Isolation vs. GlobalizationIsolation vs. Globalization

Unit 6Unit 6

Section ASection A

15a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in 15a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in WWI, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.WWI, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare.

WWI was a war of alliances. If you are in an alliance WWI was a war of alliances. If you are in an alliance and your ally is attacked? What are you obligated to do?and your ally is attacked? What are you obligated to do?In 1914, Austrian Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated In 1914, Austrian Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian. In retaliation, Austria attacked Serbia. by a Serbian. In retaliation, Austria attacked Serbia. Austria and Serbia were both members of alliances and Austria and Serbia were both members of alliances and therefore other countries began to get involved. therefore other countries began to get involved. Germany aided AustriaGermany aided AustriaBritain, France and Russia joined SerbiaBritain, France and Russia joined SerbiaThe U.S. had stayed out of European affairs since the The U.S. had stayed out of European affairs since the War of 1812, and Wilson had won the election for War of 1812, and Wilson had won the election for President on a promise of keeping the U.S. out of the President on a promise of keeping the U.S. out of the war. For three years he was successful. war. For three years he was successful.

Reasons for U.S. involvement in Reasons for U.S. involvement in the Warthe War

Violation of the Freedom of the SeasViolation of the Freedom of the Seas– Main reason for U.S. entering WWI was Main reason for U.S. entering WWI was

unrestricted German submarine warfare. In unrestricted German submarine warfare. In 1915, a German submarine sank the British 1915, a German submarine sank the British Passenger liner Passenger liner LusitaniaLusitania. 128 Americans . 128 Americans were on board. Germany promised not to were on board. Germany promised not to sink anymore ships without warning, but in sink anymore ships without warning, but in 1917 they began sinking U.S. merchant 1917 they began sinking U.S. merchant vessels. U.S. declared war.vessels. U.S. declared war.

More reasons….More reasons….

German Actions and Allied Propaganda: German Actions and Allied Propaganda: – Americans were shocked at the German Americans were shocked at the German

invasion of neutral Belgiuminvasion of neutral Belgium– The Zimmerman Telegram: A secret telegram The Zimmerman Telegram: A secret telegram

to Mexico from a high German official offering to Mexico from a high German official offering to return territory to Mexico, if Mexico would to return territory to Mexico, if Mexico would help Germany against the U.S. The telegram help Germany against the U.S. The telegram was intercepted and published in the was intercepted and published in the newspaper. This led to public outrage newspaper. This led to public outrage towards Germany.towards Germany.

15b. Explain the domestic impact of WWI, as reflected by the origins of 15b. Explain the domestic impact of WWI, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs.

With men away at war, many jobs opened With men away at war, many jobs opened for both women and African Americans. for both women and African Americans.

The Great Migration: African Americans The Great Migration: African Americans migrated in large numbers from the South migrated in large numbers from the South to fill the jobs in Northern factories. This to fill the jobs in Northern factories. This gave them the chance to escape the Jim gave them the chance to escape the Jim Crow south. The war accelerated this Crow south. The war accelerated this migration.migration.

Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts (1918) a Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts (1918) a person could be fined up to $10,000 and person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years on jail for interfering with sentenced to 20 years on jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal the war effort or for saying anything disloyal about the war. about the war. Do you think this violates the first amendment?Do you think this violates the first amendment?How would life be different today if these acts How would life be different today if these acts were still in effect? (think of the war in Iraq!)were still in effect? (think of the war in Iraq!)These acts targeted socialists such as Eugene These acts targeted socialists such as Eugene Debs.Debs.

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Section BSection B

Eugene DebsEugene Debs

A socialist who worked to change the A socialist who worked to change the horrible conditions experienced by factory horrible conditions experienced by factory workers.workers.

He was also against the war and the draft. He was also against the war and the draft. He was fined $10,000 and given a 10 year He was fined $10,000 and given a 10 year prison sentence for speaking out against prison sentence for speaking out against the war and the draft.the war and the draft.

15c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed 15c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations.League of Nations.

U.S. involvement in the war shifted the balance U.S. involvement in the war shifted the balance of power to the allies. In 1918 the war ended. of power to the allies. In 1918 the war ended. Wilson announced America’s war aims in his Wilson announced America’s war aims in his FOURTEEN POINTSFOURTEEN POINTS– They called for freedom of the seas, reduced They called for freedom of the seas, reduced

armaments and an end to secret diplomacy.armaments and an end to secret diplomacy.– The most important part was the League of Nations. The most important part was the League of Nations.

