isotopic signals in tree ringsresearch.cs.aalto.fi/astroinformatics/talks/oinonen... · 2015. 11....
TRANSCRIPT
www.luomus.fi
Isotopic signals in treerings
through CARATE and QUANOMAL projects
Markku Oinonen, L. Arppe, J. Uusitalo in consortium with LuKe group (Mielikäinen, Nöjd,
Helama et al)
Laboratory of Chronology - LUOMUS
5.11.2015Markku Oinonen / World Dendro 2014 1
www.luomus.fi
LHC
ALICE
2002-2006
14C,
TL/OSL
2007-
JYFL,
CERN,GSI
1992-2001
Time travellingwith various methods…
JYFL, CERN
Helsinki Institute of
Physics for LHC/ALICE
Presently: Quantifying the last
100 000 years by radiocarbon
measurements, luminescence
dating, stable isotope ratios
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi 5.11.2015 3
Laboratory of ChronologyCobweb of methods, people, projects evolving in space and time…
AF CARATE(UoH, METLA)
AF DECORATE(SYKE, METLA, UoH)
AF ARGEOPOP(UoH Viikki, Kumpula, Center, Hjelt)
AF FINNARCH(UoT, MTT)
AF FASTCARBON(UoH Viikki, Kumpula)
AF Palonen(UoH AMS, LoC)
RACAF14C within UoH
TEKES / Biocarbon(UoH, VTT, Neste Oil)
EU ICOS
AF CARMINE(SYKE, METLA, UoH)
LofC AMS
AF 259217(UoH)
AF 252911(UoH, Ioffe, UoO)
AF 259548(UoH)
SYKE
NBA
VTT
METLA
Cust.
Lab.
UoTMTT
CoE COIN(Aalto, UoH)
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
AF QUANOMAL(UoH, LUKE) LUKE
www.luomus.fi
Photosynthesis samples carbon12,13,14C from atmosphere to plants
Stable 12,13C and cosmic ray-
procuced 14C is sampled to trees
by photosynthesis
Isotopic signals:
Photosynthetically Active Radiation,
temperature, humidity, C cycle → 13C/12C ratio i.e. d13C
CR intensity, Sun, PAR,
temperature, humidity, C cycle → 14C/13C ratio i.e. d14C
Graphic: H.Bonner, Design: M. Oinonen for
Elämän Historia-exhibition / LUOMUS
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi 5.11.2015 5
Sample material: subfossil pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees
from Finnish Lapland covering the past 7500 years
21000 isotopic measurements produced, 9
papers coming out
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1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
δ13C‰
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Te
mp
era
ture
°C
δ13C corrected
Jul-Aug T
Complementary records of climate variability and tree physiological
response to climate by carbon isotopes – improved understanding of tree
rings as paleoecological proxies
CARATE - Climatic reconstruction for the
last 7500 years
SA supported HY & METLA consortium 2011-2015
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi
Cellulose factory160 tree-ring samples in a week
MSISS-system by Potsdam Dendro Lab: Wieloch et al., 2011, Dendrochronologia 29, 115-117
1) Manually sliced 2-50 mg samples including both early- and latewood
2) α-cellulose extracted with MSISS (Multiple Sample Isolation System for
Solids) Wieloch et al., 2011
3) Homogenization with ultrasound probe
4) For d13C:
• 70 g samples combusted and analysed via EA-IRMS for samples run in
duplicate
• typical reproducibility of samples better than ±0.13‰
5) For d14C:
• 5-10 mg samples combusted by CTC method, converted to graphite
targets and analysed at the Helsinki AMS facility
• precision ± 3‰
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi
Mystery cloud of 536-537ADHistorical and scientific evidence
Historical evidence from
Mediterranean sources:
sunlight was hindered by 18
monthsArjava A 2005. Dumbarton Oak Papers 59:
73-94; Rampino et al 1988. Ann. Rev. Earth
Planet. Sci 16: 73-99; Keys, D
P 2000. Catastrophe: an investigation into
the origins of the modern world. ISBN 0-345-
40876-4.
