006819 0.0059 0.000720 0.001921 0.0001

Table 6. Percent of time that the wind speed is greater than the listed speed andin the direction shown.


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Percentile Significant wave height (m) given direction

Omni N NE E SE S SW W NW50 0.93 0.65 1.18 1.09 0.77 0.62 0.68 0.68 0.6080 1.41 1.05 2.10 1.61 1.09 0.88 1.02 1.01 0.9190 1.86 1.31 2.76 2.12 1.38 1.13 1.27 1.25 1.1295 2.43 1.55 3.41 2.73 1.84 1.53 1.56 1.47 1.3198 3.24 1.96 4.17 3.54 2.66 2.04 1.93 1.71 1.5199 3.82 2.09 4.53 4.10 3.21 2.53 2.21 1.90 1.66

Table 7. Wave height percentiles given that the waves are in the directionindicated.

Height(m)

Direction

N NE E SE S SW W NW

0 0.9523 2.8157 56.4759 20.8436 6.3167 7.1894 3.8989 1.50751 0.2088 1.6384 32.9757 5.3037 0.8504 1.5161 0.8171 0.22292 0.0151 0.6152 6.5580 0.8500 0.1413 0.1149 0.0282 0.00193 0.2079 2.1090 0.2657 0.0288 0.0107 0.00024 0.0715 0.6468 0.0761 0.0017 0.00465 0.0093 0.1779 0.00806 0.0004 0.0352 0.00057 0.0027

Table 8. Percent of time that the waves are greater than the listed height and inthe direction shown.

Figure 11 shows contours of significant wave height and peak period for percentile non-


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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Hs

0.5 88.21 88.52 87.70 81.90 81.12 93.16 98.81 98.72 95.76 84.94 82.79 86.73 89.04

1.0 53.54 53.74 49.74 42.82 31.65 39.23 52.83 47.21 39.28 26.24 35.97 50.51 43.53

1.5 31.35 33.95 27.80 20.85 9.73 7.80 8.99 5.25 5.76 8.14 18.52 28.48 17.14

2.0 18.72 21.25 16.58 9.02 3.52 1.23 0.69 0.35 0.74 2.69 9.21 16.65 8.33

2.5 11.35 13.20 9.81 3.95 1.50 0.20 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.98 5.14 9.84 4.64

3.0 6.45 8.00 5.56 1.88 0.59 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 3.04 6.04 2.62

3.5 3.57 4.48 3.10 1.06 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67 3.80 1.48

4.0 1.98 2.48 1.88 0.38 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 2.17 0.80

4.5 0.89 1.38 1.07 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 1.12 0.41

5.0 0.39 0.77 0.42 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.64 0.20

Table 9. Percent exceedance of significant wave height for each month and the whole year.

Peak Period (sec)

0.0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-2.5 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 4.5-5.0 5.0-5.5 5.5-6.0 6.0-6.5 6.5-7.0 7.0-7.5 7.5-8.0 Sum

0-1 0.00991 0.00270 0.00017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0128

1-2 0.30123 0.11290 0.01017 0.00021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4245

2-3 1.78567 1.08951 0.16590 0.00606 0.00005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0472

3-4 4.65295 5.29004 1.60743 0.13071 0.00285 0.00002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.6840

4-5 5.27493 10.98905 6.77740 1.24525 0.06795 0.00111 0.00001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.3557

5-6 2.95127 8.10158 8.29280 3.04508 0.39659 0.01901 0.00043 0.00001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.8068

6-7 1.34775 3.69079 5.01857 3.29755 0.99698 0.13920 0.01012 0.00044 0.00001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14.5014

7-8 0.71440 1.61816 2.28410 2.32260 1.47971 0.52537 0.10203 0.01240 0.00118 0.00007 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.0600

8-9 0.48756 0 .94056 1 .03812 1 .05841 1 .09941 0 .86247 0 .41112 0 .11258 0 .01981 0 .00244 0 .00017 0 .00001 0 0 0 0 6.0327

9-10 0. 32659 0. 59358 0. 56013 0. 43602 0. 41895 0. 49785 0. 49699 0. 32058 0. 12401 0. 02796 0. 00432 0. 00062 0. 00006 0 0 0 3.8077

10-11 0.21295 0.36475 0.32974 0.25367 0.18875 0.15752 0.19134 0.22980 0.19031 0.09901 0.03355 0.00836 0.00177 0.00027 0.00002 0 2.261811-12 0. 11614 0.19882 0.19609 0.15823 0.10882 0.06531 0.04789 0.05364 0.07343 0.07977 0.05577 0.02487 0.00748 0.00173 0.00026 0.00002 1.1883

12-13 0. 05346 0.09158 0.09145 0.07539 0.05037 0.02884 0.01841 0.01566 0.01620 0.02046 0.02354 0.01838 0.01012 0.00439 0.00138 0.00023 0.5199

13-14 0. 02557 0.04119 0.03878 0.03363 0.02687 0.01683 0.00953 0.00617 0.00383 0.00445 0.00609 0.00662 0.00692 0.00523 0.00224 0.00043 0.2344