This was a association of nations to try to prevent This was a association of nations to try to prevent future wars. Unfortunately, the American people future wars. Unfortunately, the American people wanted to become isolated again from foreign wanted to become isolated again from foreign problems, and the U.S. never joined the League.problems, and the U.S. never joined the League.

15d. Describe passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing 15d. Describe passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing woman Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing woman

suffrage.suffrage.

1818thth (1920): Prohibition-This banned the (1920): Prohibition-This banned the sale of Alcohol in the United States. This sale of Alcohol in the United States. This led to the rise of organized crime led to the rise of organized crime (remember something always costs more (remember something always costs more if it is illegal). Gangsters like Al Capone if it is illegal). Gangsters like Al Capone grew rich and powerful by boot-legging grew rich and powerful by boot-legging (illegally selling) alcohol.(illegally selling) alcohol.1919th th (1920): Women’s suffrage- Women (1920): Women’s suffrage- Women gained the right to votegained the right to vote

16a: Explain how rising communism and socialism in 16a: Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and the United States led to the Red Scare and

immigrant restriction.immigrant restriction.

Nativism- the idea that people born in the Nativism- the idea that people born in the US were better than immigrant citizensUS were better than immigrant citizens

Anti-immigrant, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic Anti-immigrant, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic sentiments grew, and causes a revival of sentiments grew, and causes a revival of the Ku Klux Klanthe Ku Klux Klan

Fear of Communist takeover led to Fear of Communist takeover led to suppression of immigrants in the Red suppression of immigrants in the Red Scare of the 1920’sScare of the 1920’s

19b: Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 19b: Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans. German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.

Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941- Japan launched a Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941- Japan launched a surprise attack on the US Navy base at Pearl surprise attack on the US Navy base at Pearl HarborHarbor

This attack was the US’s official entry into WWIIThis attack was the US’s official entry into WWII

Because of fear of retribution from Japanese-Because of fear of retribution from Japanese-Americans, Roosevelt ordered them kept in Americans, Roosevelt ordered them kept in prison camps, including some Germans, Italians, prison camps, including some Germans, Italians, and Native Americansand Native Americans

19c: Explain major events; include the lend-lease 19c: Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of

Berlin. Berlin.

Lend-Lease Program: 9 months before Lend-Lease Program: 9 months before Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt approved this Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt approved this program for nation that the US deemed program for nation that the US deemed necessary to the vital defense of the USnecessary to the vital defense of the USBattle of Midway- June 4-7, 1942: turning Battle of Midway- June 4-7, 1942: turning point of WWII. Japan tried to attack point of WWII. Japan tried to attack Midway Atoll, a refueling station, but the Midway Atoll, a refueling station, but the US destroyed 4 Japanese carriers, while US destroyed 4 Japanese carriers, while only losing 1 of its ownonly losing 1 of its own

19d: Describe war mobilization, as indicated by 19d: Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of

women in war industries.women in war industries.

Selective Service- Draft: 10 million men were Selective Service- Draft: 10 million men were forced to join the military, and women were forced to join the military, and women were allowed to join to fill non-combat positions allowed to join to fill non-combat positions To equip the troops all US industry was To equip the troops all US industry was dedicated to the war effort: women filled many of dedicated to the war effort: women filled many of these positions, but paid 60% lessthese positions, but paid 60% lessWartime conservation- aka: rationing, people Wartime conservation- aka: rationing, people were only allowed to purchase limited suppies of were only allowed to purchase limited suppies of many things such as gas, meat, sugar, and many things such as gas, meat, sugar, and coffeecoffee

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Section CSection C

WWII- a TRUE World WarWWII- a TRUE World War

Allies- Great Britain, Soviet Union, US, Allies- Great Britain, Soviet Union, US, China, and FranceChina, and France

Axis- Germany, Italy, JapanAxis- Germany, Italy, Japan

Oceans became battlefields, and the Oceans became battlefields, and the whole world saw war as a personal whole world saw war as a personal experienceexperience

D-DayD-Day

June 6-1944: code name for the first day June 6-1944: code name for the first day of Operation Overlord- an Allied invasion of Operation Overlord- an Allied invasion of Nazi France (opening scene of Saving of Nazi France (opening scene of Saving Private Ryan)Private Ryan)