Anomaly seen in tree-ring data
throughout
the northern hemisphereBaillie M G L 1994. Holocene 4:212-217 and
refs therein.
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi
Tree-rings record the climate anomalyd13C, d14C and ring-widths from Lapland
520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570
-30
-28
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d13C
(‰)
year(AD)
CA02
530 535 540 545 550
8
12
16
20
530 535 540 545 550
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-27
-26
-25
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-23
-22
530 535 540 545 550
-32
-28
-24
-20
-16
-12
T(°
C)
reconstructed TJuly
d13C
(‰)
average d13
CCA01-CA03
d14C
(‰)
year(AD)
radiocarbon concentration
Oinonen, Arppe, Helama, Mielikäinen et al 2015. To
be published
d13C (and d14C) sensitive to PAR (Loader et
al 2013. QSR 62: 97-113) → consistent with light
intensity loss due to the cloud → primary
productivity?
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi
SA QUANOMAL 2015-2019Anomalies and primary productivity
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
Multi-proxy characterization of
environmental anomalies from
Santorini to 20th century (1902-03)
by using ring-width, isotopic and
density data
Correlate PAR with isotopic data to
get calibration for PAR loss during
the past volcanic anomalies → how
this has affected to primary
productivity?
Environment – human interaction
studies of LUOMUS
www.luomus.fi
775 AD anomaly in LaplandPolar enhancement?
Miyake F et al. 2012. Nature, 486, pp. 240–242. Usoskin IG et al. 2013. Astron. Astrophys., 552, L3.
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
Cosmic or solar origin of a
sudden 14C increase
in tree-rings in 775AD?
CARATE: visible in Arctic
tree-rings
Discussing the data with
Ilya Usoskin: polar
enhancement?
Continues with QUANOMAL
with multiproxy approach
www.luomus.fi
Cyclic d13C records
Ogurtsov M, Sonninen E, Hilasvuori E, Koudriavtsev I, Dergachev V, Jungner H 2011. Variations in tree ring stable
isotope records from northern Finland and their possible connection to solar activity. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar -
Terrestrial Physics 73(2-3): 383-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.02.020.
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
3.6 yr, NAO
Frequency
Pow
er
density
10.5 yr
CARATE calibration data 1800-1950, CA14 Stable carbon isotopic spectra
reveal cyclic behavior
3.6 year cycle → NAO
10.5 year cycle → solar
Isotopic signals contains
multitude of
environmental information
www.luomus.fi
In future
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
Quantifying the Past as a theme
Interested in environment – human interaction studies
Strong consortium of UH and LuKe (former METLA) to use Inari and
Salla tree-ring chronologies (southern Finland?)
Measurement facilities available for large sets of isotopic and
radiocarbon data (sample treatment, IRMS, high-quality 14C-AMS)
Hopefully more co-operation with the RESOLVE community
THANK YOU
www.luomus.fi 5.11.2015 13
12C - 98.89%, 13C - 1.11% 14C -0.00000000010%
Stable isotopes:
a) fractionation
normalization for 14C
b) origin of carbon and
processes within the
cycle
Radiocarbon:
provides timeline
Studies within
biospheric cycles (C,
H2O, N)
Union of carbon isotopesstable and cosmogenic
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015
www.luomus.fi
Mystery cloud of 536-537ADHistorical evidence
”the sun was dark and its darkness lasted for eighteen
months…light was only a feeble shadow”
John of Ephesos on Mesopotamia
”…the air is dense of rising moisture – as happened…for a nearly a
whole year as Belisarius held the consular office…”
John Lydos on Constantinople
Fimbulvinter of 3 years in Nordic sagas, ”one lived without Sun,
without Moon…” in Finnish folklore
after Rampino et al 1988. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci 16: 73-99; Keys, D P 2000. Catastrophe: an investigation into the
origins of the modern world. ISBN 0-345-40876-4.; Gräslund, B. & Price, N. 2012. Antiquity 86: 428-443.; Arjava A 2005.
Dumbarton Oak Papers 59: 73-94.; SKVR search 11/2013, http://dbgw.finlit.fi/skvr/.
Markku Oinonen / RESOLVE autumn 2015