14-15 0. 00866 0.01130 0.00914 0.00772 0.00446 0.00203 0.00169 0.00098 0.00039 0.00104 0.00178 0.00130 0.00084 0.00054 0.00016 0.00001 0.0520

15-16 0.00291 0.00294 0.00197 0.00140 0.00045 0.00005 0.00001 0.00001 0 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001 0 0 0 0 0.0098

16-17 0.00124 0.00101 0.00024 0.00002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0025

17-18 0.00011 0.00009 0.00002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0002

Sum 18.2733 33.1406 26.4222 12.0720 4.8422 2.3156 1.2896 0.7523 0.4292 0.2352 0.1252 0.0602 0.0272 0.0122 0.0041 0.0007 100.0016

Wave Height and Period Scatter Diagram

Table li sts percentages

Significant Wave Height (m)

Table 10. Significant wave height and peak period scatter diagram. The numbers in the table are the percentage of time the combination

of wave height and period is expected in the cell.


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in Figure 13. The curves show that once the wave height exceeds 2 m, there is a 20%

chance that it will stay above 2 m less than 12.7 hours. There is an 80% chance that thewave height will stay above 2 m less than 56.1 hours. The favorable condition curves for

January show that once the wave height becomes lower than 2 m, there is a 20% chance

that it will stay below 2 m for less than 26.1 hours. That means there is an 80% chance

that it will stay below 2 m for longer than 26.1 hours. There is an 80% chance that it willstay below 2 m for less than 236.7 hours.

8.0 Air and Sea Temperatures

Average air temperatures were found from climatological data at Haifa, Israel (32.8 N,

35.3 E). Table 11 lists the daily average temperatures for each month along with the

average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for each month.

Sea water temperatures were taken from the World Ocean Atlas 2009. Table 12 lists the

average temperature as a function of depth for each month. Table 13 lists the standarddeviation of the temperature as a function of depth for each month.

Month Daily Average(C)

Average DailyMaximum (C)

Average DailyMinimum (C)

Jan 13.3 17.8 8.9

Feb 13.3 17.8 8.9

Mar 15.6 19.4 10.6

Apr 18.3 23.3 13.3

May 21.7 26.1 17.2

Jun 25.0 28.9 20.6

Jul 27.2 31.1 23.3

Aug 27.8 31.1 23.9Sep 26.1 30.0 22.2

Oct 23.3 27.2 18.3

N 18 9 23 9 13 9


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Depth

(m)

Average Temperature (C)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0 18.23 17.12 16.96 18.20 20.92 24.15 26.61 27.69 27.30 25.54 22.86 20.1810 18.20 17.15 16.92 17.95 20.59 23.88 26.34 27.33 27.00 25.44 22.87 20.1620 18.14 17.07 16.89 17.79 19.77 22.42 24.88 26.41 26.59 25.30 22.87 20.1830 18.10 17.03 16.89 17.61 18.88 20.27 21.83 23.70 25.14 24.91 22.84 20.1650 18.07 16.89 16.87 17.31 17.70 18.24 19.15 20.28 21.38 22.07 21.72 20.1075 17.83 16.90 16.72 17.04 17.19 17.22 17.58 18.09 18.40 18.63 18.91 18.74

100 17.10 16.79 16.69 16.83 16.95 16.91 16.95 17.18 17.41 17.48 17.45 17.35125 16.78 16.59 16.49 16.63 16.75 16.66 16.60 16.77 16.98 16.97 16.86 16.84

150 16.51 16.44 16.39 16.43 16.42 16.30 16.27 16.42 16.53 16.48 16.42 16.47200 15.91 16.00 16.08 16.06 16.00 15.98 15.99 16.00 16.04 16.08 16.05 15.94250 15.66 15.74 15.73 15.67 15.64 15.66 15.65 15.64 15.66 15.66 15.61 15.59300 15.26 15.33 15.30 15.23 15.25 15.28 15.24 15.18 15.22 15.27 15.23 15.19400 14.57 14.58 14.53 14.53 14.59 14.60 14.53 14.52 14.58 14.59 14.53 14.51500 14.23 14.18 14.09 14.02 14.05 14.17 14.24 14.19 14.08 14.05 14.11 14.19600 13.99 13.95 13.89 13.86 13.86 13.85 13.86 13.91 13.91 13.86 13.85 13.93700 13.87 13.87 13.80 13.74 13.76 13.79 13.79 13.77 13.76 13.75 13.76 13.80

800 13.78 13.77 13.70 13.67 13.72 13.77 13.75 13.71 13.69 13.70 13.71 13.74900 13.68 13.68 13.65 13.64 13.67 13.68 13.66 13.65 13.66 13.66 13.64 13.661000 13.66 13.63 13.61 13.62 13.64 13.65 13.66 13.64 13.63 13.63 13.65 13.671100 13.65 13.62 13.60 13.62 13.64 13.59 13.55 13.57 13.62 13.62 13.61 13.641200 13.60 13.61 13.61 13.62 13.62 13.58 13.56 13.55 13.61 13.61 13.60 13.591300 13.58 13.60 13.61 13.61 13.59 13.66 13.72 13.67 13.59 13.58 13.67 13.711400 13.58 13.63 13.66 13.60 13.59 13.63 13.60 13.58 13.57 13.57 13.60 13.621500 13.64 13.67 13.65 13.60 13.60 13.64 13.66 13.62 13.55 13.61 13.63 13.62

Table 12. Average sea water temperatures at 33 N, 34 E.