From the French Beaches, American and From the French Beaches, American and British forces pushed east into GermanyBritish forces pushed east into Germany

Fall of BerlinFall of Berlin

April-May 1945: final place of battle in April-May 1945: final place of battle in Europe during WWII. Europe during WWII. One of the bloodiest battles in historyOne of the bloodiest battles in historyHitler committed suicide during this battleHitler committed suicide during this battleMajority of deadly battle was fought Majority of deadly battle was fought against the Soviets, and the length of the against the Soviets, and the length of the fighting was due to Germany’s desire to fighting was due to Germany’s desire to surrender to the US or Britain rather than surrender to the US or Britain rather than the Soviet Union.the Soviet Union.

19e: Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, 19e: Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the economic, and military implications of developing the

atomic bomb.atomic bomb.

The Allies knew after the Battle of Midway The Allies knew after the Battle of Midway that they would still have to invade the that they would still have to invade the Japanese mainland, because they had a Japanese mainland, because they had a huge military presence on the groundhuge military presence on the ground

BUT: President Truman knew that he BUT: President Truman knew that he jeopardized the lives of his troops if he jeopardized the lives of his troops if he sent them to the mainlandsent them to the mainland

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Section DSection D

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

Truman decided to use new technology, no one Truman decided to use new technology, no one had ever seen the Atomic Bomb, or knew had ever seen the Atomic Bomb, or knew completely what it was capable ofcompletely what it was capable of

2 bombs were assembled in Los Alamos, New 2 bombs were assembled in Los Alamos, New Mexico and dropped on Japan in August, 1945.Mexico and dropped on Japan in August, 1945.

Japan surrendered Sept 2, 1945Japan surrendered Sept 2, 1945

The Atomic Bomb mission was called the The Atomic Bomb mission was called the “Manhattan Project” “Manhattan Project”

Implications of using the A-Implications of using the A-BombBomb

US had this unique weapon, and we US had this unique weapon, and we weren’t afraid to use itweren’t afraid to use it

Soviet Union immediately began research Soviet Union immediately began research and production of their own, creating fear and production of their own, creating fear and a weapons raceand a weapons race

Nuclear power became prevalent in every Nuclear power became prevalent in every area of lifearea of life

Cold WarCold WarTruman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

The “Cold War” was a time period where The “Cold War” was a time period where countries began building their weapons and countries began building their weapons and military programs, either to prevent the spread of military programs, either to prevent the spread of Communism or to protect it; depending on the Communism or to protect it; depending on the country.country.Stated that the US would not hesitate to help Stated that the US would not hesitate to help nations to resist communism.nations to resist communism.Containment policy: allow communism to Containment policy: allow communism to remain where it existed, but to keep it from remain where it existed, but to keep it from spreading to other countries.spreading to other countries.

Marshall Plan: (Part of the Truman Marshall Plan: (Part of the Truman Doctrine) It provided nations in war-torn Doctrine) It provided nations in war-torn Europe with much needed financial Europe with much needed financial support from the US. This was done to try support from the US. This was done to try to prevent ailing nations from falling to to prevent ailing nations from falling to Communist Revolutions.Communist Revolutions.

China’s Communist RevolutionChina’s Communist Revolution

The US sent financial aid to the nationalists in The US sent financial aid to the nationalists in China who were fighting a communist takeover China who were fighting a communist takeover in 1949.in 1949.The communists under Moa Tse-tung won and The communists under Moa Tse-tung won and China became Communist.China became Communist.The US refused to recognized the new The US refused to recognized the new government and used their veto power to keep government and used their veto power to keep China out of the UN.China out of the UN.

Korean War 1950-1953Korean War 1950-1953

North Korea-CommunistNorth Korea-CommunistSouth Korea-DemocraticSouth Korea-DemocraticDivided at the 38Divided at the 38thth parallel. parallel.North Korea invaded S. Korea and the US North Korea invaded S. Korea and the US stepped in to help. The US pushed the N. stepped in to help. The US pushed the N. Koreans back close to China . China Koreans back close to China . China threatened to enter the war and the US threatened to enter the war and the US backed down. The war ended as a backed down. The war ended as a stalemate with the land divided once again at stalemate with the land divided once again at the 38the 38thth parrallel. parrallel.