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Depth

(m)

Standard Deviation of Temperature (C)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0 0.497 0.324 0.280 0.274 0.833 0.374 0.716 0.535 0.406 0.786 0.892 0.36010 0.576 0.261 0.259 0.255 0.761 0.306 0.945 0.703 0.577 0.752 0.958 0.55220 0.356 0.237 0.254 0.213 0.642 0.701 1.603 1.200 1.001 0.764 1.141 0.37930 0.292 0.234 0.256 0.240 0.521 0.420 1.088 1.647 1.452 0.767 1.238 0.37350 0.253 0.238 0.224 0.172 0.349 0.163 0.662 0.818 1.040 1.024 1.270 0.36075 0.221 0.227 0.213 0.150 0.278 0.163 0.472 0.511 0.495 0.454 0.599 0.428

100 0.241 0.224 0.218 0.114 0.260 0.158 0.391 0.429 0.395 0.355 0.403 0.322

125 0.177 0.257 0.196 0.123 0.238 0.163 0.385 0.216 0.166 0.306 0.279 0.243150 0.196 0.270 0.157 0.165 0.163 0.116 0.315 0.177 0.181 0.097 0.180 0.149200 0.107 0.298 0.173 0.225 0.132 0.140 0.381 0.190 0.167 0.113 0.133 0.184250 0.111 0.000 0.224 0.182 0.244 0.114 0.443 0.217 0.178 0.132 0.191 0.199300 0.092 0.112 0.257 0.109 0.275 0.113 0.411 0.250 0.161 0.119 0.232 0.192400 0.073 0.000 0.164 0.170 0.166 0.064 0.240 0.226 0.138 0.082 0.187 0.153500 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.079 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.026 0.024 0.058 0.033600 0.000 0.000 0.059 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.021 0.035 0.022

700 0.000 0.000 0.054 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.016 0.034 0.015800 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.026 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.014 0.033 0.000900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.012 0.008 0.000

1000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.006 0.000 0.0001100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.0001200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.0001300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.0001400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0001500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Table 13. Standard deviation of temperature at 33 N, 34 E.


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point that is in the closest column to the coast. Given the recent increase in oil and gas

activity in the eastern Mediterranean, sharing the cost of a hindcast study with otheroperators should be possible. We recommend encouraging Oceanweather to develop a

high resolution eastern Mediterranean hindcast product.

If currents are important for the planned development concept, then hindcast current data

should be purchased and analyzed. The GROW hindcast does not include current data.The University of Cyprus has six years of hindcast current that is suitable for this project

development area.

10.0 References

Goda, Y. (1985),Random Seas and Design of Marine Structures, University of TokyoPress, 323 pp.

NORSOK (1999),Actions and Action Effects, N-003, Rev. 1http://www.standard.no/standard/index.db2?id=2174.

Oceanweather (2007), Global Reanalysis of Ocean Waves (GROW): Project Description,consultant report to ATP.

Oceanweather (2010), GROW Adjustment Description, consultant report to ATP.

Scott, D.W. (1992),Multivariate Density Estimation, John Wiley and Sons, New York,317 pp.
http://www.standard.no/standard/index.db2?id=2174http://www.standard.no/standard/index.db2?id=2174http://www.standard.no/standard/index.db2?id=2174


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Figure 1. Location of the GROW hindcast grid point used in this study.


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Figure 2. Extreme value fit to hindcast wind speeds.


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Figure 3. Extreme value fit to significant wave heights.


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Figure 4. Extreme value contours of significant wave height and peak period.


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Figure 5. Scatter plot and regression of significant wave height versus wind speed.


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Figure 6. Scatter plot and regression of hourly average wind speed versussignificant wave height.


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Figure 7. Wind speed and direction rose plot. Directions are from which the wind blows.


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Figure 8. Radial plot showing percentiles of wind speed given that the wind is in the direction shown.


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Figure 9. Radial plot showing non-exceedance percentiles that the wind is either not from the direction indicated or the windspeed in that direction is less than the radius to the line.


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Figure 10. Wave height and direction rose plot. Directions are toward which the waves propagate.


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Figure 11. Contours of significant wave height and peak period for percentile exceedances of wave height.


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Figure 12. Percent exceedance of significant wave height for each month and the entire year.


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Figure 13. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in January and February.


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Figure 14. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in March and April.


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Figure 15. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in May and June.


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Figure 16. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in July and August.


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Figure 17. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in September and October.


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Figure 18. Persistence of unfavourable and favourable wave heights in November and December.

israel criteria rev 4

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