China’s Communist RevolutionChina’s Communist Revolution

The US sent financial aid to the Nationalists in The US sent financial aid to the Nationalists in Japan who were fighting a communist takeover Japan who were fighting a communist takeover in 1949.in 1949.The communists under Mao Tse-tung won and The communists under Mao Tse-tung won and China became Communist.China became Communist.The US refused to recognize the new The US refused to recognize the new government and used their veto power to keep government and used their veto power to keep China out of the UN.China out of the UN.

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Section ESection E

Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy

A US senator who was convinced that A US senator who was convinced that communists had infiltrated high levels of communists had infiltrated high levels of government and the military. At first, Communist government and the military. At first, Communist aggression in Korea served to help McCarthy aggression in Korea served to help McCarthy and his ideas were popular. and his ideas were popular.

However, by June of 1954, most Americans However, by June of 1954, most Americans thought McCarthy was simply paranoid and the thought McCarthy was simply paranoid and the fear subsided.fear subsided.

Cuban Revolution (1959)Cuban Revolution (1959)

Fidel Castro led the revolution to Fidel Castro led the revolution to overthrow the Cuban Government and overthrow the Cuban Government and became the new communist leader of the became the new communist leader of the country. President Eisenhower broke off country. President Eisenhower broke off all diplomatic relations with Cuba. Castro all diplomatic relations with Cuba. Castro allied himself to the USSR.allied himself to the USSR.

The Bay of Pigs (1961)The Bay of Pigs (1961)

The CIA trained 1500 Cuban exiles to The CIA trained 1500 Cuban exiles to invade Cuba. The invasion landed in the invade Cuba. The invasion landed in the Bay of Pigs and was a huge failure. Bay of Pigs and was a huge failure.

The US denied involvement and The US denied involvement and abandoned the imprisoned exiles.abandoned the imprisoned exiles.

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis

Castro feared invasion from the US and Castro feared invasion from the US and sought a strong ally in the USSR. So, he sought a strong ally in the USSR. So, he allowed the USSR to secretly put nuclear allowed the USSR to secretly put nuclear missiles in Cuba. missiles in Cuba. US spy planes spotted the missiles and US spy planes spotted the missiles and Kennedy authorized a naval blockade of the Kennedy authorized a naval blockade of the island. island. For 13 days-the US and USSR stood at the For 13 days-the US and USSR stood at the brink of nuclear war.brink of nuclear war.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam War

North Vietnam: CommunistNorth Vietnam: CommunistSouth Vietnam: DemocraticSouth Vietnam: DemocraticHo Chi Minh wanted to unite Vietnam Ho Chi Minh wanted to unite Vietnam under Communism.under Communism.President Johnson vowed to keep South President Johnson vowed to keep South Vietnam out of Communist hands.Vietnam out of Communist hands.

Tet OffensiveTet Offensive

1968- Viet Cong launched a major attack 1968- Viet Cong launched a major attack against US forces. against US forces.

The US was able to turn them back, but it The US was able to turn them back, but it showed that the communist could launch a showed that the communist could launch a coordinated attack. It also led to public coordinated attack. It also led to public outcry that the war should be abandoned.outcry that the war should be abandoned.

Opposition at HomeOpposition at Home

Some people were for the war.Some people were for the war.Some people felt that the Government was Some people felt that the Government was limited the ability of the military to win the limited the ability of the military to win the war.war.Others felt that Americans should not be Others felt that Americans should not be fighting and dying for someone else’s fighting and dying for someone else’s country.country.

The US finally realized that the The US finally realized that the Vietnamese would not give up and they Vietnamese would not give up and they began withdrawing troops in 1973. By began withdrawing troops in 1973. By 1975, North Vietnam had won the war and 1975, North Vietnam had won the war and Vietnam became a communist country.Vietnam became a communist country.

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Section FSection F

Social ChangeSocial Change

a. Compare and Contrast the Student Non-Violent a. Compare and Contrast the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian

Leadership Conference (SCLC) tactics; include sit-ins, Leadership Conference (SCLC) tactics; include sit-ins, freedom rides, and changing composition.freedom rides, and changing composition.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC): Believed in making changes (SCLC): Believed in making changes through the courts. Organized the through the courts. Organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott (Rosa Parks) Montgomery Bus Boycott (Rosa Parks) and Dr. King was it’s leader.and Dr. King was it’s leader.

Student Non-violent Coordinating Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC): Wanted to create Committee (SNCC): Wanted to create change through non-violent protests.change through non-violent protests.

Both groups used tactics such:Both groups used tactics such:– Sit-ins: blacks would peacefully sit in Sit-ins: blacks would peacefully sit in

segregated places until they were served or segregated places until they were served or arrested)arrested)

– Freedom-rides: groups of blacks and whites Freedom-rides: groups of blacks and whites who rode buses across the country to test bus who rode buses across the country to test bus integration. The bus was attacked in Alabama integration. The bus was attacked in Alabama and the riders were arrested in Mississippi. and the riders were arrested in Mississippi. This helped to bring national attention to Civil This helped to bring national attention to Civil Rights.Rights.

National PoliticsNational PoliticsSince 1968Since 1968

SSUSH 25: The student will SSUSH 25: The student will describe changes in national describe changes in national

politics since 1968.politics since 1968.

25a: Describe President Nixon’s opening of China, his 25a: Describe President Nixon’s opening of China, his resignation due to the Watergate Scandal, changing resignation due to the Watergate Scandal, changing

attitudes toward government, and the presidency of Gerald attitudes toward government, and the presidency of Gerald Ford.Ford.

Nixon’s presidency is remembered as a Nixon’s presidency is remembered as a success, and also by scandal.success, and also by scandal.

Success: Visit to China in 1971, to seek Success: Visit to China in 1971, to seek scientific, trade, and cultural agreements-scientific, trade, and cultural agreements-taking advantage of the 10year standoff taking advantage of the 10year standoff between China and the Soviet Union. He between China and the Soviet Union. He improved relations with China, which improved relations with China, which helped greatly later with trade helped greatly later with trade negotiations.negotiations.

Nixon ScandalNixon Scandal

Watergate- Nixon’s administration attempt Watergate- Nixon’s administration attempt to cover-up a burglary of the offices of the to cover-up a burglary of the offices of the Democratic Party at Watergate Apartment Democratic Party at Watergate Apartment Complex in Washington DC.Complex in Washington DC.The Burglary was committed by Nixon’s The Burglary was committed by Nixon’s re-election team, looking for political re-election team, looking for political information.information.He won re-election in 1972, but as the He won re-election in 1972, but as the scandal surfaced, he faced impeachment, scandal surfaced, he faced impeachment, and resigned in 1974and resigned in 1974

Effects of the Watergate Effects of the Watergate ScandalScandal

People lost faith in the government and People lost faith in the government and politicianspoliticians

Since many of the people involved were Since many of the people involved were lawyers, attorneys were seen in a negative lawyers, attorneys were seen in a negative light light

Changes were made to laws dealing with Changes were made to laws dealing with campaign financecampaign finance

Gerald FordGerald Ford

Succeeded Nixon, but he was never given true Succeeded Nixon, but he was never given true respect because of his connection to Nixonrespect because of his connection to Nixon

He used his Presidential Pardon privilege to He used his Presidential Pardon privilege to pardon Nixon of all crimes linked to Watergatepardon Nixon of all crimes linked to Watergate

The Vietnam War ended during his presidencyThe Vietnam War ended during his presidency

But, Ford did not curb the growing But, Ford did not curb the growing unemployment and inflation trend, and the US unemployment and inflation trend, and the US experienced the worst economic recession since experienced the worst economic recession since the Great Depressionthe Great Depression

Carter AdministrationCarter Administration

Camp David Accords: 1978, negotiated Camp David Accords: 1978, negotiated peace treaty between the Egyptian peace treaty between the Egyptian president and the Israeli prime minister at president and the Israeli prime minister at Camp David-it did not solve the issues at Camp David-it did not solve the issues at hand, but it did provide an immediate hand, but it did provide an immediate peace involving urgent issues facing the peace involving urgent issues facing the middle-eastern countries.middle-eastern countries.

Carter cont.Carter cont.

Iranian Hostage Crisis: 1978- Iran replaced a Iranian Hostage Crisis: 1978- Iran replaced a shah that was friendly to the U.S. with an shah that was friendly to the U.S. with an unfriendly Muslim leader. unfriendly Muslim leader. Carter allowed the old shah into America for Carter allowed the old shah into America for emergency medical treatment, angry Iranian emergency medical treatment, angry Iranian revolutionaries invaded the U.S. Embassy in Iran revolutionaries invaded the U.S. Embassy in Iran and too 52 Americans hostage.and too 52 Americans hostage.It lasted 444 days, until Ronald Regan became It lasted 444 days, until Ronald Regan became president. president. The event led to anti-American feelings among The event led to anti-American feelings among Muslim groups around the world.Muslim groups around the world.

Reagan AdministrationReagan Administration

Ronald Reagan, president through most of Ronald Reagan, president through most of the 1980’sthe 1980’s

Conservative, wanted to reduce the size of Conservative, wanted to reduce the size of federal governmentfederal government

““Reaganomics” was the nickname given to Reaganomics” was the nickname given to Reagan economic policies- budget cuts, Reagan economic policies- budget cuts, tax cuts, and increased defense spendingtax cuts, and increased defense spending

Reagan cont.Reagan cont.

Iran-Contra Scandal: his administration Iran-Contra Scandal: his administration was found to have sold weapons to Iran, was found to have sold weapons to Iran, and then apparently used funds to support and then apparently used funds to support a rebellion in Nicaragua, supprting the a rebellion in Nicaragua, supprting the rebels of the government called “contras”rebels of the government called “contras”

Reagan cont.Reagan cont.

Collapse of the Soviet Union: Gorbachev, the Collapse of the Soviet Union: Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union during Reagan’s leader of the Soviet Union during Reagan’s administration, changed many policies in his administration, changed many policies in his country including allowing freedom of speech country including allowing freedom of speech and press. He allowed Reagan to help him begin and press. He allowed Reagan to help him begin a path toward democracy, but in the process lost a path toward democracy, but in the process lost control of the separate states that made up the control of the separate states that made up the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

5 of the 10 original stated now make up Russia.5 of the 10 original stated now make up Russia.

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Section GSection G

Clinton’s AdministrationClinton’s Administration

North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): brought Mexico into a tariff free (NAFTA): brought Mexico into a tariff free zone with America and Canadazone with America and Canada

Supporters: felt it would open up Mexican Supporters: felt it would open up Mexican markets to U.S. companiesmarkets to U.S. companies

Opponents: felt it could send U.S. jobs to Opponents: felt it could send U.S. jobs to Mexico and harm the environmentMexico and harm the environment

Clinton cont.Clinton cont.

Impeachment- Clinton was the 2Impeachment- Clinton was the 2ndnd president in U.S. history to be impeachedpresident in U.S. history to be impeached

House of Representatives accused him of House of Representatives accused him of perjury and obstruction of justiceperjury and obstruction of justice

The Senate acquitted him, and he finished The Senate acquitted him, and he finished his second term in officehis second term in office

2000 Presidential Election2000 Presidential Election

Gore received more actual votes, but Bush Gore received more actual votes, but Bush won the electoral college- 271 to 266won the electoral college- 271 to 266

This was a very controversial election, and This was a very controversial election, and was contested in several states, Gore was contested in several states, Gore demanding recounts.demanding recounts.

Eventually, Gore conceded and George Eventually, Gore conceded and George W. Bush became president.W. Bush became president.

Bush’s AdministrationBush’s Administration

Bush’s administration will always be Bush’s administration will always be remembered for Al-Qaeda’s attacks on remembered for Al-Qaeda’s attacks on September 11, 2001.September 11, 2001.

Congress allowed a law to be passed that Congress allowed a law to be passed that allowed people suspected of terrorism to have allowed people suspected of terrorism to have their rights suspended for up to 7 days their rights suspended for up to 7 days

Bush also created Homeland Security, a division Bush also created Homeland Security, a division of the government for the purpose of protecting of the government for the purpose of protecting American soil from terrorist attacksAmerican soil from terrorist attacks

Bush cont.Bush cont.

Operation Enduring Freedom- invasion of Operation Enduring Freedom- invasion of Afghanistan by the U.S. and allies to break of Afghanistan by the U.S. and allies to break of the Taliban and fight terrorism. They had many the Taliban and fight terrorism. They had many successes, but Osama Bin Laden escaped.successes, but Osama Bin Laden escaped.

Operation Iraqi Freedom (AKA War on Operation Iraqi Freedom (AKA War on Terrorism) 2003- the purpose was to search for Terrorism) 2003- the purpose was to search for weapons of mass destruction and to remove weapons of mass destruction and to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Hussein was Saddam Hussein from power. Hussein was eventually captured, convicted of crimes against eventually captured, convicted of crimes against humanity and executed in 2006.humanity and executed in 2006.